OSU Extension Master Gardener Final Exam 2016

Transcription

1 OSU Extension Master Gardener Final Exam 2016 Name County Section I: Information to answer the following questions is in our textbook, Sustainable Gardening. If you use other sources, be sure to name the source. For either one, note the page number where you found the answer. 1. Tree limbs should be pruned a. flush with the trunk c. flush with the collar b. to a short stub d. and painted with a wound dressing. 2. A pesticide is used for controlling (check all that apply) a. insects b. plant diseases c. weeds d. small rodents 3. Where would you expect to find evidence of nitrogen deficiency symptoms on your favorite rhododendron, which is growing near your house foundation? a. mostly on older foliage. c. on the flowers. b. on plant stems. d. mostly on newer foliage.

2 4. Which best describes Integrated Pest Management? a. spraying at the right time to prevent pest infestation b. using a combination of pesticides, predators and cultural practices c. achieving a balance in the garden that allows natural processes to control the pests d. using primarily organic methods of pest control, including sprays and predators 5. When pruning grapes, how much of the previous season s growth should be removed? a. 20% c. 50% b. 33% d. 90% 6. Damage on a plant that occurs in a non-uniform or random pattern is usually caused by: 7. Most vegetables prefer a ph in the range of.

3 8. T F Adding lime to the soil raises ph while adding sulfur lowers the ph. 9. What are two causes of black shrunken areas on the blossom end of tomatoes? a. b. It can be avoided by: 10. Large brown, irregular blotches or wedge-shaped blotches on the edges of dogwood leaves are a symptom of: This condition can be controlled by 11. Cone-shaped mounds of dirt in the yard are caused by

4 12. What should you add to a summer compost pile that is not heating well? a. fresh grass clippings c. orange peel e. an electric heat coil b. straw d. animal scraps f. dry, chopped leaves 13. T F Crimson clover and annual rye are both classified as legume cover crops that can add nitrogen to the soil. 14. T F Fertilizers are plant food. 15. A client is planning to seed a lawn in a shady area. Which grass is recommended? a. bentgrass c. annual ryegrass b. fine fescue d. Kentucky bluegrass 16. Reasons for pruning a plant are (check all that apply) a. to train the plant b. to maintain plant health c. to improve the quality of flowers, fruit, foliage d. to restrict growth

5 17. List two advantages of using raised beds for vegetable gardens. a. b. 18. What is the most important limiting factor in growing red raspberries? a. need for acidic soil. b. heavy, poorly drained soil c. need for large amounts of water d. short lifespan for the plants e. high heat requirement for ripening. 19. Physical ways of controlling insects include (check all that apply): a. hand picking larvae from the plants b. placing row covers over a row of beets c. sprinkling diatomaceous earth on the soil surface d. using sticky materials wrapped around plant stems

6 20. An aphid eats a. by chewing the leaf b. by mining within the leaf c. by sucking the leaf d. by chewing root hairs 21. Biennial plants a. need to be divided every two years b. live only two years c. will produce more flowers or fruit after a chilly winter d. produce fruit heavily one year and lightly the next 22. The bud found where a leaf meets the stem is called the a. terminal bud b. axillary bud c. adventitious bud d. fruiting bud

7 23. A key part of plant identification is a. memorization of Latin names b. being able to tell the difference between a hybrid and the parent plant c. careful observation of the plant s growth habit and leaf shape d. determining whether the plant is a native species 24. When using simple layering to propagate a plant a. bury a growing tip about 4 inches below the surface b. build a mound of soil over the cut base of the plant, leaving growing tips exposed c. place the cut stem in a pot with soil layered with a light potting mixture and compost d. place a low growing stem under the soil surface, leaving the tip pointing upward 25. One clear difference between flies (Diptera) and wasps (Hymenoptera) is a. the type of metamorphosis used b. the hardness of their bodies c. the number of their wings d. the type of their mouthparts

8 26. Methods of reducing water use in the garden include (check all that apply) a. grouping plants by water use b. applying water slowly c. applying mulches d. having less lawn 27. Perennials include (check all that apply) a. dandelions c. cactus e. pieris g. raspberries b. ivy d. trees f. rhubarb h. blueberries 28. Deadheading of flowering perennials (check all that apply) a. encourages continuing or repeat bloom b. minimizes the need for additional fertilizer in the rest of the growing season c. controls the eventual height of the plants d. keeps pests from attacking the plants 29. T F As a general rule, divide spring blooming herbaceous perennials during very early spring.

9 30. Managing the available water supply for houseplants means (check all that apply) a. watering at fixed intervals b. keeping the plant in contact with an available water supply, such as a saucer c. keeping nutrients (fertilizer) at a beneficial level for the plant d. keeping a balance of air and water in the soil 31. Soil for potted plants requires a higher proportion of mineral particles in order to a. minimize frequent watering b. provide for the NPK needs of the plant c. provide open area in the soil for air d. prevent the plant from becoming rootbound 32. The first step in creating a sustainable landscape is a. planting the trees and basic shrubs b. deciding what your needs are c. doing a soil test d. drawing a plan

10 Section II: In this section, answers may be in your textbook or require additional research. Suggested online and print resources are listed on the last page of this test. Whatever you use, note the source and page number, if applicable, for your each of your answers. 33. What is the web address for the OSU Extension gardening publication titled, Managing Diseases and Insects in Home Orchards? 34. A client recently cut down a black walnut tree in their yard. It s not recommended to plant tomatoes in the area where the tree used to be, why? 35. Name four conditions that allow moss to grow in a lawn

11 36. List two ways to control English ivy. a. b. 37. In early July your young butternut squash has flowers but has not yet set fruit. Why might this happen? 38. Two recommended ways to control box elder bugs or ladybird beetles in the home are to a. b.

