January. Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat. Ceratozamia mexicana. Mexican Horncone

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1 Ceratozamia mexicana Mexican Horncone Ceratozamia mexicana, or Mexican Horncone, is a cycad and just one of two species in the genus Ceratozamia. Trunks of this species will with great age reach up to 4-6 feet (almost 2 m) tall and about 12 inches (60 cm) in diameter. The whorled pinnate leaves are erect and spreading to 9 feet (2.7 m) long. The plant is essentially unchanged since the Mesozoic Era and is a primitive seed plant. I estimate our specimen to be about 70 years old. They are very slow growers and are hardy in the landscape in USDA zone Plants are either female or male. Seeds are borne on modified, scale-like armed leaves which densely group together to form large cones. With this species and most cycads, the female will produce cones without pollination, but the seed will not mature or have embryos. Our plant produces a cone every year but we do not have a male plant to cross it with. (If you know where we can obtain pollen, please let us know!) Ceratozamia mexicana needs light shade with a well drained soil mix. Ceratozamia mexicana is propagated by the removal of offsets and from seed. January

2 Sedum sp. Sedum sp. is a small evergreen sedum species. I received a small cutting several years ago and it did not have a species name with it, so I am not sure of the species of this one. In any case, plants grow to only 2-3 inches (5-7.5 cm) in height with attractive bluish green leaves that are 1/4 inch (7 mm) long that cover the plant. In the greenhouse, it is a fast grower and forms very dense clumps. Over two years, our plants have spread over 2 feet (60 cm), forming a wonderful groundcover in containers underneath our larger cacti and succulents. This species blooms in late spring to early summer. Very small flowers cover the plant. It is showy whether in bloom or just as a groundcover. Sedum sp. needs full sun to light shade or very high interior lighting with a well drained soil mix. In the greenhouse, we use a soil mix of 1 part peat moss to 2 parts loam to 2 parts coarse sand. Plants are well watered and allowed to dry thoroughly before watering again, fertilized twice during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer. Since we use this plant as a groundcover with cacti and cold hardy succulents, winter nighttime temperatures fall to 48 F (9 C). During this period we water very little-- only enough to keep the leaves from shriveling. Sedum sp. is very easily propagated from cuttings or division of larger clumps. February

3 Pleiospilos nelii Split Rock Pleiospilos nelii or Split Rock is a clump plant, forming stemless leaves resembling rocks. This perennial succulent is native to South African deserts. The opposite, globe-shaped leaves are dark grey-green with many conspicuous raised dark dots. Leaves will reach up to 2 inches (5 cm) long and wide. Plants are easy to grow and very showy when in flower. Plants are hardy to 23 F (-5 C), blooming soon after the winter dormancy period. Pleiospilos nelii need full sun to light shade w/ very well-drained soil. Containers should be at least 5 in (12.5 cm) deep to hold the long tap root. Very little water is needed and we never fertilize the plants. Too much water and they rot. Plants are propagated by division in early spring but prefer being crowed to flower. 1 March

4 Opuntia humifusa Opuntia humifusa is a prostrate spreading cactus with fibrous roots native from Massachusetts to Montana, south to Florida and west to Texas. It is very easy to grow in the landscape or in containers, blooming in late spring to early summer. When blooming, the cactus is adorned with 3-4 inch ( cm) yellow flowers. Purple fruit 2 inches (5 cm) long follow the flowers. They are very showy in bloom. Opuntia humifusa need full sun to light shade and a well drained soil mix. I have seen this cactus grow in almost every soil type imaginable, from heavy clays to pure sand. In the greenhouse, we use a soil mix consisting of equal parts of loam and sand. The plants are well watered and allowed to dry thoroughly before watering again, fertilized only once during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer. During the winter months, they are placed in a cold room and cacti are only watered enough to keep the joints from shriveling. Opuntia humifusa is very easily propagated from cuttings April Norman, OK All rights reserved.

5 Dahlia 'Mystery Day' Dahlia 'Mystery Day' is a hybrid perennial grown from tuberous roots. Dahlias are native to Mexico, where they are the national flower. Their tubers have been used as food by the Aztecs, and flowers have remained popular for decoration. Mystery Day has dark green leaves, that reach 3 feet (0.9 m) tall with equal spread. Dahlias are hardy in USDA zones In zones 3-7, tubers need to be lifted in the fall. In the greenhouse, they make great cut flower material from May till late fall. Plants need full sun to light shade with rich moist soil. Tubers are placed at a depth of 3 inches and kept moist but not overly wet. If you have a fairly rich soil, fertilizer is not needed if you use bone when the tubers are planted. In the fall, I lift the tubers and let them air dry after being washed off. The tubers are placed in slightly moist peat moss for winter storage May

6 Malva sylvestris - Common Mallow Malva sylvestris var mauritiana or Common Mallow, is a perennial to sometimes biennial plant native to Europe and Western Asia. In colder areas, it is often treated as an annual. Plants will reach up to 3 feet (1 m) tall in the landscape, but remain much smaller in containers. Since Roman times, mallow has been respected as a medicinal plant and a foodstuff. It was considered a cure all for its gentle purgative action, which was thought to rid the body of diseases. The plants are very easy to cultivate and are hardy in the landscape in USDA zone 6-9. Plants need full sun to light shade with a moist, well drained soil mix. In the greenhouse, we use a soil mix of 2 parts peat moss to 2 parts loam to 1 part sand or perlite. Blooming occurs from mid spring to late summer. Very showy! Plants are well watered and allowed to dry slightly before watering again, fertilized monthly with a balanced fertilizer. Common mallow is best propagated from seed, which germinate in 7-14 d. It is best to sow where you want it to grow June

