Museum indoor climate and energy use. Henk Schellen Rick Kramer

Transcription

1 Museum indoor climate and energy use Henk Schellen Rick Kramer

2 Outline Museums in historic buildings Hygro-thermal conditions near outdoor walls Internal insulation HVAC control Energy conservation in museums by setpoint strategies / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 1

3 Museum Amstelkring Building Massive brick outdoor walls Single glazing Wooden beams Services Central heating Local HVAC systems Humidification Dehumidification / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 2

4 Condensation on windows / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 3

5 Painting near cold wall PAGE 4

6 Rotting wooden beam ends PAGE 5

7 1, 2 and 3D effects PAGE 6

8 House of Maurits The Hague PAGE 7

9 Rembrandt room The anatomic lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp (Rembrandt, 1632) BUITEN BINNEN PAGE 8

10 Condensation on glazing Single glazing Indoor glazing Screen Outdoor Indoor / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 9

11 Exposition rooms 1st floor / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 10

12 The New Rijksmuseum / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 11

13 Building as collection? / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 12

14 Building as collection? / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 13

15 Outdoor walls Rijksmuseum / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 14

16 Foamglass indoor insulation (VO) / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 15

17 Colums and ornaments? / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 16

18 / Department of the Built Environment Indoor isolatie?

19 Mock-Up 2006 / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 18

20 Mock-Up 2006 / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 19

21 Hunting House St. Hubert / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 20

22 Conservation heating / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 21

23 Test setup / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 22

24 Test setup Pre-testing in laboratory Testing on-site Remote DAQ through cell phone / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 23

25 Thermostatically controlled Humidistatically controlled / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 24

26 Conclusions Class AA and A are not easy to implement in old buildings Thermal insulation of the envelope is required Dangerous details at wooden beams etc. Think of alternatives for HVAC systems: winter set back of RH zoning in building (active) showcases conservation heating / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 25

27 Energy conservation in museums by setpoint strategies A case study for the Hermitage Amsterdam

28 Current practice in museums Typical museums objects: paper books textile carpets wooden furniture paintings / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 27

29 Current practice in museums Indoor climates are strictly conditioned in modern museums, barely based on scientific insights. climate specifications of modern Dutch museum Summer 21 ±2 C Temperature Winter 21 ±2 C Paintings, furniture, wooden 55 ± 5 % objects Relative humidity Mixed collections ± 5 % Only metal collections ± 5 % / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 28

30 Current practice in museums Strict indoor climates require high capacity HVAC systems, Which in turn has a huge impact on (monumental) buildings / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 29

31 This research Energy conservation in museums by optimizing climate control while preserving collection, building and thermal comfort / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 30

32 Relevant research Mecklenburg (1993): Energy costs decrease when a wider range of relative humidity fluctuation is allowed. Increasing the RH tolerance from ±2% RH to ±7% RH will reduce energy costs by 55% / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 31

33 Relevant research Collection preservation is assessed using the: Specific climate risk assessment method [1] Martens (2012): PhD-dissertation Developed method to predict preservation qualities based on measured indoor T & RH Adaptive set points can contribute to preservation quality and can decrease energy consumption [1] Martens MHJ. Climate Risk Assessment In Museums: degradation risks determined from temperature and relative humidity data. Eindhoven University of Technology, / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 32

34 Relevant research Thermal comfort is assessed using the: Adaptive Temperature Guideline [2] [2] Van der Linden a. C, Boerstra a. C, Raue a. K, Kurvers SR, de Dear RJ. Adaptive temperature limits: A new guideline in The Netherlands. Energy and Buildings 2006;38:8 17. / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 33

35 This research: overview of methods optimized control adaptive comfort damage functions / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 34

36 Expected results Model predictive control Adaptive thermal comfort Specific climate risk assessment < gas < electricity < money < environmental impact collection preservation thermal comfort / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 35

37 First results: case study Hermitage Amsterdam Hermitage Amsterdam External branch of The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia Building dates from period 1683, substantially renovated in 1970 Building, named Amstelhof, was for 324 years a home for elderly Recent restoration from Collection from The State Hermitage Museum (Western European Art like Rembrandt and Da Vinci, Oriental Art, Russian culture etc.) / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 36

38 Case study Hermitage Amsterdam Hermitage modeled using Hambase [3] Building simulations to assess different setpoint strategies for the Exhibition Room [3] Wit MH de. Heat Air and Moisture model for Building And Systems Evaluation. Bouwstenen. Eindhoven: Eindhoven University Press; / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 37

39 Reference situation: 21 C & 48% / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 38

40 T-setpoints: constant / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 39

41 T-setpoints based on T-outdoor / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 40

42 T-setpoints based on RMOT and night setback Opening hours ( h): - T-setpoints based on RMOT Closing hours ( h): - (9.) 100% recirculation of ventilation air - (10.) Temperature free floating and 100% recirculation of ventilation air / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 41

43 RH-setpoint strategies (T-setpoints from strategy 10.) Opening hours / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 42

44 RH-setpoint strategies (ASHRAE classes) General Climate Risk Assessment: Percent of time that the indoor climate fits into a certain ASHRAE class / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 43

45 Case study: conclusions i. T is predominantly determined by thermal comfort and RH by collection ii. T free floating during closing hours combined with 100% recirculation saves the most energy and is not harmful for the collection in this case study iii. T-setpoints should depend on the outdoor climate, while it is sufficient for the collection to maintain RH between fixed limits all year round iv. Compared to the reference situation, it is possible to decrease the energy demand by 77% while significantly improving thermal comfort and improving collection preservation (strategy 15). / Department of the Built Environment PAGE 44