Clutch 50 WDG. Insecticide. Horticulture Crops Technical Manual. Innovative solutions. Business made easy.

Transcription

1 Clutch 50 WDG Insecticide Horticulture Crops Technical Manual Innovative solutions. Business made easy.

2 Aim: To provide post-bloom insecticide control to a broad spectrum of pests in pome and stone fruit and grapes. 2

3 Introduction: Clutch 50 WDG Insecticide is a third generation neonicotinoid that provides top-rated control of tough pests in a variety of horticultural crops. It is labeled for foliar applications in pome/stone fruit and grapes and offers fast acting, long lasting, broad spectrum insect control. Active Ingredient: The active ingredient in Clutch is clothianidin 50%, a third generation neonicotiniod. Clothianidin has longer residual activity and less water solubility than other neonicotiniods such as thiamethoxam. This decreases the potential and risk of leaching in the soil profile. It also means Clutch has superior rain-fastness. Clutch has faster movement within the leaf s tissue, resulting in timelier control. Benefits of Using Clutch: Controls many problematic insects including aphids, plum curculio, leafhoppers, leafminers and pear psylla. Registered for the suppression of the brown marmorated stink bug. The longest residual control of any neonicitinoid on the market. Prevents insect pests from feeding, sucking and ovipositting (egg laying), even if the dose does not reach the lethal levels. Low water solubility means Clutch is less prone to leaching. Reliable action quickly reaches pests where they feed, for maximum foliage and fruit protection. Clutch is not as harsh on insect predators than older chemistries or OP (organophosphate) replacement. Low toxicity to mammals and the environment. Aphid

4 Understanding Plum Curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar): If left uncontrolled plum curculio can cause serious economic damage as it can reduce the crop up to 85%. Adults are about 4 6 mm long, dark grey to brown with grey and white patches on the back. They have 4 bumps on the back and their snout is about ¼ of their body length. Mature larvae are 7 9 mm long, white, legless, grub-like with a brown head. Plum curculio overwinters as an adult. In the spring, the adults migrate back into the orchards. The migration lasts up to 2 weeks following petal fall and can be delayed until after petal fall. The adults mate and feed on developing leaves, blossoms and fruitlets. Small holes or russet scars resulting from feeding. Once fruit set has occurred, egg laying begins. Females cut a cavity into the skin and deposit their eggs. Damage appears as a crescent shaped cut next to the cavity. The eggs hatch in about 7 12 days and larvae develop for days. They soon drop to the ground to pupate in the soil. Infested apples may drop prematurely. After about 2 3 weeks the new adults emerge and fly into the trees to feed on the fruit. Apples that do not drop continue to grow, however they are severely scarred and unmarketable. Adults continue to feed on the apples through September. Adapted from information by Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs and Ministry of Agriculture and Lands - Government of British Columbia. Understanding Aphids Aphids are about 2mm long, usually without wings and usually concentrated in large numbers. They excrete honeydew (a sugary substance which sticks to the upper surfaces of the leaves, giving a glossy appearance). The apple aphid overwinters in the egg stage on water sprouts and terminals. Hatching begins as apple buds open in spring. Aphids start to feed on developing leaves and terminal shoots then move to older cluster leaves. Females produce many generations during the summer and disperse throughout the orchard and to other orchards. Females can produce between 50 and 100 offspring that develop in 7 10 days. Males appear in the fall and mate with the females that then lay overwintering eggs. Damage from aphids include: Terminal leaves are curled downward and sticky with honeydew secreted by the aphids. Honeydew may drip onto the fruit causing russet spots and promote growth of black sooty mold. Highly infested shoots of young trees are stunted/rolled-up and distorted.