12 39. T F The sweet cherry variety, Sweetheart, is self-pollinating (does not require another variety of cherry to provide pollen) 40. Name two examples of systemic herbicides. a. b. 41. The term Malling 26 refers to a. an English sports car b. scion wood used for grafting multiple fruit varieties onto one tree c. an apple rootstock d. particularly blight resistant filbert stock

13 42. Hardening off a plant means a. covering wounds or cuts with a sticky substance to protect from insect damage b. gradually transitioning the plant from growing inside to outside in the garden c. reducing water late in the growing season to prepare the plant for winter d. providing shade for a plant until nearby trees get tall enough to provide shade 43. Match the symptoms in the first column with the suspected pest listed in the second column. a. frothy mass 1. filbert worm b. hole in filbert shell 2. root weevil c. notching of leaf edges 3. spittlebug d. cotton-like bits on stems 4. slugs e. sticky, syrupy leaves 5. mealybugs f. apple core 6. mites g. trail of slime 7. aphids h. stippling 8. coddling moth i. apple flesh 9. juniper webworms j. webbed twigs 10. apple maggot

14 44. With an oral LD50 value of for rats, is carbaryl (Sevin) more or less toxic than acephate, which has an oral LD50 value of mg/kg? 45. Which of these is the most common lawn disease in western Oregon in winter? a. red thread c. fairy ring e. rust b. snow mold d. powdery mildew f. dollar spot 46. Which of these are recommended to be pruned during late winter (February/early March)? (check all that apply) a. roses c. grapes e. lilacs b. apple trees d. rhododendrons f. blueberries

15 47.When starting any type of seed indoors, which of the following factors is critical to germination? (check all that apply) a. maintaining a constant soil temperature of 68 F b. keeping the soil moist c. keeping the seeds in complete darkness until germination d. using a loose, aerated planting medium 48. A Freeze Warning has been issued for your area. Name two things you can do to protect sensitive plants Of the following plants, which ones are considered cool-season plants? (check all that apply) a. radish e. basil b. tomatoes f. lettuce c. eggplant g. broccoli d. sweet corn h. peas

16 50. What USDA zone do we garden in? Section III: Plant Problem Scenarios For the following Plant Problem Scenarios, imagine that a client has come to you at the Master Gardener Help Desk. To research your responses to these questions, you can use resources at the Extension office and appropriate online resources. Directions: Choose TWO (2) of the following scenarios to respond to. First, read the client s description. Then write out four (4) questions that you would ask to get relevant information. Finally, list resource(s) that help determine a solution to the type of problem described. Plant Scenario #1 (at the end of May) I planted six tomato plants two weeks ago. They don t seem to be growing, and the flowers that were on the plants when I planted them have mostly fallen off. What should I do? Additional questions for the client: What resource(s) might help figure out this problem?

17 Plant Scenario #2 (in August) I want to plant a groundcover to keep the weeds down. The area is mostly under a tall maple tree, so it is fairly shaded most of the day. I was thinking about using ivy since my neighbor has some, and he never has to weed. What would be a good groundcover choice for me? Additional questions for the client: What resource(s) might help figure out this problem?

18 Plant Scenario #3 (mid-may) My backyard is overrun with running type bamboo-help! What can I do to get rid of it? Additional questions for the client: What resource(s) might help figure out this problem?

19 Plant Scenario #4 (end of June) My spinach has holes in the leaves. The holes are at the edges of the leaves, mostly. What do I do? Is the spinach still safe to eat? Additional questions for the client: What resource(s) might help figure out this problem?

20 Section IV: Master Gardener Protocols 1. Name three approved sources Master Gardeners can use to make recommendations about pesticide use in home gardens: a. b. c. 2. When should a Master Gardener give advice to a commercial grower? (check all that apply) a. when the commercial grower calls the Master Gardener desk. b. when the County Extension Agent is unavailable to answer the question c. as long as you can find the answer in the PNW handbooks d. when you are wearing your Master Gardener badge. e. never 3. When do you wear your Master Gardener badge? (check all that apply) a. whenever you want b. when visiting or working at a horticultural business c. when working at the MG Plant Clinic in the Extension office d. at all Master Gardener sponsored activities

21 4. The Extension Service, of which you are a part of the volunteer staff, is a part of which of the following? (check all that apply) a. University of Oregon c. Oregon Department of Agriculture b. Oregon State University d. Parks and Recreation Department 5. In which county office will you be serving? 6. How and when do you report your volunteer hours? 7. Why is it important to report your volunteer hours? 8. Why might it be advantageous to keep track of annual miles driven as a volunteer?

22 Congratulations! You have just completed the first part of your learning experience with the Master Gardener Program. As you work as a Master Gardener this year, you will learn much more than we have taught in this eleven-week series. We hope that your experiences will be happy ones that broaden and enrich your gardening skills. Suggestions to improve next year s Master Gardener training program: Recommended sources of information Sustainable Gardening textbook PNW Handbooks PNW Disease Management Handbook PNW Weed Management Handbook PNW Insect Management Handbook OSU Extension publications catalog