PGR University. BMPs&for&PGRs& 1/18/15. Goals & Other Benefits of PGRs Brian Whipker, NCSU GOALS&AND&OTHER& BENEFITS&OF&PGRS!
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1 Sponsored by: BMPs&for&s& 11:00 to 11:25 Eastern GOALS&AND&OTHER& BENEFITS&OF&S! Brian&Whipker& Floriculture&Extension&and&Research& s&& A"tool"to"make" growing"easier" Gibberellin&()&Metabolic&& Chemical"chain"of"events,"which"leads"to"the" production"of"." Useful to understand how they work to control excessive plant stretch The"hormone"Gibberellin"stimulates"cell" elongation"in"plants." Thus"controlling","controls"excessive" stretching" O CO H CH 2 4 HO H COOH 1
2 &&ClassificaDons& Cell&ElongaDon&Inhibitors& Elongation"Inhibitors" Retard"growth"by" inhibiting"the" production"of"the" hormone"gibberellin"" Therefore"plants"are" shorter"" Growing Tip Influence"cell"expansion" Shoot Apex Cell Expansion New cell Applying increases cell elongation. Cellular&AcDon&(Type&II)& Expansion"(size)"varies" Not$cell$number!" No Balloon Flower with stalled growth (left). Results: Smaller Plants s&which&control&the&&& Chemical) Trade)Names) Ancymidol" Chlormequat" chloride" Daminozide" Fluprimidol" Topflor" Smaller Sized Leaves Paclobutrazol" Uniconazole" Bonzi,"Paczol,"Piccolo,"Piccolo"10C," Downsize"(drenches$only)" Concise,"Sumagic" 2
3 Type&II&s& Group"A" Chloromequat)(Cycocel/Citadel)" Flurprimidol"(Topflor/Cutless)"[pyrimidine]" Paclobutrazol)(Bonzi/Piccolo/Paczol)"[triazole]" Uniconazole"(Sumagic/Concise)"[triazole]" Group"C" Less Growth: Shoots Leaves Roots 12 -aldehyde Ancymidol Paclo s Uni s Flurprimidol Chlormequat Less Growth: Shoots Leaves Roots 12 -aldehyde Less Growth: Shoots Leaves Roots 12 -aldehyde Daminozide Tank Mix: Synergy? Chlormequat Ancymidol Paclobutrazol Uniconazole Flurprimidol Summary:&&& "is"a"plant"hormone"which"influences"cell" elongation." The"Anti@"s"block"the"pathway"and"thus" limit"the"amount"of"cell"elongation." Blockage"point"varies" Synergy"possible"with"multiple"blockage"sites" 12 -aldehyde Daminozide 3
4 How&s&Work& &BMPs& s&offer&a&wide&array&of&plant&growth& management&tools.& Growth&management& Shorter&/&Smaller&Diameter& Taller& Flowering& Improved&plant&architecture/form& Research & & 400 So s improve spacing efficiency (benches and carts) Growth control Chlormequat 12 -aldehyde Ancymidol Paclo Unicon. Topflor Daminozide Christmas Cactus: Sprays (ppm) Sempervivum Green Wheel Increased Chicks So s can improve flowering ppm So s improve quality 4
5 Research Added&benefits& Greener&color& &BMPs& Disease&fighDng&boost& Improved&water&efficacy?& Improved&post&harvest&life?& Improved&nutrient&uDlizaDon?& Research So s improve leaf color and marketability Squalene Lanosterol Campesterol Chloesterol (in fungi) Phytyl Chlorophyll Healthier 12 -aldehyde Greener So s improve disease suppression Growth control Added&benefits& Greener&color& &BMPs& Disease&fighDng&boost& Improved&water&efficacy?& Improved&post&harvest&life?& Improved&nutrient&uDlizaDon?& Do&s&Improve&Water&Use&Efficiency?& Series of studies conducted at NC State University by Iftikhar Ahmad, Brian Whipker, and John Dole 5