5 There are many species of aphids affecting fruit trees across Canada. They include: Green apple aphid: There are many generations per year, typically completed in two or three weeks. They are most numerous in the summer months (July and August). The aphids suck sap from the leaf resulting in reduced growth of shoots, bud size and internode length and causes leaf curling. Leaf curling and weakened terminals are susceptible to winter injury. Produced honeydew can cause sooty fungi to grow on fruit causing blemishes, resulting in lower market value. Rosy apple aphid: Typically there are three generations in a year. Each female produces 120 to 185 offspring. They feed on apple foliage (mainly fruiting spurs), which causes chlorosis and curling. Indirectly their feeding stunts and deforms fruits in the cluster. The aphid produces honeydew that drips onto leaves and fruit causing sooty fungus to form discolouring the fruit. Pygmy fruit is also caused by the translocation of the aphid saliva from leaves to fruit causing the fruit to remain small, deformed and unmarketable. This makes the rosy apple aphid one of the most economically significant aphis species. Woolly apple aphid: Several generations per year. The aphid forms a knot or gall on twigs or roots of the tree. Underground colonies form knots on the roots. Damaged areas are more sensitive to frost and winter injury. The colonies feed on healing tissues of limb wounds, spreading established cancer disease. The woolly apple aphid produces honeydew that drips from leaves onto fruit causing sooty fungus to establish, downgrading fruit quality. Green peach aphid: With several generations per year, this aphid infests blossoms and new shoots causing flowers and leaves to curl tightly and shoots to stop growing. Fruitlets may not develop or may drop (economic damage); young peaches may be deformed and nectarines may be deformed and streaked with russet caused by honeydew, making the fruit unsellable. Black cherry aphid: These aphids colonize in large numbers. Leaves infested by the insect curl up and normal terminal growth is disturbed. Sometimes injured leaves turn brown and die, causing the fruit to be dwarfed. Honeydew is also excreted by the aphids causing dam age to the leaves and fruit. The aphids feed on the leaves of the tree until mid summer then move on to other hosts. Adapted from information by Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs and Ministry of Agriculture and Lands - Government of British Columbia. 5

6 Enemy at the Gates. Canada braces for Brown Marmorated Stink Bug. Brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) is on its way to Canada. Having insecticides such as Clutch will be key components in a multi-pronged integrated pest management approach that will eventually include: monitoring, biological controls, trap cropping and attract & kill solutions. Originally from Asia, this species was introduced to North America in the mid-90s. In 2010, it caused $37 million of damage in apple crops and wiped out nearly half of the US peach crop. BMSB is an excellent hitchhiker. To date, it has been detected in 39 states and has been intercepted coming into several Canadian provinces on imported goods and in vehicles. A few facts on BSMB: BMSB attacks a wide variety of plants, including tree fruit, berries, grapes, vegetables, corn, soybeans, plus ornamental trees and shrubs. It has no effective natural enemies in North America. Woody hosts such as Tree of Heaven and Catalpa are preferred hosts, and support population build-up through the season. In Ontario, Buckthorn (also invasive) appears to be a suitable reproductive host. Damage is caused by both nymphs and adults. Crops that mature later in the season (such as apples) are particularly susceptible to economic injury. BMSB are highly mobile and readily move between a number of host plants and crops throughout the season. They often spread to crops in waves, which makes it tough to control them in a timely manner. Brown marmorated stink bug

7 Understanding Grape Phylloxera Grape phylloxera is a small aphid-like insect that feeds on grape roots, stunting growth of vines or killing them. It has a complicated life cycle. Grape phylloxera is about 1 mm long and 0.5 mm wide and varies in colour (yellow, green, brown, orange). The insect overwinters as nymphs in the root zone. As temperatures increase in the spring they start feeding and growing. Established grape phylloxera feed externally in colonies on roots of the vine. Above ground feeding occurs mainly on the foliage. Leaf galls are formed (hollow, pea-sized swellings of the plant tissue usually red or green in colour) on the underside of the leaf. Feeding occurs from inside the galls. Root damage includes swelling and yellowing or necrotic spots develop at the feeding area of the dead tissue on the roots. The insect also causes indirect damage to susceptible grapevines. Heavily galled leaves are distorted and rolled up, causing a decreased leaf surface area. Galls may contain up to 90% less chlorophyll compared to healthy leaves, reducing photosynthesis. Reduced sugar levels at harvest are caused by the loss of carbohydrates due to the severe infestation of the pest. This will reduce winter hardiness and the energy supply available for new growth the following year. Grape phylloxera galls also causes defoliation and retard shoot growth. Adapted from information by Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs and Ministry of Agriculture and Lands - Government of British Columbia. When to Apply Clutch? Applications of Clutch must occur post-bloom only when pollination is complete and bees are removed from the production site. Depending on pest pressure and rate used, Clutch can provide from days residual control. Maximum 2 applications per season or a maximum of 420 g/hectare. Water volume and ph: Foliar applications should be ground-applied in enough water to ensure thorough coverage. A water volume of 1,000L/ hectare or 100 GPA usually provides good coverage of the foliage. Water ph could affect the performance of Clutch. It is recommended the water ph to be within 5.5 and

