Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Strategies For Greenhouse Hydroponic Production of Berry Crops. An Alternative Pest-Pective

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1 Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Strategies For Greenhouse Hydroponic Production of Berry Crops. An Alternative Pest-Pective Wade Mann 2015 Australian Nuffield Farming Scholar

2 Thank-you to my investor Nuffield Australia

3 Why Integrated Pest Management for Greenhouse Berry Crops?

4 1. Researchers What was my plan of attack for this study topic? With Harriet Roberts, Lucozade Ribena, PUB UK With Mick Gaffney from TEAGASC Ireland With Dr Linda Field, Rotherhamsted Sjef van ber Steen, Wageningen Dr Eamonn Kehoe, TEAGASC Ireland

5 What was my plan of attack for this study topic continued. 2. Suppliers / Breeders Koppert, Netherlands Driscolls, California, USA Bayer CropScience, Davis, USA Plant Health Cure, Netherlands Antonnio Bermudo of Fall Creek, Spain UC Davis, USA

6 What was my plan of attack for this study topic continued 3. Growers Oakberry, New Zealand Sunshine Fruit, Portugal Anthony Snell, Herefordshire, UK Onuba Fruit, Spain Keelings, Ireland Kearns Fruit, Ireland Driscoll s, California, USA Castleton, Scotland

7 Physical controls Greenhouse structures Covers Ventilation Screens Heating Cooling Floor covers Raised growing benches Hoogstraten, Belgium Turners & Growers,New Zealand PC Fruit, Belgium Onuba Fruit,Spain

8 Natural physical controls Banker plants Indicator and trap plants Companion plants Nature strips Borage in tunnel production of blueberries in NSW, Australia. Banker plant in glasshouse strawberries in Ireland Nature strip outside tunnel Production of raspberries in Huelva, Spain. Trap plant in greenhouse blueberries NSW, Australia Nature strip outside tunnel Production of raspberries in Algarve, Portugal.

9 Cultural controls Propagation material Plant nutrition Water management Growing media Crop maintenance Genetics and resistance Hygiene Sanitation Biosecurity Sterilization Site selection Greenhouse orientation Belgium Netherlands Netherlands

10 Biological controls Types of Biological Control Agents (BCA s) targeting insect pests only:- Predators Parasitoids Parasitic nematodes Haygrove, Ledbury,UK Haygrove, Ledbury,UK Hoogstraten, Belgium Keelings,Ireland Haygrove, Ledbury,UK

11 Main pest issues for greenhouse berry crops:- Aphids Aphid infestation in blueberry flowers Thrips Thrips damaged blueberry flowers Two-Spotted mite White Fly TSM damage in raspberries

12 Thrips Neoseiulus cucumeris Amblyseius swirskii not present in Australia Transeius montdorensis (AUS) Amblydromalus limonicus not present in Australia Orius laevigatus not present in Australia Orius armatus (AUS) Limonicus being used in Netherlands Monti predating on a thrip Woongarrah, NSW Woongarrah, NSW Woongarrah, NSW

13 Aphids Aphidius colemani, Aphidius matricariae, Aphidius ervi Aphelinus abdominalis Aphidius colemani Chrysopherla carnea not present in Australia Mallada signata Mummified aphids in raspberries in NSW

14 Whitefly Amblyseius swirskii - not present in Australia Transeius montdorensis (AUS) Encarsia formosa Eretmocerus eremicus Nesidiocoris tenuis

15 Two-Spotted Mites Neoseiulus californicus Phytoseiulus persimilis Bulk dispenser at Haygrove, UK

16 Biological chemicals Plant disease target: Hormones and growth regulators Enzymes and vitamins Pest insect target: Pheromones/semiochemicals Growth regulators Plant disease target: Vegetable oils Plant extracts Pest insect target: Neem oil Pyrethrum Strawberry infected with botrytis, Ireland. Microbial agents Fungi: Apelomyces quisqualis Bacteria: Bacillus subtilus Entomopathogenic fungi: Beauvaria Bacteria: Bacillus thuringiensis

17 Strawberry deformity likely due to Lygus bug feeding. Cosmetic damage to strawberries by Lygus bug. Above: Nymph stage of Lygus bug Below: Adult Lygus bug. Lygus bug killed by Beauveria bassiana Source: Surendra K. Dara Strawberries & Vegetables Blog

18 Entomovectoring

19 Chemical Controls

20 Unexpected observations: Trichomes Pollen supplements Auto-dissemination Reduction in number of instars in protected crops Spotted Wing Drosophilia has inadvertently lead to increase in hygiene protocols Gene editing of insects With Nikki Jennings (Berry Breeder) of James Hutton Institute, Scotland. With Anthony Pearce of RealIPM UK

21 Key learnings: Timing Balance More focus on plant disease biocontrol agents required Biologicals need to be competitively priced Controlled release sachets CRS Sachets in Netherlands Bio-stimulants

22 Thank-you the Japanese Ninja s

23 Thank-you The 3 Musketeers

24 Thank-you The 3 Musketeers

25 And Bio-stimulants Bio-fungicides Bio-pesticides Bio-fertilizers

26 Contact Details: For more information please contact:- Wade Mann Roses 2 Go Pty Ltd Mobile: (0404) wademann125@gmail.com

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