IR BASED BUILDING SECURITY SYSTEM

Transcription

1 Of the degree BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING FROM UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT KERALA Submitted by KARTHIKA MENON (CEAJEEC046 ) LAZEENA V P ( CEAJEEC048) M.E.A. ENGINEERING COLLEGE Perinthalmanna

2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering M.E.A. ENGINEERING COLLEGE Perinthalmanna CERTIFICATE Certified that the project work entitled IR BASED BUILDING SECUIRITY SYSTEM carried out by KARTHIKA MENON(CEAJEEC046) and LAZEENA V P (CEAJEEC048) bonafied student of M.E.A ENGINEERING COLLEGE in partial fulfillment for the award of the Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering of the Calicut University, Kerala during the year It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the departmental library. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of project work prescribed for the said degree. Name and sign of HOD Name and sign of coordinator Name and sign of guide Mr.MAHMOOD SAKIR Mr.MOHAMMED NISAR JUMANA Head of the Department Lecturer, Lecturer Dept. of ECE, Dept. of ECE, Dept. of ECE, MEA Engg. College, MEA Engg. College, MEA Engg. College, Perinthalmanna. Perinthalmanna. Perinthalmanna.

3 ABSTRACT IR based building security system is a means of security provided to keep the data and money to be safe. This system is mainly used in the large buildings. Simple LED circuit is placed in an LED array corresponding to different doors. So the security will be able to identify the unsecured room easily. The house owner likes to go out, just inform the security to switch ON the alarm. So when any unwanted person opened the door of their room, the output of transmitter and receiver placed on the either side of the door will be used to switch over the alarm to produce sound through loud speaker Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 1

4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We grab this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to Dr.ABDUL ROOUF, our respected principal who gave the best facilities and atmosphere for the project work completion. We would like to thank Mr.MAHMOOD SAKIR, the Head of Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, M.E.A Engineering College Perinthalmanna for providing permission and facilities to conduct the project in a systematic way. We are extremely grateful to Mr. MOHAMMED NISAR P K, lecturer, Department Electronics and communication Engineering, M.E.A Engineering College Perinthalmanna, for the inspiring and sincere guidance throughout the project. We express our deep sense of gratitude to our project guide JUMANA lecturer, Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, M.E.A Engineering College Perinthalmanna, for the sincere directions imparted in connection with the project. We are also thankful to all other teaching and non teaching staffs of M.E.A Engineering College Perinthalmanna, for the support given in connection with the project. We also express our gratitude to our parents, friends and all well wishers supported to complete the project. Finally we thank God for his blessings. Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 2

5 CONTENTS ABSTRACT... I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT... II LIST OF FIGURES...V LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS... VI CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Problem definition Scope of study Objectives of study Project Motivation... 8 CHAPTER 2 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND EXPLANATIONS Block diagram Block diagram description CHAPTER 3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND WORKING Circuit diagram Circuit diagram description 13 Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 3

6 CHAPTER 4 PCB LAYOUT..17 CHAPTER 5 COMPONENTS.18 CHAPTER 6 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 19 CHAPTER 7 APPLICATIONS...20 CHAPTER 8 PRECAUTIONS...21 RESULT.22 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 23 REFERENCES...24 APPENDIX..25 Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 4

7 AC TX IR RX HZ V Alternate current Transmitter Infrared Receiver Hertz Volt V cc Voltage Supply O/P R C Output Resistor Capacitor Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 5

8 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE PAGE NUMBER BLOCK DIAGRAM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM PCB LAYOUT Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 6

9 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem definition Our project is IR based building Security System. In the right hands, an electronic security system can make a home much safer. Here we introduce an advanced security system for large buildings like villas and apartments. The alarm is just one link in the security chain. It will be helpful in homes where a family is security conscious where they have doors, deadbolt locks on entry doors and regularly lock their doors and take other ordinary security measures. Rather than the use of alarm, this system also provides the detection of the unsecured rooms. An infrared transmitter receiver pair senses the tress passing of unwanted persons through certain area. If the communication path between transmitter and receiver cuts it senses.led segment placed in the security room will indicate the opened door together with an alarm. It is usually infrared radiation that is invisible to the human eye but can be detected by electronic device designed for such a purpose. Here we use TSOP is a standard IR remote control receiver for the detection of infrared radiations. Day by day, all over the world different types of robberies are increasing. So in order to protect our assets money or data, need a more efficient security system. That thought results in the designing of an IR based security system. 1.2 Objective study Study of IR transmitter and IR receiver Study of IR based security system Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 7