7 Oryza sativa Hybrid Rice Oryza sativa ssp. japonica var. 'Katy' is a hybrid rice developed by Dr. Karen Moldenhaur at the University of Arkansas that has been a research subject in Dr. Russell's lab for the past 3 years. Domesticated rice is the most important plant crop in the world. Plants reach 6 feet (1.8 m) tall in containers and are monocarpic annuals. Slender leaves will be anywhere from inches ( cm) long. Plants are fairly easy to grow, but one needs to watch nutrient levels carefully and water levels on the plants are critical. Plants bloom in late summer to early fall producing numerous small flowers in panicles, which are highly branched pendulous inflorescences. Plants need full sun with a rich wet soil mix. Plants are grown from seed, about 20 seeds per 6 inch pot, and are kept moist. When plants are 3 weeks old they are transplanted to 5 gallon buckets without drain holes. After 2 wks in the buckets, we start to flood the plants. The water level is brought to about 6-10 inches above the soil level. If nutrient levels are good in the soil then there few problems arise with growing the plants, although they are sensitive to mite infestations and fertilizer adjustments. Plants can become chlorotic if nutrient levels fall. Rice is best propagated from seed. Seed will germinate in 7-14 d July Norman, OK All rights reserved.

8 Zinnia elegans - Zinnia hybrids Zinnia elegans hybrids are fast growing annuals whose original species are native to Mexico. Zinnias today have a myriad of colors & flower forms with heights ranging from 8 inches (20 cm) to 3 feet (~1 m) tall. All forms have a common leaf shape of ovate, lanceolate, or oblong. In the greenhouse, we use zinnias for our "Plant Care and Cultivation" classes and for IPM (Integrated Pest Management) experiments for Ecology class. Their ease in cultivation gives student fast flowering from seed. In the greenhouse, plants will bloom all year long. Zinnia elegans hybrids need full sun to light shade with a rich well-drained soil mix. In the greenhouse, we use a soil mix of 2 pts peat moss to 1 pt loam to 1 pt sand or perlite. Zinnias are fairly drought tolerant-- less so in containers. Zinnia elegans hybrids are best propagated from seed. Seed germinates in 7-14 d after sowing. 1 2 August Norman, OK73019 All rights reserved.

9 Disocactus alatus A Hanging Cactus Disocactus alatus (=Pseudorhipsalis alata) is an epiphytic hanging cactus native to Jamaica. The pendulous, flattened stems will reach up to 16 feet (3-4 m) in length & 1-2 in (2.5-5 cm) wide. They are very fast growers and make attractive basket plants. An advanced cactus, it has occupied an ecological niche in the rainforest, lost its spines, and uses its flattened stems for photosynthesis. Small flowers abundantly form along the edges of the stems making it very showy. Disocactus alatus need partial to full shade, with a moist, well-drained soil mix. We use a soil mix of 3 pts peat moss to 1 pt coarse sand, with small bark chips added to increase drainage. Plants are kept moist and fertilized on a weekly basis. Since they are vigorous growers, they outgrow most baskets within a year's time. During winter months, plants are grown on the dry side and temperatures are dropped to 50 F (10 C). Plants are propagated from cuttings or division of older plants or by seed. September

10 Ledebouria socialis Ledebouria socialis is native to South Africa. It is a small plant reaching only 6 inches (15 cm) in height. The plants arise from small reddish bulbs with strap-like leaves that are silver-gray with dark green splotches. It is a very attractive plant in containers and is easy to culture. Plants bloom in winter with very small, greenishwhite flowers. Ledebouria socialis need full sun to partial shade with a well-drained soil mix. We use a soil mix of 1 pt peat moss to 1 pt loam to 2 pts sand or perlite. Plants are allowed to dry thoroughly in between watering. Plants are fertilized on a monthly basis with a balanced fertilizer diluted to ½ the strength recommended on the label. They are very vigorous growers and should be repotted often. Plants are propagated by division at any time of the year. October July

11 Gaillardia pulchella - Indian Blanket Gaillardia pulchella, or Indian Blanket, is an annual flower that the State Wildflower of Oklahoma. Though native to Oklahoma, it also occurs from Virginia to Florida, west to New Mexico, and north to Colorado to Nebraska. Plants are up to 2 feet (60 cm) tall with leaves that reach up to 6 inches (15 cm) long. Mass blooms brighten the landscape in late May to early June and plants are common alongside roads. As members of the sunflower family, blooms are really heads --inflorescences composed of numerous flowers. The orange to reddish petals are the showy ray florets, tipped in yellow. The disc florets are various colors, from yellow to orange to purple-red. November Gaillardia pulchella do best in full sun to light shade with a well drained soil mix. Grown in containers, we use a soil mix of 2:1:1 of peat moss:loam:sand. The plants are well watered and allowed to dry slightly before watering again. Plant seed in Feb

12 Schlumbergera bridgessii Christmas Cactus December Schlumbergera bridgessii or Christmas Cactus, native to Brazil, is a cactus epiphyte with flat-jointed stems. The arching stems reach about 1 foot in height, making it a great hanging basket plant. Flowers are borne at the tips of the arching stems at the start of winter. Plants need an average to warm climate with >62 F (>17 C) at night. Soil should be kept moist during the spring & summer with diffuse light, fertilizing every 2 wk. For buds to form, they require full sun with dry, cool conditions, and shorter days of fall. Schlumbergera bridgessii are propagated by cuttings of the flat-jointed stems inserted in moist sand or vermiculite

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