2010 Cranberry Management Update: Insect Update

Transcription

1 University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Cranberry Station Extension meetings Cranberry Station Outreach and Public Service Activities Cranberry Management Update: Insect Update Anne L. Averill University of Massachusetts - Amherst, averill@eco.umass.edu Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Horticulture Commons Recommended Citation Averill, Anne L., "2010 Cranberry Management Update: Insect Update" (2010). Cranberry Station Extension meetings. 91. Retrieved from This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Cranberry Station Outreach and Public Service Activities at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cranberry Station Extension meetings by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact scholarworks@library.umass.edu.

2 Insect Update: Entomology Research Cranberry Management Update 2010 Anne Averill

3 Outline Cranberry fruitworm is major focus Importance of cultivar on mgt. recs. early large fruiting cultivars?? update percent out of bloom recommendations insecticide trial New compounds with reduced risk to non targets Conserve pollinators!!! Tipworm update Cranberry weevil trap development

4 Cranberry fruitworm: cultivar comparison

5 BL/ST/EB/HOWES site locations Chose 6 sites with beds of 4 cultivars Ben Lears, Stevens, Early Blacks, Howes north -- Carver 3 south -- Wareham 3

6 CFW activity on cultivars sampled every few days started early June for each bed, investigated moth flight % out of bloom egg infestation harvest evaluation insecticide regime

7 Questions How does moth activity compare across cultivars?

8 Monitored moth flight Traps placed ca. 3 ft above vines placement based on research findings Note: only male flight is monitored

9 Total captures by site and cultivar ST EB BL H Moth count Site

10 Total moth captures by cultivar Moth count: average across sites No significant differences among cultivars

11 Questions How does moth activity compare across cultivars? No clear preference of male moth activity based on cultivar How does timing of flight compare across cultivars?

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14 Early Blacks, moth flight Moth count June July August Site North<<<<<<Sites>>>>>>>>South

15 Howes, moth flight Moth count June July August Site North<<<<<<Sites>>>>>>>>South

16 Questions How does timing of flight compare across cultivars? Tendency of very early activity in early cultivars Esp. north Even Howes showed June flight little activity in August

17 Questions How does egg laying activity compare across sites and cultivars?

18 Overview 2009 Checked 45,388 berries, found 329 eggs Egg infestation very low <1 % (0.724) of all fruit contained eggs did not exceed 1.5% at any site

19 No significant differences among cultivars

20 Questions How does egg laying activity compare across sites and cultivars? No large differences among sites in 2009 No distinctions among cultivars

21 SUMMARY POINT: no clear differences Cultivar comparison, across all 6 sites Average moth capture Average egg infestation

22 Questions How do percent out ofbloom data compare among cultivars i.e compare fruit set timing

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24 How does egglaying activity relate to 50 % out of bloom? Questions

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26 Questions How do percent out of bloom data compare among early cultivars? Geography and cultivar important How does egglaying activity relate to 50 % out of bloom? On early cultivars, majority of egglaying occurred before 50% out of bloom

27 Females prefer to lay eggs on fruits that are 3 mm or larger

28 Current IPM recommendations Estimate when crop is at 50% OOB EB and Howes: spray 7 9 days later Stevens: spray 3 5 days later Ben Lears: spray 5 7 days later

29 Shifting of recommendations For early varieties, first spray should be timed for 50% OOB However, honey bees and native bees are still foraging at this time Diazinon, Lorsban pose huge risk to pollinators, even with washoff approach e.g. bumble bees forage very early in day when bog still wet Spray trial focus: find effective fruitworm compounds not hazardous to pollinators

30 Screening program: cranberry fruitworm and new insecticides

31 2009 site: abandoned Howes bed

32 Field trial: methods 5 replicates/treatment Two applications 7/23 and 7/30 (spray scheduled based on OOB) Fruit randomly sampled after second spray

33 350 gal/a with CO2 backpack sprayer

34 2008 trial: Control no treatment plot

35 2008 diamide 1>> total control but: did not make it through final registration so in 2009 tested diamide 2

36 Anthranilic diamide mode of action Targets muscular system Nerve Impulse VGCC Brief RyR Openings Diamide Excitatory Nerve Action Potential Ryanodine Receptor Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+ Store Ca 2+ ions VG Ca 2+ Channel Closed Empty Closed Empty Closed Empty Vittum & Silcox Turf Insecticide Modes of Action and Resistance Management muscle fiber

37 Treatments 1. Neonicotinoid>>>Assail 2. Molting hormone mimic>>>intrepid 3. Anthranilic diamide >>diamide 2 (not registered yet) 4. New spinosad>>delegate 5. Industry standard>>diazinon, Lorsban 6. Industry standard>>lorsban, Diazinon Lorsban rates: 2 and 3 pts 7. Control>>>untreated No bee toxicity

38 Results 2009 trial: 28 DAT

39 Diaz/Lor2 Diaz/Lor3 Lors2/Diaz Lors3/Diaz CONTROL 2 DEL 2 Diam 2 2 INT 2 ASS % infested berries

40 Howes management Note excellent fruitworm control on this Howes bed Followed IPM recommendations Estimate 50% OOB and spray 7 9 days later, and again in 10 days

41 Cranberry fruitworm management Infestation has been low last two years Your spray regime could have worked because there was no infestation to begin with Pheromone traps not helpful in determining spray timing, progression of fruit is absolutely key But, on early cultivars, moth activity is early and infestation occurs prior to/around 50% OOB Working hard to move in excellent bee safe compounds

42 Cranberry fruitworm management Early cultivars recommendation: Intrepid at 50% OOB on early cultivars No bee toxicity Delegate good later choice for fruitworm High toxicity to bees, but safe once it has dried

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44 Cranberry tipworm PhD student Sunil Tewari s work Looking at differences in response by cultivars Timing of attack Geographic location

45 Cranberry tipworm (Dasineura Gall making fly. oxycoccana) Adults emerge in May and multiple generations in a single growing season. Larvae feed on apical meristem Feeding usually results in death of meristem and upright growth is stopped. Photo credits: R. Kachadoorian & K. Voss

46 Methods Eliminated tipworm from plots with sprays of new compound Registration challenged by NRDC and Xerces Society Two sites Stevens, low infestation Howes, mega infestation Measured yield at end of season

47 Yield significantly higher in Howes plots where tipworm not eliminated Treated HOWES Treated STEVENS

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49 Develop baited traps for cranberry weevil Cooperative project lead by NJ Cesar Rodriguez Saona and post doc Zsofia Szendrei We are field testing blends of volatile compounds

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51 Data from ZSofia

52 Summary Best lure was baited with male cranberry weevil pheromone + plant volatile (geraniol) effective attractant, so on the road to trap development

53 QUESTIONS??

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55 Suggests that moth counts may not be a reliable indicator of female egglaying activity