10 1.3 Scope of study The security system can be improved by replacing LED array with an LED segment display. So very large number of rooms or flats will be able to represent by numbers in the segment display. 1.4 Project motivation and contribution The motive behind this project is its future scope in security systems. Here we introduce an advanced security system for large buildings like villas and apartments. Rather than the use of alarm, this system also provides the detection of the unsecured rooms. 1.5 Report organization This report is organized in to 10 chapters Chapter 1- It is just an introduction about the project. It includes problem definition, scope of study, project motivation & contribution, report organization. Chapter 2-This Chapter contains block diagram and block diagram level description Chapter 3-Chapter three contains circuit diagram, design &working Chapter 4-Chapter four contains component description Chapter 5-It has the advantages of the project Chapter 6-It has the disadvantages of the project Chapter 7-It contains applications and future scope of the project Chapter 8-It contains the reference Chapter 9-It contains appendix Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 8

11 Chapter 2 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION 2.1 Block Diagram. IR POWER SUPPLY IR TRANSMITTER RECEIVER AUDIO ALARM SWITCHING UNIT LED ARRAY Fig 2.1 Block diagram Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 9

12 2.2 Block diagram description The block diagram of IR based building security system contains 6 blocks. They are POWER SUPPLY 2.22 IR TRANSMITTER 2.23 IR RECEIVER 2.24 SWITCHING UNIT 2.25 AUDIO ALARM 2.26 LED ARRAY POWER SUPPLY For the proper working of the system, we need 5v supply. In order to get this supply we are using power supply circuit. Almost all electronic equipments include circuit that converts ac voltage of main supply into dc voltage. This part of the equipment is called power supply. In general at the input of the power supply, there is a power transformer. A diode circuit called rectifier follows it. The output of the rectifier goes to a smoothing filter, and then to a voltage regulator circuit. The rectifier is the heart of the power supply.a 5v supply is obtained by using LM7805C IR TRANSMITTER Here we use high intensity general purpose IRED to support continuous transmission of IR radiations. Its operating voltage is 1.2v and operating current is 20mA. IR radiations can be amplified to 3-4 times using transistor BC547. Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 10

13 2.2.3 IR RECEIVER The TSOP17- Series are miniaturized receivers for IR remote control systems. PIN diode and preamplifier are assembled on lead frame, the epoxy package is designed as IR filter. The demodulated output signal can directly be decoded by a microprocessor. TSOP17. is the\ Standard IR remote control receiver series, supporting all major transmission codes SWITCHING UNIT NE555 is used as monostable multivibrator to switch to output according to the input and produce LED array along with the alarm AUDIO ALARM In an IR based security system audible alarm is used to produce sound. The audio alarm circuit is setup with the help of NE555, resistor, capacitor, transistor and loudspeaker. When the alarm circuit gets a 5V supply from the switch it will raise. The sound is produced regularly and automatically when an unwanted only when the house owner or security reset or OFF the building security system LED ARRAY LED array is an array of simple LED circuits used by a house owner or security to identify the unsecured rooms or flats. In the case where large numbers of rooms or flats are present, LED array can be replaced by LED segment display. Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 11

14 Chapter 3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION 3.1 Circuit diagram Fig 3.1 Circuit diagram Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 12

