Cucumber. De Frietas, Cassie Elowe, Michael Flowers, Nicholas Kemp- Greenhood, and Jamie Morse

Transcription

1 Cucumber Luis Mejia, Kayla Childers, Leandro De Frietas, Cassie Elowe, Michael Flowers, Nicholas Kemp- Greenhood, and Jamie Morse Cucumbers Cucurbitaceae In the lab, we worked with European and Beit Alpha types of cucumbers (as well as a miniature variety which was treated as a Beit Alpha) 1

2 In this lab we all learned about the proper management systems and practices These are important practices to learn so that we can stay up-to-date with the rapidly changing times This also helped us to predict possible problems we could encounter on a commercial level Keep our lab practices efficient and affordable We learned the best ways to counter these possible problems The key is to learn proper techniques for all management practices and growing systems Learned About: IPM, Fertilization, BMP, Dosatron, FertiMix, Pruning techniques, Soilless media, Sanitation, Harvesting produce(ketable, unk.), EC, ph, Diseases, profitability, Beneficials, Trelising, structure location and function 2

3 European varieties Varieties used: Logica and Cao Fruit is inches long and 1.5 to 2 inches wide Seedless, parthenocarpic and gynoecious Beit Alpha Varieties used: Manar and Jawell; the miniature/snack variety was Nun 9747 Fruit is 4-6 inches long, 1 inch wide (snack was slightly shorter) Thin skinned Seedless, parthenocarpic and gynoecious 3

4 1. Production system 1. Varieties Manar 1 : Jawell 1 : Nun 9747 (snack) 1 : Logica 2 : Cao 2 : 1. Beit Alpha 2. European 4

5 How they were grow? Pine b Perlite Pots Setup The cucumbers were transplanted into 12 liter plastic nursery pots filled with perlite or pine b media. For each variety, we had three plants in perlite media and three in pine b. Plants were irrigated through a dripline fed by the Dosatron system. 5

6 Training and trellising The support wire was about three meters off the ground, and was a more permanent installation ti in the greenhouse. Spools of string were hung from the support wire, to act as a trellis for the vines to be trained onto. There was one spool per plant. Small plastic clips were used to attach the taut strings to the base of the plants. As the plants grew, the vines and strings were wound around each other, and secured with plastic clips approximately every two feet. Pruning the European Varieties The goal with the European varieties was to encourage the main stem to grow. At every growth point along the vine, the new branches (or suckers) were removed, leaving just the leaf and the flower or fruit. For health and fruit quality reasons, all flowers and suckers were removed from the bottom three nodes. 6

7 Pruning the Beit Alpha Varieties On the Beit Alphas (and the 'snack' cucumber), the suckers were allowed to grow until the first node of flower or fruit set, after wich it was pruned. As with the European varieties, the flowers and suckers were removed from the bottom three nodes of the plant. 2. Growth and plant data 7

8 cm Snack height Snack Perlite Snack Pine B 0 1/24 1/31 2/07 2/14 2/21 2/28 3/06 3/13 3/20 3/27 cm Logica height Logica Perlite Logica Pine B 0 1/24 1/31 2/07 2/14 2/21 2/28 3/06 3/13 3/20 3/27 8

9 cm Manar height Manar Perlite Manar Pine B 0 1/24 1/31 2/07 2/14 2/21 2/28 3/06 3/13 3/20 3/27 cm Jawell height Jawell Perlite Jawell Pine B 1/24 1/31 2/07 2/14 2/21 2/28 3/06 3/13 3/20 3/27 9

10 cm Cao height Cao Perlite Cao Pine B 0 1/24 1/31 2/07 2/14 2/21 2/28 3/06 3/13 3/20 3/27 3. Media performance 10

11 kg Unketable cucumbers (kg) Perlite Pine Perlite Pine Perlite Pine Perlite Pine Perlite Pine B B B B B Snack Logica Manar Jawell Cao kg Metable cucumbers (kg) Perlite Pine Perlite Pine Perlite Pine Perlite Pine Perlite Pine B B B B B Snack Logica Manar Jawell Cao 11

