5/15/16. Succulents in San Diego Botanic Garden. *Water Thrifty *Water Wise *Low Water *Drought Resistant *Xeriscape not Zeroscape

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1 Succulents in San Diego Botanic Garden Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 1 Water Thrifty Water Wise Low Water Drought Resistant Xeriscape not Zeroscape Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 2 Reduce water Improve Soil Limit Turf Use Appropriate Plants Mulch Irrigate Maintenance Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 3 1

2 Reduce water Improve Soil Limit Turf Use Appropriate Plants Mulch Irrigate Maintenance Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 4 Water Conservation Reduce Water Bills Decrease Garden Maintenance Increase Habitat for Wildlife Increase Visual Appeal Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 5 Physical Removal Herbicide Round Up Solarization Sheet Composting Lasagna Gardening nt/grass_removal_methods/ Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 6 2

3 Background Culture Adaptation Use Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 7 KINGDOM ---PLANTAE DIVISION --- ANGIOSPERMS CLASS --- EUDICOTS ORDER --- MALPIGHIALES FAMILY SUCCULENT families GENUS SPECIES SUBSPECIES VARIETIES s CULTIVERS?????? ht t p:// Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 8 Old World Succulents So. Africa, Tropical Africa, Madagascar, Canary Islands, etc. Euphorbias, Aloes, Crassulas New World Succulents Mexico, North and South America Agaves, Crassulas, Cactus Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 9 3

4 Definition: A plant with the ability to store water Water loss minimized by absent, reduced or cylindrical to spherical leaves Fewer stomata...the breathing organs on the underside of the leaves that open only at night Ribs to give more surface space Waxy, hairy or spiny surface to reduce air movement Gray, dull color to reflect the sun Shaped to direct water to roots, and surface roots to grab water Thick skin Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 10 Stem Succulents Stem is enlarged to contain the water-storing tissues Stem is predominant feature May have non-succulent leaves, deciduous leaves or no leaves May also have tuberous root - caudex Stems and leaves contain chlorophyll Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 11 Leaf Succulents Ty pi c al l y sm al l or no stem s and enl arged l eav es which store water Many shaped like rosettes or single pairs of leaves with no stem No spines but may have sharp terminal point Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #

5 Family: Agavaceae Rosette shaped 6 to 15 across Leaves are generally fibrous, stiff Some have beautiful leaf imprints Marginal teeth Most are monocarpic, dying after sending out a tall flower spike Flower spike may have thousands of tiny flowers Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 13 AGAVE PLANTS A. victoriae reginae A. Blue Glow A. attenuata A. filifera Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 14 A. Americana marginata A. shawii A. tequiliana Family: Asphodelaceae Range in size from 1 to species Rosette shape common but leaves grow from the center rather than unfurl Leaves are soft, non fibrous Annual orange or yellow flowers not monocarpic Flower spike with tubular blooms, long lasting and showy Rolls Royce of healing plants Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #

6 ALOE PLANTS A. cameronii A. polyphylla A striata A. nobilis A. aristata A. vera A. arborescens Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 16 Family: Euphorbiaceae Diverse plant appearance but flowers alike Some insignificant flowers and showy bracts All plant parts contain milky latex which may be simply allergenic or may be a virulent poison African euphorbias resemble American cactus Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 17 EUPHORBIA PLANTS E. flananganii E. continifolia E. characias E. tirucalli E. ingins E. trigona E. pulcherimma Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 E. milii E. genoudia E. obesa 6

7 EUPHORBIA FLOWERS Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 19 Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 20 Succulents are not a genus or species but just a common name for plants with juicy stems, roots and/or leaves Cacti can be distinguished from other succulent plants by the presence of small cushion-like structures (areoles) from which, in almost all species, spines arise, as do flowers, branches, and leaves (when present). Merriam Webster Dictionary Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #

8 Family: Cactaceae 100+ genera and species Characterized by areoles, small spot like cushions or budding organs 3, 5, 10, or tens of cactus spines arise from each areole Usually no leaves Beautiful flowers Spines provide protection from predators Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 22 CACTUS Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 23 Ferrocactus cylindraceus. Family: Crassulaceae Genera, species (differing data) Fleshy leaves typically arranged in rosettes or in symmetrical opposite pairs Nectar flowers Varied range of leaf shapes, size and textures Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #

9 CRASSULA PLANTS -- AEONIUMS A. arboreum A. Arboreum Purple Rose A. Blushing Beauty A. glandulosum A. tabuliforme A. Zwartkop A. Cabernet A. kiwi A. kiwi Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 25 A. Starburst A. Cyclops A. haworthii CRASSULA PLANTS - ECHEVERIAS E. Doris Taylor E. Topsy Turv y E. Black Prince E. Curlylocks E. Agavoides Lipstick Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 26 E. Teardrop E. Imbricata CRASSULA PLANTS - OTHERS Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #

10 Different plants have similar form or behavior despite being from different areas No explanation for the similarity that doesn t come from a common ancestor Adapt to the similar environment Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 28 Ocotillo From Baja and SW USA Alluaudia from Madagasgar Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 29 BEFORE Phot os cour t esy of Laura Eubanks AFTER Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #

11 BEFORE AFTER Phot os courtesy of Laura Eubanks Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 31 Tallest plants in the rear Shortest plants in the front Sun/shade/wind/north or south, east or west Scale sizes to the property Remember that some grow BIG, others stay small Use boulders, rocks and gravel to enhance the theme Don t replace a flat lawn with flat plants. Use mounds, hills or art to provide visual level changes Super easy to propagate Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 32 PROPAGATING STEMS A: Pinching out: creates growth for multiple cuttings or multi-headed plant. It forces side stems. Throw the top away. B: Optimal for creating a new plant from the top part and forcing new shoots from the stem. C: Deadheading: the top will root easily and the stem most likely won t. D: Creates a longer stem but takes much longer to establish roots. Stem will likely wither E: Cutting here makes the head work harder to get established. Lower stem will likely die. Courtesy of Leslie Crawford Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #

12 PROPAGATING LEAF SUCCULENTS Cut off a piece of the succulent just above a leaf on the stem Place the leaves on top of fairly dry soil. Spray with water occasionally. In 5-7 weeks they should be ready to plant. Cover the roots with some soil and be patient. Not all leaves will thrive Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 34 Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 35 BLUE Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #

13 RED Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 37 SILVER/GRAY Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #16 38 GREEN Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #

14 Time to tour San Diego Botanic Garden Linda Stewart Master Gardener Class #