Diseases to Anticipate in 2017 Margery Daughtrey Cornell Univ-LIHREC

Transcription

1 Diseases to Anticipate in 2017 Margery Daughtrey Cornell Univ-LIHREC

2 VIRUS RUSTS GALLS VASCULAR WILTS CANKERS LEAF SPOTS BUTT ROT NEEDLECASTS

3 RUSTS

4

5

6

7 Pear-trellis Rust

8 Pear Trellis Rust Gymnosporangium sabinae (syn. G. fuscum) On Chanticleer, 2009 ID J. Bischoff, USDA-ARS, Beltsville

9 Comice Pear Riverhead, NY

10 UNIQUE TRAIT Late maturity of aeciospores in pear trellis rust

11 4 mo. maturation

12 O567<,QRS #O76N,O567<,QU6NRS,

13 Juniperus chinensis Robusta Green 2014 Nursery L.I., NY PEAR TRELLIS RUST D. Gilrein image

14 April 27, 2015 L. Hyatt image Lynn Hyatt image

15 J. chinensis Robusta Green Pear trellis rust

16 Juniperus chinensis Robusta Green Landscape Suffolk Co., NY Pear trellis rust

17 Juniperus chinensis Robusta Green Riverhead Landscape May 16

18 Juniperus chinensis Robusta Green Riverhead Landscape 3 June 2015

19 Pear-trellis rust (G. sabinae) in Switzerland Highly Susceptible Junipers (Siegfried, 2002) Juniperus chinensis Keteleeri J. chinensis Robusta Green J. media Gold Sovereign J. media Pfitzeriana (Aurea and Compacta) J. media Swissgold J. sabina Blue Danube J. sabina Tamariscifolia J. scopulorum Old Gold

20 Pear Trellis Rust (G. sabinae) Resistant Junipers in Switzerland (Siegfried, 2002) Juniperus chinensis Blaauw J. chinensis Blue Alps J. chinensis San Jose J. chinensis Kaizuka (=J. chinensis Torulosa ) J. media Mint Julep J. media Pfitzeriana Glauca J. communis - all J. virginiana Hetz, Grey Owl, Canaerti, Kim J. conferta Blue Pacific

21 June 2011 anthracnose + rust Colletotrichum acutatum Pyrus calleryana Cleveland Select

22 Spray Treatment For Rusts Fungicide Management Chlorothalonil if you test first on host Propiconazole if you test first on host Mancozeb labeled for rust on pear 3 applications 7-14 day intervals

23 HAWTHORN RUST Gymosporangium globosum Will look just like the pear rust

24 Quince rust on juniper - Gymnosporangium clavipes

25 Cedar-apple rust Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae

26

27

28 ')4!""#$% &'()*+,*-.)/01( ( '.(.2.3!"#"$%&%'"##(%')*&+' %')*&+ $,+%-'.$'/0'"$-'12',$' $' *-0)/* /*3. &%%$'4.-%&#)%"-'.$'5,)+6%"&+'7889

29 Japanese Apple Rust Collections at Beltsville: NJ Bergen Co NY Margaretville Delaware Co MD Beltsville 2006 DE Wilmington 2004, 2009 PA Media 2004 Also reported from CT Also reported from Manhattan

30 Telial hosts reported for Gymnosporangium yamadae (Japanese apple rust) worldwide Juniperus chinensis J. chinensis var. kaizuka J. chinensis var. procumbens J. chinensis var. sargentii Accidentally found 2 junipers involved in NY!

31 Juniperus chinensis Robusta Green Riverhead Landscape 3 June 2015 J. Chinensis Robusta Green in nursery and landscape Pear trellis rust AND Japanese apple rust

32 Juniperus chinensis var. kaizuka Host of Japanese apple rust

33 Went looking for the stage on Malus 2015 Riverhead, Aug. 23

34 Japanese apple rust Gymnosporangium yamadae

35 Riverhead, Aug. 23

36 Southampton October Summer 13, 2015

37 Easthampton Sept. 9

38 Japanese apple rust (G. yamadae) J. chinensis Robusta Green J. chinensis var. kaizuka Malus spp. Apparently widespread. Other hosts? Is cedar-apple rust still relevant?

39 B2$%'"*3&P(2&?5#'&!"#$%#$# Alternate systemic fungicides (strobilurins s watch out for Heritage on apple ple BannerMAXX) And contact ct materials (copper, mancozeb eb, chlorothalonil nil)

40 CANKERS

41

42 PLANES Platanus x acerifolia [P. occidentalis P. orientalis]

43 Massaria disease Splanchnonema platani (previously Massaria platani) Or Macrodiplodiopsis desmazieresii

44 Mike Miecznifowski image

45 Characteristics Upper surface of branch affected (send in the drones!) Brown multi-celled asexual spores μm long x 12.5 to 17.5 μm wide Sometimes brown ascospores x 17.5 to 20μm Spores on bark or cambium Opportunistic basidiomycetes contributing? Other fungi are there, too!