6 Phaseic Acid Abscisic Acid Water Use Paclobutrazol Effect on Total Water Use by Zinnia& -32.9% y = 0.19x2-1.27x R² = % -43.7% 12 -aldehyde Data source: Ahmad, Whipker and Dole, NCSU Research Plant height change (%) Water Use and Growth Control Zinnia Plant height change Total water use change Paclobutrazol concentration (mg a.i.) Total water use change (%) Water&Use& &applicadons&at&concentradons&suitable&for& greenhouse&producdon,&decreased&water&use& by&33%.& As&a&general&rule,&the&percentage&control&of& plant&growth&equals&the&percentage&decrease&of& water&use.& So s improve water use efficiency Water&Use:&Landscape&PlanDngs& With&less&water&use,&plants&have&an&extended& Dme&unDl&wilt,&which&helps&improve& establishment&in&the&landscape.& Phaseic Acid Abscisic Acid Tougher 12 -aldehyde 6
7 Post-Harvest Research Effect&of&Piccolo&10C&on& Magellan&Pink &zinnia&growth& and&post^harvest&quality&a_er&simulated&shipping.& Do&s&Improve&Shipping&Shelf&Life?& Piccolo& Conc&(mg& a.i.)& Plant& Height& Plant& Diameter& Storage& Height& Change& Leaf&Color& Days&UnLl& First&Wilt& Days&UnLl& Second& Wilt& 0& 32.6&a& 29.7&a& 5.8& 4.0&c& 3.8&d& 2.3&d& 0.5& 20.8&b& 22.7&b& 2.6& 4.6&b& 6.4&c& 3.4&c& 1.0& 18.1&c& 21.1&c& 2.2& 5.0&a& 7.7&b& 4.3&b& 2.0& 16.3&d& 18.7&d& 2.1& 5.0&a& 8.4&a& 5.3&a& <0.0001& <0.0001& <0.0001& <0.0001& <0.0001& Data source: Ahmad, Whipker and Dole, NCSU Post-Harvest Research Post-Harvest: Ethylene Research Effect&of&Piccolo&10C&on& Magellan&Pink &zinnia&growth& and&post^harvest&quality&a_er&simulated&shipping.& Piccolo& Conc&(mg& a.i.)& Plant& Height& Plant& Diameter& Storage& Height& Change& Leaf&Color& Days&UnLl& First&Wilt& Days&UnLl& Second& Wilt& 0& 32.6&a& 29.7&a& 5.8& 4.0&c& 3.8&d& 2.3&d& 0.5& 20.8&b& 22.7&b& 2.6& 4.6&b& 6.4&c& 3.4&c& 1.0& 18.1&c& 21.1&c& 2.2& 5.0&a& 7.7&b& 4.3&b& 2.0& 16.3&d& 18.7&d& 2.1& 5.0&a& 8.4&a& 5.3&a& <0.0001& <0.0001& <0.0001& <0.0001& <0.0001& &&&Ethylene& No& Ethylene& &&&&0&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&1&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&2&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&4& Piccolo&10C&(mg&a.i.)& Data source: Ahmad, Whipker and Dole, NCSU Data source: Ahmad, Whipker and Dole, NCSU Post^Harvest:&Ethylene& &applicadons&did¬&offset&the&negadve& effects&of&exogenousðylene&exposure.& During&simulated&shipping,&s&aid&plants&in:& retaining&dark&green&leaf&color,&and&& flower&retendon& Do&s&Improve&Nutrient&Use& Efficiency?& So s improve shipping quality 7
8 Nutrient&Use&Efficiency& Nutrient Use Efficiency Research Osteospermum& experiment&with& Bonzi&drenches&(25& ppm&early&+&1&ppm& late).&&& Only&3&plants&of&each& treatment&analyzed& for&nutrient&levels.&& &&&&0&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&25+1& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Bonzi&(ppm)& Effect&of&&drenches&on&plant&shoot&nutrient&concentraDon.& Element& Conc.& Untreated& Control& Conc.& Bonzi&Drench& Percent& Change& N&%& 4.59& 7.74& 162& P&%& 0.34& 0.52& 152& K&%& 2.29& 3.22& 140& Dry&Wt&(g)& 13.0& 6.2& 48& Bonzi drench of 25 ppm early and 1 ppm added after the chilling period. Nutrient Use Efficiency Effect&of&&drenches&on&plant&shoot&nutrient&concentraDon.& Element& Conc.& Untreated& Control& Conc.& Bonzi&Drench& Percent& Change& N&%& 4.59& 7.74& 162& P&%& 0.34& 0.52& 152& K&%& 2.29& 3.22& 140& Dry&Wt&(g)& 13.0& 6.2& 48& Research Nutrient&UDlizaDon& &applicadons&resulted&in&a&higher& concentradon&of&nutrients&in&the&plant.& Thus&can&ferDlizaDon&level&be&dropped&by&23^33%&to& obtain&the&similar&growth&results?& Other macro- and micro-elements responded in a similar fashion. So appears s improve nutrient use efficiency Questions Coming Up Next: 11:30 to 11:55 Eastern How Anti- s Work Brian&Whipker& Time& Topic& 12:00&to&12:30& Branching&Agents& 12:30&to&12:55& Lunch&Break& 8
GA (Gibberellic Acid) Metabolic Pathway
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