Soil Management Site Selection, Soil Fertility. Warren Roberts George Kuepper
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1 Soil Management Site Selection, Soil Fertility Warren Roberts George Kuepper
2 Where We re Going Soil Texture and Drainage Site Selection Soil Fertility & ph Fertilizers & Nutrients Later Sessions Soil Biology & Micro-Organisms Compost, Cover Crops and Green Manures Organic Farming
3
4 Commonly Known Soil Types Sandy, Sandy Loam, Loam Light Soil (Not Really) Clay Heavy Soil (Not Really) Sandy Soils are Actually Heavy Clay Soils are Actually Light
5 An Acre of Soil Weighs What? Acre furrow slice Top plow layer over one acre Usually 6-7 inches deep Averages about 2 million lbs
6 Definitions Clay ( mm) Silt ( mm) Sand ( mm) Gravel (>2.00 mm)
7 Pore Space The portion of the soil volume occupied by air and water Ideally half air and half water Very Important for Plant Growth
8 Loose Soil
9 Compacted Soil
10 Pore Space Macro Pore (Large Spaces) Sands Micro Pore (Small Spaces) Clay
11 Loose Loam Soil
12 Compacted Loam Soil
13
14 Water Movement in Soil Gravity Primary force in sandy soils (large pores) Capillary Forces, Osmotic (Suction) Primary force in clay soils (small pores)
15 Aerobic vs Anaerobic
16 Soil Moisture Saturation All pores filled Can become Anaerobic Field Capacity Drainage has ceased Capillary action holds remaining water Micro-pores may be full
17 Soil Moisture at 24 inches
18 Ideal Soil Most Desirable Loam Sandy Loam Loamy Sand Sandy Clay Loam Least Desirable Sand Won t hold water Clay Difficult to work
19 Ideal Soil Well Drained Area Not in a flood plain Not in a low-lying area where water can accumulate Good air drainage Not subject to late spring frosts or early fall frosts Deep Soil Not overlying a rocky base Not overlying a clay base
20 Ideal Organic Soil Not Contaminated from Previous Years Not Contaminated by Neighbors Not Contaminated by Highways, Power Line Right-of-Ways
21 Ideal Soil Easy to Access Easy to Irrigate Easy to Control Predators Deer, Raccoons, Feral Hogs, Coyotes, Humans
22 Ideal Soil Organic Matter
23 Ideal Soil Noble Foundation
24 Ideal Soil Noble Foundation
25 Organic Matter
26 Organic Matter For Whatever the Reason Holds Water Prevents Excess Drying Improves Drainage Prevents Saturation Keeps Soil Aerobic Prevents Runoff Like a Sponge
27 Organic Matter For Whatever the Reason Holds Nutrients Prevents Nutrient Loss Prevents Environmental Contamination
28 Organic Matter For Whatever the Reason Improves Tilth Provides Larger Pore Spaces for Root Growth Allows for AirWater Movement
29 Organic Matter For Whatever the Reason Wonderful
30 Ideal Soil 50% Solid Matter 45% Mineral 5% Organic 50% Pore Space 25% Water 25% Air
31
32 OM (%) Before After
33 Soil Fertility Supplies Nutrients to the Plant for Growth and Development
34 Soil Fertility Essential Plant Nutrients 16 (18) required for plant growth, development, and reproduction Macronutrients: (large quantities used by the plant) Micronutrients: (small quantities used by the plant )
35 Soil Fertility Macro Nutrients Primary Secondary Carbon ( C ) Hydrogen ( H ) Oxygen ( O ) Nitrogen ( N ) Phosphorus ( P ) Potassium ( K ) Kalium Calcium (Ca) Magnesium ( Mg) Sulfur (S )
36 Soil Fertility Micro Iron ( Fe ) Boron ( B ) Copper ( Cu) Chlorine ( Cl ) Manganese ( Mn ) Molybdenum ( Mo) Zinc ( Zn ) Cobalt ( Co ) Nickel ( Ni )
37 Soil Fertility See Hopkins Cafe. Managed by My Cousin, Colonel Mo Cleaver
38 Soil Fertility See Hopkins Cafe. Managed by My Cousin, Colonel Mo Cleaver. CHOPKNS Ca Fe Mg Bo Mn Cu Zn Co Mo Cl Ni
39 ph Definition: Inverse Concentration of Hydrogen Ion Concentration, Expressed in Moles per Liter Practical Definition: Amount of Acid in the Soil ph goes up as H+ concentration goes down VERY Important, but Often Overlooked
40 Soil ph
41 ph and Nutrient Availability
42
43 Lane Agricultural Center - OSU
44 Typical Fertilizer
45 Typical Fertilizer N-P-K (Not Really) Actually N-P2O5-K2O
46 Next Session Soil Sampling and Soil Testing
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