15 3.2 Circuit diagram description POWER SUPPLY The working of half wave rectifier is as follows. During the positive half cycle of the ac input voltage, the is forward biased and conducts all the instantaneous voltage greater than the offset voltage. So we get a pulsating dc voltage for each half cycle. Now in the case of full wave rectifier circuit, this allows a unidirectional current to flow through the load during the entire input cycle. As a result of this output voltage that pulsates every half cycle of the input. Now in our case we are using Center-tapped transformer in our circuit. The advantage of using this transformer is that we need only two diodes in place of four in the bridge rectifier. In the project, a bridge rectifier is used to perform AC-DC conversion. We need a regulated power supply in our project. So we used monolithic IC regulators. This has the advantage that space and cost are less than that of discrete component based voltage regulator. The power supply is the most indispensable part of an electronic system. IC regulators are versatile and relatively inexpensive and are available with features such as current or voltage boosting, internal short circuit current limiting, thermal shutdown and floating operation for high voltage applications. The regulated circuit is used to maintain constant output level. The integrated circuit regulator, sometimes called three terminal regulators contains the circuitry for reference source error amplitude control device and overload protection all in a single IC chip. They are connected between output of a filter and input to the load. The rectifier and filter circuits, which are used in the initial stages of a DC power supply is essential for the operation of almost all electronic devices. A rectifier circuit is a circuit which converts ac voltage into pulsating DC there are Half wave rectifier and two types of rectifier circuits. Half wave rectifier and Full wave rectifier Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 13

16 3.2.2 IR TRANSMITTER & IR RECEIVER First section is the transmitting part which is used to transmit continuous IR radiations. A simple IR diode circuit is used for this purpose.ir diode emits infrared radiation. This radiation illuminates the surface in front of diode. Surface reflects the infrared light. Depending on reflectivity of the surface, amount of light reflected varies. This reflected light is made incident on IR receiver. As intensity of incident rays varies, voltage across resistor will vary. IR diode is used as a source of infrared rays. IR sensor is nothing but a diode, which is sensitive for infrared radiation LED ARRAY As soon as the IR transmitter-receiver path is cut, output of IR receiver trigger the thyrister 2P4M through a transistor. As thyrister is ON,it starts conducting and so LED glows.thyrister once triggered is made OFF only when the power supply is removed. Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 14

17 3.2.4 MULTIVIBRATOR Output of this section given to pin4 of a multi vibrator.whenever pin4 receives high signal,multivibrator starts working and thus produces alarm for the induction of insecurity of the room. DESIGN MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR V C (t) = V C ( ) +[ V C (()) - V C ( ) ]e -T/RC 2/3V CC = V CC + ( 0 V CC )e -T/RC 2/3V CC = V CC (1 - e -T/RC ) e -T/RC = 1/3 T/RC T R C = ln3 = 1.1RC = 100KΩ =100µF Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 15

18 Chapter 4 PCB LAYOUT Fig 4.1 Pcb layout Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 16

19 Chapter 5 COMPONENTS 5.1 RESISTORS 330Ω, 100Ω, 1KΩ, 10KΩ, 100KΩ 5.2 CAPACITORS 1000 µf, 100 µf, 0.1 µf 5.3 SEMICONDUCTORS BC 548 (npn) IN P4M 5.4 INTEGRATED CIRCUITS LM 7805 LM 7812 NE 555 Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 17

20 Chapter 6 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Advantages Provide more security Easy detection of unsecured room Fewer components, so easy to maintain Less complex circuit power consumption Economical Disadvantages The range of transmission is quite short compared to wired transmission. The performance will drop off if the distance to the receiver is out of range for the infrared device The transmitters and receivers must be closely aligned to communicate by being directly in sight of each other Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 18

21 Chapter 7 APPLICATIONS Apartments are more secured using this system. Provides security system in buildings. Provides security for schools. It can be used in homes. Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 19

22 Chapter 8 PRECAUTIONS 1. The device should be maintained properly, especially the IR part. 2. The power source should be checked frequently. Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 20

23 RESULT If any one of the IR transmitter- receiver path is obstructed, then led corresponding to that glow along with the alarm. Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 21

24 FUTURE SCOPE AND CONCLUSION The security system can be improved by replacing LED array with an LED segment display. So very large number of rooms or flats will be able to represent by numbers in the segment display. Day by day, all over the world different types of robberies are increasing. To defend against robs many security systems are already in the market. The main advantage of this security system is to detect the opened door together with an alarm. The aim of this project has been designed and developed within the time slotted allotted for us. Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 22

