Management of Young Pecan Trees. Lenny Wells UGA Horticulture
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1 Management of Young Pecan Trees Lenny Wells UGA Horticulture
2 Keys to Young Tree Growth In order to get optimal tree growth of newly established orchards: Nutritional Management How much? What method? What to apply? Irrigation How much water do young trees need? What is the best method of irrigation for young trees? Weed Control What herbicides are safe to use?
3 Is There An Advantage To Fertigation?
4 Fertigation of Young Trees 1st year trees: Cunard on Norfolk loamy sand Treatment Caliper Growth (mm) Leaf N Fertigation (6.16 units N/acre)X (1 lb/tree) Granular N (0.36 lbs/tree)x4* Control (No N applied) 5.4a 2.63a 6.5a 2.61a 7.6a 2.76a 6.7a 2.63a Fertilizer N materials; Fertigation treatments =UAN (28%) (total of 0.84 lbs N per tree) Granular N treatment=urea (46%) (total of 0.84 lbs N/tree) All fertigation and granular N treatments received P-K through irrigation system in April via 10.5 gal/acre of Fertilizer Application Dates: : May 9 Fertigation & Granular N: May 9; June 28, July 12; August 6
5 Fertigation of Young Trees 2nd year trees: Cunard on Norfolk loamy sand Treatment Fertigation (6.16 units N/acre)X4 Caliper Growth (mm) 11a Leaf N 2.88ab (1 lb/tree)x2 Granular N (0.36 lbs/tree)x4* Control (No N applied) 12.9a 3.14a 12.1a 3.07a 10.1a 2.70b Fertilizer N materials; Fertigation treatments =UAN (28%) (total of 0.84 lbs N per tree) Granular N treatment=urea (46%) (total of 0.84 lbs N/tree) All fertigation and granular N treatments received P-K through irrigation system in April via 10.5 gal/acre of Fertilizer Application Dates: : April 25 & June 29 Fertigation & Granular N: April 25; May 28, June 29, July 29
6 Fertigation of Young Trees 2nd year trees: Cape Fear on Red Bay soil Treatment Fertigation (12.32 units N/acre) X4 Fertigation (6.16 units N/acre) X (1 lb/tree) X3 Granular N (0.36 lbs/tree)x5 Control (No N applied) Caliper Growth (mm) 17.4ab Leaf N 2.72ab 21.1a 2.74a 19.7ab 2.72ab 14.8b 2.56bc 16.2ab 2.50c Fertilizer N materials: Fertigation treatments =UAN (28%) total of 1.68 lbs N/tree and 0.84 lbs N per tree for high and low rates Granular N treatment=urea (46%) (total of 0.84 lbs N/tree) All fertigation and granular N treatments received P-K through irrigation system in April via 10.5 gal/acre of Fertilizer Application Dates: : April 23, June 28, July 12 Fertigation : April 23, June 28, July 12, August 6 Granular N: April 23, May 23, June 28, July 12, August 6
7 Fertigation of Young Trees 3rd year trees: Cape Fear on Red Bay soil Treatment Fertigation (12.32 units N/acre) X4 Fertigation (6.16 units N/acre) X (1 lb/tree) X3 Granular N (0.36 lbs/tree)x5 Control (No N applied) Caliper Growth (mm) Leaf N 18.8a 2.90ab 18.6a 3.17a 19.8a 2.86ab 17.5a 2.84b 15.5a 2.91ab Fertilizer N materials: Fertigation treatments =UAN (28%) total of 1.68 lbs N/tree and 0.84 lbs N per tree for high and low rates Granular N treatment=urea (46%) (total of 0.84 lbs N/tree) All fertigation and granular N treatments received P-K through irrigation system in April via 10.5 gal/acre of Fertilizer Application Dates: : April 21, May 27, June 18 Fertigation & Granular N : April 25, May 28, June 29, July 29
8 Fertilization Recommendations for Young Trees Focus on P,K, Zn---not N! Rate of /per tree Apply Zinc Sulfate at 1-3lb per tree for the 1 st 3-4 yrs 2-3 sprays foliar Zn if deficiency symptoms show Mouse Ear Trees: Apply Ni at rate of 1.5 qts/100 gallons
9 If You Fertigate Amount of N/acre Year April May June lbs N lbs 5 lbs 5 lbs Apply granular P,K, Zn over the tree row in March or April of years 1 and 2 40 lbs P 40 lbs K 25 lbs Zn Sulfate
