PEST IDENTIFICATION. PMA 4570/6228 Lab 2 June 29, 2017
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1 PEST IDENTIFICATION PMA 4570/6228 Lab 2 June 29, 2017
2 Steps towards a successful IPM program 1. Correct identification 2. Monitoring 3. Economic thresholds 4. Choice of optimum pest control option
3 Pests Pest organism that interferes with the availability, quality, or value of a managed resource; conflicts with human needs or values Key perennial pest, causes major losses Secondary minor pest, kept in check by natural enemies Occasional infrequent damage
4 Insects as Pests ~1,000,000 species of insects have been described ~1% (10,000) could be considered serious (key) pests ~1,000 occasional pests > $40 bill on pesticides worldwide, $12 bill in US This does not include costs for cultural or biological control practices!!
5 Injury vs. Damage Injury the affect of pest activities on the host Bites, feeding, stings, vectors of disease Direct or Indirect injury Damage the monetary loss as a result of pest injury
6 Direct Injury Injury caused to the marketable parts of the crop Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea feeding on sweet corn Pickleworm, Diaphania nitidalis feeding in squash Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Tomato spotted wilt virus CAB International J. Thomas
7 Indirect Injury Injury caused to the non-marketable parts of the crop Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Blueberry leaf beetle, Colaspis pseudofavosa Umn.edu Flea beetle Melon aphids on squash, Aphis gossypii
8 The wealth of information gained from correct pest identification Life cycle - damaging life stages, life span, growth requirements Injury symptoms and when (stage) crop most severely affected Identify natural enemies Understand environmental conditions and management practices that impact the pest Leaf miner on tomato Spider mites
9 Insect Key Features - Wings Elytron Hemelytra Coleoptera Hemiptera
10 Wings Lepidoptera Diptera Hymenoptera Thysanoptera
11 Insect Key Feature - Mouthparts chewing siphoning beak sponging biting Piercing-sucking
12 Pest identification can be complicated!
13 Sexual dimorphism Spotted Wing Drosophila male Spotted Wing Drosophila female Photos by L. Iglesias
14 Same or Different?? Friend or Foe?? Western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) Six-spotted thrips Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Pergande) PEST PREDATOR
15 Same or Different?? Friend or Foe?? Two-spotted spider mites Tetranychus urticae Koch Neoseiulus californicus PEST PREDATOR
16 PEST Same or Different?? Friend or Foe?? Paper wasp Polistes sp. Grape root borer Vitacea polistiformis (Harris) PREDATOR, POLLINATOR, PEST
17 Same or Different?? Friend or Foe?? Spider mite injury on bean plant Zucchini yellow mosaic virus on pumpkin PEST PEST
18 Correct Pest ID Wrong pest ID Incorrect information on biology and ecology Wrong choice of strategy Unnecessary/ineffective action taken Worst Case Scenario: Pesticide applied that does not kill the target pest Or a beneficial insect is released but the pest is not the prey or the host Norris et. al 2003
19 Bottom Line Insect taxonomy can be complicated! Get to know your area and your crop(s) Tomato & its pests Whiteflies Thrips Tomato fruit worm Tomato hornworm Spider mites
20 Lab Activity & Practical Exam What you need to know for lab practical: ID by sight to common or scientific name Pest or beneficial? If a pest Damaging life stage Type of damage (direct or indirect) Pest of Specific damage (what part of plant does it feed on) If a beneficial Predator or parasitoid What it attacks, its host
21 Useful Resources UF Entomology and Nematology Dept. arthropod ID resources Pedigo and Rice LP Entomology and Pest Management, 6 th ed. Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ. Metcalf, RL and RA Metcalf Destructive and Useful Insects: Their Habits and Control, 5 th ed. McGraw-Hill. Capinera, J. L Handbook of Vegetable Pests. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. University of Florida, Entomology/Nematology Dept Featured Creatures website. EDIS- Electronic Data Information Source IPM Centers
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