46 Samples from Brooklyn and The Bronx

47 Adriana Jacykewycz sample NYC Parks

48

49 Blue Atlas Cedar Sirococcus cus shoot ot blight Also see e Botryosphaeriaa and Diplodia tip blight

50 !",8(J"%&B",&_8"36'

51

52 Sporulation of Diplodia sapinea

53 Diplodia pinea Sphaeropsis sapinea Diplodia pinea Diplodia sapinea

54 !",8(J"% 7(*'2(8&M"'6&`5*3"+"J$# ```g,d,<o756k >>57U&nn E=<9,V5HG75,V=KV756_dB,JG75,oZC,K6N<

55 Leyland cypress Diplodia cupressi

56 Diplodia cupressi attacks In the shade... But there s also Seiridium canker, Botryosphaeria, Pestalotiopsis, etc, etc.

57 Glen Stanosz image Diplodia cupressi on juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) Pathogen reported in IA, KS, NY, PA

58

59 16>>57U&nn /;9?6>5 ```g -6[56>9 C/)$22"(,("08$2$( 4?5>,V:G<<GJ<,GO5> p,;>,zc,k6n<,

60 LEAF SPOTS, NEEDLE CASTS

61 On Doug fir

62 Rhabdocline needlecast Rhabdocline n DOUG FIR

63 Rhabdocline needlecast The fungus sporulates on needle undersides

64 Swiss needlecast Phaeocryptopus gaumanii

65 Swiss needlecast

66 Rhabdocline needlecast Improve air movement around tree Treatments: ts: TIME: before new growth is 1/2 in. long Continue at 3-4 week intervals until July 1 Copper hydroxide, chlorothalonil, Spectro 90 Swiss needlecast, too o (same timing) Mancozeb eb, chlorothalonil l, Spectro ng):

67 On spruce

68 Rhizosphaera needlecast CBSpruce

69

70 Rhizosphaera needlecast ***Colorado blue spruce Englemann spruce White spruce Austrian, mugho, E. white pines Doug fir, true firs Norway spruce pretty resistant

71 Rhizosphaera a needlecast Rhizosphaeraa kalkoffii &IG;K,K7G=[?9,<975<< 3JO7GI5,6;7,JGI5J5>9,67G=>K,9755 '55K<,Pq\!,:56H,W59>5<<,9G,;>H5@9

72 Rhizosphaera needlecast Treatments ts: chlorothalonil + thio io-me= Spectro chlorothalonil l (Daconil nil, etc ) [ ) [not on CBS] coppers mancozeb (Protect, t, etc c) TIME: new shoots 1 1/2 /2 long Repeat in 3 weeks If wet, continue + IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT

73 BUTT ROT

74

75 Kretzschmaria deusta (Called Ustilina in the past)

76 GALLS

77

78

79

80 Exobasidium gall

81 VIRUS

82 Rose Rosette Virus A. Windham image

83 Rose Rosette Disease A. Windham image

84 Glyphosate Symptoms Mimic Rose Rosette Disease Roundup Mimicry

85 Rose Rosette Multiflora rose Dawn O Brien image CHECKLIST Witches broom Hyper-thorniness Gradual decline Red stems Glyphosate injury unlikely???

86

87 VASCULAR WILTS

88

89 Verticillium wilt

90 Cotinus Verticillium wilt Bottlebrush buckeye

91 WI MN DED

92 D. E. D.

93 WI MN Ceratocystis ulmi

94

95 Oak Wilt a Serious Disease Oak wilt caused by Ceratocystis fagacearum (imperfect state Chalara sp.) Systemic, lethal disease of oaks Vectored by sap-feeding beetles All Quercus sp. are affected

96 Distribution of Oak Wilt in the U.S. May 2013 Oak Wilt Detections (USFS)

97 Two Ways to Spread

98 Disease Transmission Root grafts from infected tree to healthy tree. Photo credit: Bugwood

99 Oak Wilt in the Landscape J. Juzwik image USFS

100 Root Grafting- Movement from Tree to Tree

101 Fungal Mats Produced by Red Oak Group Host: Northern red oak, Quercus rubra Fungal mat under the bark See bark beetle tunneling also implicated Photo: APS

102 Sap Beetles Attracted to Wounds Attracted to sap smell from wounds Storm damage Pruning wounds Spike wounds Lightning strikes

103 Red Oaks vs White Oaks Red oak group more susceptible to infection than trees in white oak group White oaks can more readily wall off the fungus

104 Symptoms Leaf wilt, necrosis on red oak.

105 J. Juzwik image, USFS

106 Sampling Techniques D. Miller images Send 6-8 in long branches Send twig with leaves to examine Bring to lab same day as collect sample Ship overnight with ice packs Ship Monday - Wednesday

107 Images: D. Miller & K. Stebner, Davey Institute Discoloration of vascular bundles

108 Oak wilt on Acidified PDA

109 Managing Oak Wilt Prune in winter only Use wound dressing if necessary to prune in the spring or summer Never move firewood

110 Oak Wilt Can be Confused with Anthracnose Spider mite feeding injury Black oak gall wasp 2-lined chestnut borer Tubakia leaf spot Bacterial leaf scorch Drought Armillaria root rot, etc.

111 Two-lined chestnut borer, Agrilus bilineatus Native beetle attacks stressed trees Photo: U.S. Department of Agriculture

112 Bacterial leaf scorch of oak (Quercus rubra) marginal discoloration & a dull red or yellow halo between scorched and green tissues. (photo, A. B. Gould)

113 Joshua tree Yucca brevifolia