12 Metable cucumbers (fruits) Perlite Pine Perlite Pine Perlite Pine Perlite Pine Perlite Pine B B B B B Snack Logica Manar Jawell Cao Unketable cucumbers (fruits) Perlite Pine Perlite Pine Perlite Pine Perlite Pine Perlite Pine B B B B B Snack Logica Manar Jawell Cao 12

13 3. Insect / disease / Nutrition Insects Thrips Whiteflies: Bemisia tabaci Two-Spotted Spider Mites 13

14 Two-Spotted Spider Mites Tetranychus urticae Koch. Infesting over 200 species of plants. Feed underneath the leaves and cause graying due to mesophyll collapse and yellowing. Have needle-like piercing-sucking mouthparts. Small chlorotic spot forms Diseases Common name: Downy mildew Genus: Pseudoperonospora cubensis Symptoms: Angular, yellow spots on leaf surface bounded by vains Optimum: Moist weather & wide range of temperatures Tiny black pycnidia 14

15 Flower and fruit abortion Stress related. Too many flowers are allowed to develop in relation to the number of leaves. Heavy de-leafing. Flower pale color (low phosphorus levels) Scouting report CUCUMBERS Feb-21 Feb-28 Mar-06 Mar-13 Mar-20 Mar-27 Physical problems Fruit abortion Low Mod High Insects Spider Mites (adults) Low Mod Mod-high V. High V. High V. High Sp. Mite colonies - Small Colonies Large V. Large V. Large Diseases Downy mildew Low* Low-Mod** Moderate High VHigh*** V. VHigh V. Beneficials - Seen Seen Seen Seen Seen * Lower leaves in Europeans ** Low (alphas) - Mod (Europeans) *** Leaves with disease were pruned 15

16 Fungicide program Next Fungice Sprayed spray Family Active ingredient on (days) Leaves with Quadris 14-Feb 7 Strobilurins Azoxystrobin Nova 21-Feb 7disease Triazole Myclobutanil Quadris 28-Feb 9 were Strobilurins Azoxystrobin Aliette 8-Mar 6pruned Phosphonate Fosetyl-aluminium Previcur 14-Mar 3* Carbamate ate Propamocarb oca hydrochloride o de Aliehe 17-Mar 4* Phosphonate Fosetyl-aluminium Previcur 21-Mar Last Carbamate Propamocarb hydrochloride * Higher disease pressure Beneficials Beneficial Pest Product name Neoseiulus californicus Mites Neoseiulus californicus Aphidius colemani Aphids Aphipar Amblyseius swirskii Thrips Swirskii mite sachets Amblyseius swirskii Whiteflies Swirskii mite sachets Erectmorecerus mundus Whiteflies Bemipar Encasia formosa & Whiteflies Enermix Erectmorecerus eremicus Whiteflies Enermix 16

17 Nutrition Low in Saturated Fat, Cholesterol, and Sodium High in Vitamin C, Vitamin K, Potassium, Vitamin A, Pantothenic Acid, Magnesium, Phosphorus and Manganese Started off from first flower to first harvest mix Dosatron tanks Phos.acid :3.3pts kcl:1 gallon mgso4: 12lb kno3 : 6lb nh4no3 :1lb cuso4 4 :10g mnso4 :35g znso4 :10g solubar :40g namo : 2g 17

18 3. Harvest data Harvest data Techniques Picked at larger size After picked, leaves were removed Size picked on keting judgment 18

19 19 Cucumber harvesting (fruit number) M M M M M M M M M M Perlite Pine B Perlite Pine B Perlite Pine B Perlite Pine B Perlite Pine B Snack Logica Manar Jawell Cao Cucumber harvesting (kg) 8.00 kg Ma Ma Ma Ma Ma Ma Ma Ma Ma Ma Perlite Pine B Perlite Pine B Perlite Pine B Perlite Pine B Perlite Pine B Snack Logica Manar Jawell Cao

20 Question s? 20