ONLY THE YOUNG DIE GOOD

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1 ONLY THE YOUNG DIE GOOD AND OTHER THINGS TO REMEMBER FOR GOOD MANAGEMENT OF LANDSCAPE INSECTS by Vivienne E. Harris, Ph.D. and Jim Moll

2 HOW TO CATCH EM YOUNG young individuals or young populations Be vigilant. Use your eyes. Get in the habit of checking your plants. Know what normal looks like. Learn the key pest(s) each for each plant

3 OLEANDER CATERPILLARS GOT FAT ON THIS POOR OLEANDER BUSH Eileen Buss

4 Oleander Caterpillar Syntomedia epilais

5 OLEANDER CATERPILLARS ON MANDEVILLA Joanne East

6 OLEANDER CATERPILLARS: First Instars and Empty Eggshells It s when they are this tiny or just a bit bigger that you should try to kill them whether you use a regular insecticide, horticultural spray oil, a blast from the hose, or just your squashing fingers. Eileen Buss

7 These azalea caterpillars are too big to control!

8 Azalea caterpillars So are these and these Azalea Caterpillars

9 Ideally, aim to kill them when they re tiny like these.

10 TOMATO HORNWORM

11 CANNA LEAFROLLERS Long before the canna is damaged to this extent, look for the beginnings of a roll at the edge of a leaf or for the central whorled leaf not unfurling properly. This damage was caused before this tiny guy was laid as an egg, but that s the size larva you should look for

12 CANNA LEAFROLLER Find it and squish it! x Joanne East

13 What Do You Think? Too Early or Too Late to Spray?

14 Too late! Caterpillar already inside of ear Protected from sprays Corn Ear Worm

15 First Signs of Damage

17 TIME YOUR CONTROL AT THESE YOUNG BEETLE GRUBS

18 INSTEAD OF THESE LATE INSTAR BEETLE GRUBS

19 SOOTY MOLD Usually this is when a homeowner notices a problem with the plant! Photo by Dan Culbert

20 SEVERAL TYPES OF INSECTS PRODUCE HONEYDEW APHIDS SOFT SCALES IMMATURE WHITEFLIES MEALYBUGS LEAFHOPPERS And honeydew build-up results in SOOTY MOLD, a sticky, sugary, nutritious substance that the mold grows on

21 ADULT WHITEFLIES AND EGGS

22 COMMON HOST PLANTS FOR WHITEFLIES POINSETTIA HIBISCUS MANDEVILLA ALLAMANDA CREPE MYRTLE GARDENIA SWEET VIBURNUM TOMATOES, MELONS & MANY OTHER FRUITS & VEGETABLES

23 UF/IFAS Whitefly Damage

24 Whiteflies a closer look These are the immature and damaging (plant feeding) stage

25 Asian Cycad Scale

26 Scales on cycad

27 CYCAD SCALE Joanne East

28 Eileen Buss Camellia Leaf with Tea Scale

29 Tea Scales UF/IFAS

30 TESTING FOR LIVING SCALES BY FLICKING WITH FINGERNAIL Joanne East

31 Mealybugs: closely related to scales but they move around more than scales UF/IFAS

32 MEALYBUGS: Adult Females With Egg Sacs and Immatures Mealybug nymph Smaller nymph

33 CURLING, CUPPING, PUCKERING? Most probably insect-caused (but could be a virus or herbicide damage)

34 PUCKERING FROM APHID FEEDING

35 APHIDS ATTACK MANY TYPES OF PLANTS Some do a lot of damage. Some transmit plant viruses. Some don t do much damage before aphid parasites and predators move in on them.

36 MOVING AWAY FROM THE HOMOPTERA (aphids, whiteflies, scales, mealybugs) TO SOME OTHER ORDERS OF INSECTS

37 CHILLI THRIPS 100 recorded hosts from about 40 different families including ornamentals and vegetables

38 CHILLI THRIPS DAMAGE Photo MREC UF/IFAS Photo Dan Culbert

39 CHILLI THRIPS Chilli thrips are difficult for most people to see because Pale colored First and second instar larvae and the pupae are , and mm, respectively Photo MREC UF/IFAS

40 Azalea Lace Bug Damage UF - IFAS

41 AZALEA LEAVES DAMAGED BY AZALEA LACE BUGS

42 AZALEA LACE BUG NYMPHS & EXCREMENT Note spines on nymphs Joanne East

43 LACE BUG ADULT, NYMPH & EXCREMENT

44 SPIDER MITES TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE IS PROBABLY THE MOST COMMON SPIDER MITE AND THE MOST PESTIFEROUS. ATTACKS MANY ORNAMENTAL PLANTS BOTH IN PRODUCTION AND IN THE LANDSCAPE.

45 TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE UF/IFAS

46 Twospotted Spider Mite Webbing UF - IFAS

47 Rose When you see webbing without even hunting for it, serious damage has already been done. Twospotted spider mite damage Palm

48 EARLY SIGNS OF SPIDER MITES Slight stippling Foliage plants like palms, Spathyphyllum and Dieffenbachia will show a slight change in leaf color even when the population is still small Turn the leaves over and look for mites. Tap suspect leaves onto white paper Look for dry specks (excrement) cast skins, or the mites themselves.

49 STIPLING DAMAGE FROM SPIDER MITE FEEDING

50 Here s a familiar big guy of the insect world Too big to control with insecticides

51 anne East 1 st Instar Lubbers

52 Joanne East

53 HOW TO CATCH EM YOUNG young individuals or young populations Be vigilant. Use your eyes. Get in the habit of checking your plants. Know what normal looks like. Learn the key pest(s) each for each plant

54 REMEMBER when it comes to insect pests ONLY THE YOUNG DIE GOOD!

55 Dedicated Dr. Vivienne Harris Pasco County Urban Horticulture Extension Agent ( ) June 23, August 14, 2004

56 THE END THANK YOU

Pest Management in Vegetable Gardens. Pam Brown Extension Agent Emeritus, Gardening Coach Pampered Gardeners, LLC

Pest Management in Vegetable Gardens Pam Brown Extension Agent Emeritus, Gardening Coach Pampered Gardeners, LLC pamperedgardeners@gmail.com Pest Management Involves: Providing proper cultural practices