DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A MICROCONTROLLER BASED UNDER AND OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION DEVICE WITH ALARM NAT BEREGHA EREMIEMI (2006/24462EE)

Transcription

1 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A MICROCONTROLLER BASED UNDER AND OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION DEVICE WITH ALARM BY NAT BEREGHA EREMIEMI (2006/24462EE) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA.. November,

2 DEDICATION I dedicate this work first to the Lord Almighty who through His Spirit has given me strength to carryon this project and to my ever supportive father Chief Nat Beregha - Barigha and my loving mother Mrs. Dieneye Nat - Beregha. ii

3 DECLARATION I declare that this project report titled design and construction of a microcontroller based under and over voltage protection device with alarm was done by me and has never been presented elsewhere for award of a degree. I also hereby relinquish the copyright to the federal university of technology, Minna Nat 8eregha Eremiemi ~/ Mallam S Zubair (Name of student) (Signature and date) (Name of supervisor) ~ "1+,,,,, (Signature and date) Engr. A.G. Raji (Name of H.O.D) D.l-1 L \ (~~ ~~\~. (Name of external Superv~r) L _. ~l>~/'l? (Signature "and date) (Signature and date " iii

4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I sincerely thank the Lord God for His infinite mercy, blessings, guidance and sustenance over my life. My special thanks go to my parents, chief & Mrs. Nat Beregha - Barigha for their. moral, spiritual support throughout my undergraduate studies. 1 acknowledge them for financing my academics all through my study. My profound gratitude goes to my lovely mother for. unrelenting prayers and encouragement upon my life I can never forget my siblings for their love and care. My special appreciation goes to my supervisor, Mallam.S. Zubair for his advice, corrections and guidance throughout my project work, my laboratory supervisor Mallam Ishiaku, Many and thanks go to the entire staff of Electrical Engineering Department of the Federal University of Technology Minna, who in one way or the other have contributed to my success. Finally, I appreciate all members of the winner's family. iv

5 ABSTRACT This project is a microcontroller based under or over voltage protection device with alarm to enable device or load to be protected from damages as a result of indiscriminate interruption from the supplied voltage source. If there is voltage range of 0-200Y the LCD initializes indicating low voltage and cutoff load with alarm and once the voltage range is the LCD shows normal voltage, if there is a voltage range of 240 and above the LCD initializes ' showing over voltage cut off load with alarm. The amount of current in a circuit depends on the voltage supplied. This project" was designed to maintain the voltage at consumer's premises within acceptable limit to protect electrical appliances. Its main function is to cut off under and over voltage supply of the direct current to the load ; this was archived after observing the equipment. v

6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages Title Page : i Declaration :... ii Certification... ~..' iii Dedication : : : iv Acknowledgements v Abstract.... vi Table of contents vii CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction Power fluctuation Under voltage : Overvoltage Aims and Objectives of the project...: Scope of the project sign ificance justification project layo ut... 5 CHAPTER TWO: Literature review 2. I Theoretical background Methodology : CHAPTER THREE: Design and implementation design analysis vi

7 3.2 deign of power suppl y choice of Bridge rectifier choice of capacitor voltage choice of relay load circuit : microcontroller : low voltage comparator : high voltage comparator Calculation of low, normal, high voltage , Calculation of low voltage : Calculation of high voltage , liquid crystal display Theory of operation of the circuit Circuit diagram for under/over voltage protection device flow chart Pictorial view of breadboard Pictorial view of complete constructi on :... : CHAPTER FOUR: Construction and testin g : Construction and Testin g summary of operati on result CHAPTER FIVE Conclusion and recommendation Conclu sion Recommendation Reference Appendix vii