10 How Much Water Do Young Trees Need?
11 Trunk Diameter (mm) Young Tree Irrigation---Year Non-Irrigated 80.4 gpw gpw Apr 1-May 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep 1-Oct
12 Young Tree Irrigation---Year 1 117% increase 273% increase 6.7 gph microsprinklers 14.3 gph microsprinklers
13 6-Apr 13-Apr 20-Apr 27-Apr 4-May 11-May 18-May 25-May 1-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun 6-Jul 13-Jul 20-Jul 27-Jul 3-Aug 10-Aug 17-Aug 24-Aug 31-Aug 7-Sep 14-Sep Trunk Diameter (mm) Young Tree Irrigation---Year gpw gpw Non-Irrigated
14 Trunk Diamter Growth (mm) Young Tree Irrigation---Year % increase 235% increase Non-Irrigated 80.4 gpw gpw 6.7 gph microsprinklers 14.3 gph microsprinklers
15 Drip vs Microsprinkler 14.3 gph microsprinkler 172 gpw Two 2 gph drip emitters 48 gpw Eight 2 gallon per hour drip emitters ~172 gpw
16 6-Apr 13-Apr 20-Apr 27-Apr 4-May 11-May 18-May 25-May 1-Jun 8-Jun 15-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun 6-Jul 13-Jul 20-Jul 27-Jul 3-Aug 10-Aug 17-Aug 24-Aug 31-Aug 7-Sep 14-Sep Trunk Diameter (mm) Drip vs Microsprinkler Year 1---Seasonal Growth micro (172 gpw) drip 1 (48 gpw) drip 2 (172 gpw non-irrigated
17 Trunk Diameter Growth (mm) 6 Drip Vs Microsprinkler Desirable---1 st year trunk diameter growth Micro (172 gpw) Drip 1 (48 gpw) Drip 2 (172 gpw) Non-Irrigated
18 Pattern of Moisture Spread For Drip vs Microsprinkler Spreading water over larger soil surface areas is particularly advantageous on coarse, sandy soils (where water from a drip emitter moves very little laterally) and on fine-textured clay soils (where water from a drip emitter may puddle on the surface).
19 What Herbicides are Safe to Use Around Young Trees? Postmergence: Glyphosate, Paraquat, or Glufosinate ---burndown Sandea---nutsedge, pigweed, wild radish Aim---pigweed/morning glory Venue---wild radish, pigweed, morning glory Basagran some broadleafs and yellow nutsedge Poast---annual and perennial grasses Select---annual/perennial grasses Fusilade---annual/perennial grasses Pre-emergence: Surflan Prowl Chateau Alion can be used after year 3. Simazine can be used after year 2 Diuron can be used after year 3 (avoid on sandy soils)
20 Leaf Scorch of Young Pecan Trees Primarily a problem of poor root establishment Limitations to root growth Wet spring Wet/Dry extremes Poor soil Water-logged Planting immed. behind pine trees Hard Pan/High water table Fertilization
21 Ambrosia Beetle Attacks most prevalent in the spring, on young trees Traditional barrier sprays not very effective Beetles fly usually in March, but sometimes in Feb Years of data from nurseries provide no predictive value Traps can detect the start of the flight
22 Wood Bolt Trap Bolt of green hardwood 2-3 dia. Bore a ½ hole down the center and fill with ethanol Cork it, and hang around the orchard border Watch for toothpicks
23 Ambrosia Beetle Treatment Once the flight starts pyrethroids provide shortterm protection If attacks are detected trunk sprays must be applied quickly to save the tree Once the trees have leafed out completely, the danger is (usually) much lower
24 Questions?
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