8 Mode of Action: Clothianidin has the same mode of action of those products in the neonicotinoid group (IRAC MOA Group 4A). Clutch has local translaminar and systemic movement following a foliar spray. Results show movement 30 minutes after application. Clutch also moves through the xylem of the plant when applied to soil. Actively growing plants tend to move Clutch faster and more efficiently, providing better control. Clutch is loco systemic = xylem movement within treated leaf Apply here Apical bud (terminal bud) Blade Leaf Translocates outward within leaf Auxillary bud Petiole Node Internode Node Shoot system Apply here Stem Lateral root Root system Primary root 8 Clutch is Translaminar Moves through the leaf.

9 Re-entry Period, PHI, Rainfastness: The re-entry interval for Clutch is 12 hours. Clutch is rainfast 3 hours after application. The minimum time from last application to pre harvest interval for Clutch in pome and stone fruit is 7 days. The PHI in grapes is 1 day. Formulation of Clutch: Clutch s enhanced consistency is the result of the improved formulation, which provides growers a more uniform particle size of the material for fast uptake in plants. Its low solubility means it is prone to less leaching and provides better rainfastness. This improved formulation reinforces Clutch s lower water solubility compared to other neonicotinoids. The Program: Clutch can be used alone for the control of labeled insect pests, however, it is recommended Clutch be used as part of an Integrated Pest Management Program IPM) and rotated with other labeled insecticides from different chemistries. 9

10 Rate of Application: Pome Fruit (Apples and Pears) Pest Controlled Plum curculio Aphids Leafhoppers Leafminers Pear psylla Oriental fruit moth (suppression) Codling moth (suppression) Brown marmorated stink bug (suppression) Application Rate 210 g/hectare (85 g/acre)* g/hectare (57 85 g/acre)* g/hectare (57 85 g/acre)* g/hectare (57 85 g/acre)* g/hectare ( g/acre)* g/hectare ( g/acre)** g/hectare ( g/acre)** g/hectare ( g/acre)* Application Timing First application after petal fall, before populations reach First application before populations reach First application before populations reach First application shortly after petal fall, before pest population reach economic thresholds. First application before pest reaches economic thresholds. First application before damage caused by stings occurs. First application before damage caused by tunneling occurs. First application before pest populations reach damaging thresholds. *A second application may be applied days after the first application. ** A second application may be applied 14 days after the first application. 10

11 Stone Fruit (Apricot, Sweet and Tart Cherry, Nectarine, Plum, Peach and Plumcot) Pest Controlled Plum curculio Aphids Leafhoppers Oriental fruit moth (suppression) Application Rate 210 g/hectare (85 g/acre)* g/hectare (57 85 g/acre)* g/hectare (57 85 g/acre)* g/hectare ( g/acre)** Application Timing First application after petal fall, before populations reach First application before populations reach First application before populations reach First application before damage caused by stings occurs. Brown marmorated stink bug (suppression) g/hectare ( g/acre)* First application before pest populations reach damaging thresholds. *A second application may be applied days after the first application. ** A second application may be applied 14 days after the first application. Grapes Pest Controlled Grape phylloxera Leafhoppers Mealy bug Thrips Application Rate g/hectare (57 85 g/acre)* g/hectare (40 57 g/acre)* g/hectare (57 85 g/acre)* 140 g/hectare (57 g/acre)* Application Timing First application after petal fall, before populations reach First application before populations reach First application before populations reach First application before pest reaches Brown marmorated stink bug (suppression) 210 g/hectare (85 g/acre)* First application before pest populations reach damaging thresholds. *A second application may be applied 14 days after the first application.

