2016 Master Gardener Basic Disease Training on Ornamentals. D.L. Clement University of Maryland Extension Specialist
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1 2016 Master Gardener Basic Disease Training on Ornamentals D.L. Clement University of Maryland Extension Specialist
2 Keys to Problem Identification Know the host plant Check for symptoms and signs Check for part of the plant affected Check for patterns Site history - ask questions!
3
4 Abiotic Factors Non-living, non-infectious, non-transmissible Environmental Climate extremes and exposure, temperature, moisture, light Nutrition, ph, soil type, organic matter Chemical Pesticides Deicing salt Air pollution Mechanical Lightning, hail, pruning, construction, embedded wires, grade changes
5 What are abiotic/non-infectious factors Immediate damage injury Lightning Hail damage Ice damage Pesticide damage phytotoxicity Dull mower injury Etc.. Chronic damage progressive over time Stress issues Nutrient deficiencies Drought Air pollution Poor drainage Etc..
6 Construction Equipment Damage
7 Poor Drainage
8 Poor Soil Conditions at Installation
9 Camden Yards Root rot on English ivy
10 Excessive Mulch
11 Exposed Root Ball
12 Root injury from construction
13 Old Road Bed Exposed during Installation
14 Herbicide damage on evergreens
15 Flooding Damage
16 Lightning damage
17 Winter Salt Salt on Yew Salt on Spruce
18 Winter Dessication on Holly
19 Winter damage on Leyland
20 Normal fall color and needle drop on White Pine
21 Winter Color on evergreens Yew with winter color Yew recovery from winter color
22 Non-Pathogenic Fungi Slime mold Fuligo septica
23 Non-Pathogenic Fungi Slime mold Fuligo septica
24 Mushrooms
25 Examples of Foliar Fungal Diseases Sycamore Anthracnose
26 Anthracnose canker
27 Beech Anthracnose
28 Dogwood anthracnose
29 Discula Management Resistant C. florida cultivar Appalachian Spring Resistant trees C. kousa Dogwood hybrids i.e. Stellar series Fungicides chlorothalonil (Daconil) myclobutanil (Immunox) propaconazole (Banner) thiophanate-methyl (Cleary s)
30 Powdery Mildew on Lilac
31 Powdery mildew on oak
32 Powdery Mildew on Dogwood
33 Powdery Mildew on Dogwood pppp
34 Powdery Mildew Management Field Resistance Cherokee Brave Kousa cultivars and hybrids Resistant (C. florida cultivars) Jean s Appalachian Snow Karen s Appalachian Blush Kay s Appalachian Mist Appalachian Joy Fungicides propiconazole (Banner) myclobutanil (Immunox) thiophanate-methyl (Cleary s)
35 Brown Rot on Kwansan Cherry
36 Brown Rot Management Chemical Lime-sulfur Chlorothalonil Captan Thiophanate-methyl Myclobutanil Cultural Thin canopy and remove twig cankers in the spring
37 Black spot on Rose
38 Cercospora leaf spot on rose, common on blackspot resistant knockout roses
39 Fungal Leaf Spots-Cherry Shot Hole
40 Cedar-Apple Rust on Juniper
41 Cedar-Quince and Cedar- Hawthorn Rust on Crabapple
42 Pear Trellis Rust Washington State Univ. Pnwhandbooks.org
43 Boxwood Blight
44 Volutella Blight and Macrophoma Leaf Spot
45 Douglas Fir Needle cast
46 Rhododendron diseases Phytophthora blight and root rot Management: Remove infected plants Change drainage or soil conditions Chemical treatments are not curative, temporary fix, and are expensive
47 Phytophthora root and crown rot
48 Rhododendron diseases Botryosphaeria canker
49 Rhododendron diseases Botryosphaeria on rhododendron Management Prune out infected stems and twigs below canker symptoms
50 Fungal Canker Diseases Filbert blight
51 Cytospora on spruce
52 Thyronectria Canker on Honey Locust
53 Fungal Wilt Diseases Verticillium Wilt Photo: J. Hartman, U. Kentucky
54 Dutch Elm disease
55 Dutch Elm Disease
56 Fungal Root Rots Armellaria
57 Armellaria rhizomorphs Joseph O'Brien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
58 Armellaria root rot Joseph O'Brien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
59 Ganoderma Root Rot
60 Fungal Root Rots Jack o lantern mushrooms
61 Fungal Wood Decay Hypoxylon cankers on oak
62 Clematis Stem blight
63 Miscanthus leaf spots/blight
64 Botrytis blight on flowers
65 Day Lily Leaf Streak
66 Downy Mildew on Rudbeckia
67 Impatiens Downy Mildew
68 Alternaria Leaf Spot on Sunflower
69 Cladosporium on Peony
70 Bacteria Leaf spots on Zinnia
71 Bacterial/fungal leaf spots on zinnia
72 Bacteria Crown Gall on Rose Photo by Bob Alde
73 Phomopsis Fungal Twig Gall on Forsythia
74 Bacteria Fire Blight on Crabapple
75 Fire Blight
76 Spur Die Back and Canker caused by Fire Blight Photo by William M. Ciesla
77 Bacterial Ooze caused by Fire Blight Photo by John Hartman, U of Ky
78 Bacterial Streaming from Fire Blight Infected Twig Tissue Photo by Paul Bachi, U of Ky
79 Bacterial Leaf Scorch on Oak
80 Bacterial leaf scorch on oak Caused by a bacterium Thins the canopy Causes dieback Starts from the lower branches and interior of the canopy Has killed many street trees
81 Nematodes Root Knot Nematode Galls
82 Nematodes Foliar Nematode Symptoms
83 Virus Symptoms on Dahlia
84 Viruses Mosaic on Gerbera Daisy
85 Viruses Impatiens Necrotic Ring Spot Virus
86 Virus on rose
87 Rose Rosette Virus in Multiflora Rose
88 Rose Rosette eriophyid mite Phyllocoptes fructiphilus Eriophyid mites can be seen with a 20x hand lens with practice and patience Mites are found on tender new growth on buds and between stems and leaf petioles Most infections occur in spring (Apr June) Mites can be spread long distances on wind currents ars.org
89 Rose Rosette Symptoms
90 Rose Rosette Symptoms
91 Rose Rosette Virus
92 Hosta Virus X
93 Phytoplasmas - Elm Yellows Photo from Gary Moorman, Penn State
94 Dodder
95 Dodder
96 Mistletoe Photo from MK Malinoski
97 Collecting a Sample Collect leaves that show various stages of symptom development. Border between healthy and diseased tissue. A sample can consist of leaves from more than one plant of the same species. Take pictures of symptoms and environment. Slide from NPDN
98 Packaging a sample Place sample on a paper towel. Do not wet the towel. Double bag and seal the sample in zip lock bags. If shipping, use a crush proof box with seams sealed completely with tape. Be sure to include the sample submission form. Slide from NPDN
99 University of Maryland Plant Diagnostic Laboratory Dr. Karen Rane Dept. of Entomology University of Maryland 4112 Plant Sciences Building College Park, MD
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