Reducing insec+cide inputs for SWD management in berries
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1 Reducing insec+cide inputs for SWD management in berries Jimmy Klick 1*, Wei Q. Yang 1, Amy J. Dreves 1, Vaughn M. Walton 1, Jana C. Lee 2, Denny J. Bruck 2** 1 Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USDA- ARS, HCRU, Corvallis, OR ** Currently at: DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, IA * klickj@hort.oregonstate.edu
2 Current Drosophila suzukii management challenges ApplicaMon difficulmes Preharvest and Restricted Entry Intervals Aerial sprays Fruit knockdown High producmon costs Broad spectrum insecmcides DisrupMon of current IPM programs Environmental impact
3 Residual mortality of adults to treated leaf surfaces (2010) Percent D. suuzukii adult mortality 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% A Entrust Assail G A ABC ABCDE A A BCDEF CDEFG DEFG EFG Control Malathion Delegate EFG G GF G GF Days Post InsecMcide ApplicaMon A Mustang Max ABCD Bruck et al. 2011
4 Other management possibili+es Biological control SanitaMon Mass trapping Timely harvest Reduced pesmcide applicamons Alternate row sprays Border sprays Hull and Beers 1985
5 Alternate Row Sprays Peaches Conotrachelus nenuphar (Plum curculio) McVay et al Apples Various pests Increased natural enemy:prey ramo 95% PA apples using AR Hull et al Sour cherries Various pests Edson et al. 1998
6 Efficacy of alternate row sprays in raspberries Alternate row sprays Objec+ves: Every row sprays 1. Efficacy of alternate row sprays 2. Effect on secondary pests and natural enemies
7 Materials and Methods Block 1 Block acres Saanich raspberries RCBD (3 blocks) Block m 18 ACV traps per treatment ½ of each cane- row untreated in alt. row sprays Legend: = Every- row spray = Alternate- row spray = Non- target arthropods = Adults and larval SWD Airblast sprayer (75 gal/a)
8 Spray Schedule Overview (2012) Mean days between sprays 16.4 Days to spray one treatment 4.3 (2-6days) Number of sprays 2-3
9 Total adults Total larvae Adult and larval abundance are similar in alternate row and every row sprays Mustang Max First Harvest Delegate Alternate row spray Mustang Max Every row spray Last Harvest 0
10 Blueberries
11 Blueberries Crop We hypothesize they overwinter in surrounding areas of wild Himalayan blackberry and invade the crop.
12 Border Sprays Peaches Grapholitha molesta (Oriental fruit moth) Trimble et al Apples Conotrachelus nenuphar (Plum curculio) Chouinard et al. 1992, Vincent et al. 1997, 1999 Cydia pomonella (Codling moth) and Rhagole:s pomonella (apple maggot) Trimble and Solymar 1997, Trimble and Vickers 2000 Increased natural enemies of leafminers van Driesche et al Sour cherries Various pests Edson et al Blueberries Rhagole:s mendax (blueberry maggot) Collins and Drummond 2002
13 Efficacy of border sprays in Liberty blueberries Border sprays Objec+ves: 1. Efficacy of border sprays 2. Fruit knockdown 3. Non- target organisms Cover sprays
14 Materials and Methods Wheat field Cover Border Border Cover Blueberries Blueberries Block 1 Blueberries Block 2 Wheat field 330 l 1.8 miles Block3 Blueberries Cover Blueberries Border Blueberries = Himalayan blackberries 60 acres of non- mature (4-5 years old) untrellised Liberty blueberries RCBD (3 blocks)
15 Border spray plot Parameters measured Border sprayed area (50 l spray swath) Non- target monitoring Apple cider vinegar D. Suzukii trap Cover spray plot Cover sprayed area Fruit knockdown 24 traps per treatment inside field border and interior 50 l border spray swath into field QuanMfied fruit knockdown from cannon sprayer and trellis sprayer, adult and larval SWD, and pre- and post- harvest non- target arthropods
16 Season Overview (2012) Treatment # of sprays Mean days between sprays Mean days to spray a block # of harvests Mean days between harvests Border spray Cover spray 4 to 5* 9.4 (7-12) (7-16) 3 (0-9) *Block 3 did not get a 5 th spray (shorter harvest season due to low vigor)
17 Adult abundance appear similar in blueberry border spray and cover sprays Total Adults Lannate 1 st Harvest Mustang Max 2 nd Harvest Imidan 3 rd Harvest Mustang Max Mustang Max 4 th Harvest Border Spray b c 5 0 7/2 7/9 7/16 7/23 7/30 8/6 8/13 8/20 8/27 9/3 Cover Spray *4 larvae found in one of the border spray blocks on last day of harvest
18 Quan+fying fruit knockdown Weed mat Collected Fruit Plant Row Alley
19 Economic Analysis Sprayer fruit knockdown appears greater in cover sprays 60 lbs/a (mean ± S.E.) fruit knockdown Border Spray Benefits of border spraying 87% less fruit knockdown from sprayers 70% reducmon in spray area 12- fold decrease in applicamon Mme Saved the grower about $320 per hectare Cover Spray *Effect on pre- and post- harvest populamons of non- target arthropods smll being determined
20 Conclusions and Future Work Border sprays and alternate row sprays appear equally as effecmve as cover sprays Reduces producmon costs The effect on non- target organisms is smll being determined Studies will be repeated and sites added in 2013
21 Thank you: Amanda Lake Amelia Thornhill Scoq Shane Kelly Donahue Bev Thomas Adam Cave Joe Kleiber Dave Edwards Dani Lightle Molly Albrecht Jesse Mitchell Jesse Mindolovich Jeff Wong ChrisMna Fieland Danielle Sellack CollaboraMng Growers Jacto Inc. SCRI Western SARE GW OR Blueberry Commission
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