12 Resistance Management: Clutch belongs to Group 4 or 4A insecticide. To delay insecticide resistance in insects at risk of developing resistance to insecticides it is recommended avoiding the consecutive use of other Group 4 or 4A insecticides that have a similar target site of action, on the same insect species. Use tank mixture or premixes with insecticides from a different target site of action Group as long as the involved products are all registered for the same use and have different sites of action. Base insecticide use on a comprehensive IPM program. Monitor treated insect populations for loss of field efficacy. Contact your local extension specialist, certified crop advisors, and/or manufacturer for insecticide resistance management and/or IPM recommendations. Mixing Instructions: As with most insecticides Clutch should be tank mixed in the following order: 1. Prior to mixing, clean the spray tank. 2. Fill the spray tank one-half full of water and start agitation. 3. Add the required amount of Clutch to the tank. 4. Continue agitation while filling tank to the desired spray volume. 5. Maintain agitation during mixing and spraying. 6. After use, thoroughly rinse, clean and flush the spray tank and equipment. Compatibility: To obtain broad-spectrum pest control, Clutch can be tank mixed with other pesticides. However, all plant species and their varieties and cultivars have not been tested with possible tank mix combinations, sequential pesticide treatments and adjuvants and surfactants. It is recommended to conduct a spray mix compatibility jar test and phytotoxicity trial under local conditions to ensure compatibility prior to any large-scale use. Storage: Store in a dry place away from excessive heat. Do not store near food or feed. Store in original container only. To close package, replace and tighten cap to form an airtight seal. 12

13 Trial Data: Control of Plum Curculio 12 Percent damage Clutch 105g/ha Clutch 210g/ha Calypso 480 SC Untreated 0 13 June (16 days) 9 July (42 days) 26 August (90 days) Van DrieL L, Hammill J A, McCardle A G, Errampalli D Agriculture and Agfri-Food Canada Southern Crop Protection & Food Research Centre Vineland Station,ON Applied 28 May, Calypso 480SC applied at 140 g a.i./hectare Percent Shoots Infested Potato leafhopper UTC Clutch 50 6oz Delegate 4.5oz Delegate 6oz 2lbs John Wise/MSU/2010 App. Datees: Clutch (PF + 10 days May 26; June 16; June 26; Guthion & Delegate June 7, June 22, July 6) 13

14 Control of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug * Based on trials using Belay, a product containing the same active ingredient as Clutch Percent mortality hour 72 hour 120 hour 50 6oz 5oz Admire 7oz Assail 3.4oz Leverage 2.8oz Neonicotinoids Registered on Apple & Peach BMSB Bioassay Results Dr. Greg Krawczyk (PSU) February March 2011 Adult BMSB from overwinering colony 30 male 8 female adults each tested Each treated with 2 ul of solution; Mortality rated at 24,46 & 120 hours Admire = Provado 7 Green Peach Aphid Control # Aphids/Plot Researcher: Gary Sewel U. of Maine Date of App: Aug (Foliar Application) Rating: Aug 23 (6 DPT) Untreated Check Clutch 50WDG 1.4oz Assail 30WG 2.5oz Leverage 2.7 SE 3.75oz

15 Notes:

16 Nufarm is the marketer of Valent products in Canada. To learn more about Clutch 50 WDG or any other Nufarm products visit our website or call our technical support line, toll-free This information is for marketing purposes only. ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW THE LABEL BEFORE USING ANY NUFARM PRODUCTS. Clutch is a registered trademark of Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. All other products are trademarks of their respective owners. January 2013