25 REFERENCES Power Electronics-Dr. P S Bimbhra Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 23

26 APPENDIX Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 24

27 Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 25

28 IR DIODES TSAL6100X01 is a high efficiency infrared emitting diode in GaAlAs/GaAs technology, molded in clear, blue grey tinted plastic packages. TSAL6100X01 is released to Smoke-automatic Fire Detector application by the UL. Features Extra high radiant power and radian tintensity High reliability UL qualification UR0X2.S8867, Smoke automatic Fire Detectors-component Low forward voltage Suitable for high pulse current operation Standard T-1¾ ( 5 mm) package Angle of half intensity ϕ = ± 10 matching to Si photo detectors Lead (Pb)-free Peak wavelength λp = 940 nm Good spectral component Component in accordance to RoHS 2002/95/EC and WEEE 2002/96/EC Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 26

29 LED A light-emitting diode (LED) is an electronic light source. The LED was discovered in the early 20th century, and introduced as a practical electronic component in All early devices emitted low-intensity red light, but modern LEDs are available across the visible, ultraviolet and infra red wavelengths, with very high brightness. LEDs are based on the semiconductor diode. When the diode is forward biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with holes and energy is released in the form of light. This effect is called electroluminescence and the color of the light is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor. The LED is usually small in area (less than 1 mm 2 ) with integrated optical components to shape its radiation pattern and assist in reflection Applications of LEDs are diverse. They are used as low-energy replacements for traditional light sources in well-established applications such as indicators and automotive lighting. The compact size of LEDs has allowed new text and video displays and sensors to be developed, while their high switching rates are useful in communications technology. This LED will glow when the sensor output becomes 1. Anode of RED LED is connected to pin 25(RC6/TX) through 1k resistor and cathode connected to ground. Anode of green LED connected to 24(RC5/SDO) through 1k resistor and cathode connected to ground. Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 27

30 POWER SUPPLY (LM7805) In our project electronic logic systems such as microcontroller unit and LCD display uses +5V and other system needs +9V. Both these voltages are produced by the power supply circuit from the 9V battery itself. Voltage regulator LM7805 is used here in order to provide +5V power supply. Voltage regulators comprise a class of widely used ICs. Regulator IC units contain the circuitry for reference source, comparator amplifier, control device, and overload protection all in a single IC. IC units provide regulation of either a fixed positive voltage, a fixed negative voltage, or an adjustably set voltage. The regulators can be selected for operation with load currents from hundreds of milli amperes to tens of amperes, corresponding to power ratings from milli watts to tens of watts. A fixed three-terminal voltage regulator has an unregulated dc input voltage, Vi, applied to one input terminal, a regulated dc output voltage, Vo, from a second terminal, with the third terminal connected to ground. The series 78 regulators provide fixed positive regulated voltages from 5 to 24 volts. Similarly, the series 79 regulators provide fixed negative regulated voltages from 5 to 24 volts. The MC78XX/LM78XX/MC78XXA series of three terminal positive regulators are available in the TO- 220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output voltages, making them useful in a wide range of applications. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shut down and safe operating area protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 28

31 over 1A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents. Features Output Current up to 1A Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V Thermal Overload Protection Features NE555 High Current Drive Capability (200mA) Adjustable Duty Cycle Temperature Stability of 0.005%/ C Timing from Sec to Hours Turn off Time Less than 2microSec Applications: Precision Timing Pulse Generation Time Delay Generation Sequential Timing Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 29

32 Description The LM555/NE555 is a highly stable controller capable of producing accurate timing pulses. With a monostable operation, he time delay is controlled by one external resistor and one capacitor. With an astable operation, the frequency and duty cycle are accurately controlled by two external resistors and one capacitor. Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 30

33 Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 31

34 THYRISTOR 2P4M Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 32

35 Department of electronics and communication engineering Jan-June 2011 Page 33