Soil types of the Burnett River Catchment Considerations for irrigating with saline water
|
|
- Anastasia Cummings
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Soil types of the Burnett River Catchment Considerations for irrigating with saline water Purpose: This fact sheet forms part of a series addressing saline irrigation water in the Burnett River catchment, aimed at providing information and guidance to local irrigators about how to ascertain and manage their salinity issue/s. The purpose of this fact sheet is to provide information about the 13 broad soil groups within the Burnett Catchment; their common characteristics and the implication of these with regard to irrigating with saline water. Determining what your soil type is and how it is likely to behave under such conditions will assist with management decision making. Refer also to the Irrigation water quality factsheet. How to use the factsheet: This factsheet should be used in conjunction with the Wide Bay Burnett Soil Grouping spatial file (.kml). To identify which of the 13 broad soil types are located on your property, load the.kml file into Google Earth and zoom to your property. For information relating to the soil types present, refer to the relevant Soil Group section below. It is also recommended that you download the applicable Land Resource Assessment Report and Map from the website listed below (see item 2) for more detailed information. Where to find more detailed information about soils on your property: 1. General soils information & factsheets: Website 2. Land Resource Assessment Reports & Maps: n=derm&url=%2fliberty%2flibraryhome.do 3. Property soil maps (i.e. select map type e.g. land suitability): property/vegetation map request Qld Globe Queensland Globe is a free mapping and data online interactive tool, which displays Queensland Government spatial datasets using the Google Earth platform. (Soil data to be available shortly): data/queensland globe/about Department of Natural Resources & Mines (DNRM) Soils Unit in Bundaberg: Contact Phone: (07) soil.enquiry@dnrm.qld.gov.au Address: Enterprise St, Bundaberg Cautionary Note: Information provided in this factsheet is meant as a guide only. All soil mapping/grouping information is subject to the scale at which it was captured and will therefore require ground truthing at the property level. Similarly, it is important to undertake EC (i.e. salinity level) sampling of local soil and water regularly, in order to adjust management accordingly. It is strongly recommended that you seek professional agronomic advice. 1 25
2 Definitions & Terminology: Soil Groups Soils within the Wide Bay Burnett have been lumped up into 13 broad soil groups, based on similar permeability and drainage attributes (primarily derived from soil profile clay content and sodicity). Soil Texture Soil texture refers to the amount of sand, loam and clay present within a soil and is expressed in terms of clay content (% clay). For simplicity, four main texture categories are shown below, ranging from lighter textured sand to heavier textured clay. Soil texture influences others soil properties, including permeability. Approximate clay content (%) of broad soil textures Sand Loam Clay Loam Clay < 10 % % % > 35 % Source: Adapted from Australian Soil & Land Survey Field Handbook 3 rd Edition (2009, p ) Texture Contrast Soils / Duplex Soils A texture contrast soil (also called a duplex soil) refers to a soil with a lighter textured surface soil over a heavier textured subsoil. The change between the two must be abrupt and constitute a difference in clay content of at least 20%. Sodicity Sodicity refers to the presence of a high proportion of sodium (Na+) ions relative to other cations within a soil sample (in either exchangeable and/or soluble form) (DNR, 1997, p. 203). High levels of sodicity will affect how a soil behaves after medium to long term exposure to saline water. Sodicity levels are categorised below. Soil Sodicity levels Low Medium High Sodicity Level: (Non sodic) (Sodic) (Strongly sodic) ESP: <6 % 6 15 % > 15% Source: Baker & Eldershaw (1993, p.39) NOTE: Saline water counteracts the effects of soil dispersion. Once water salinity returns to low levels soil dispersion may result in sodic soils. Dispersion: Dispersion refers to the complete breakdown of soil aggregates into primary particles of sand, silt and clay in saturated soils, when the attractive forces between the soil particles are not strong enough to hold them together. Dispersion may be quick (minutes) or slow (hours). Sodic soils are generally dispersive soils have exchangeable sodium percentages of greater than six percent. Note: Not all sodic soils are susceptible to dispersion. A sodic soil s tendency to disperse is affected by soil ph and clay mineralogy. Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP): 2 25
3 Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP) is the proportion of sodium adsorbed to the surface of clay particles (as a proportion of total cation exchange capacity), expressed as a percentage. ESP is commonly used as measure of soil sodicity (DNR, 1997, p. 200). Permissible Sodium Adsorption Ration (SAR) Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) refers to the relative content of sodium, compared to calcium and magnesium, in a soil solution or water that approximates the ESP of the soil. The relationship between SAR and ESP is based on the Gapon ion exchange relationship (DNR, 1997, p. 203). Salinity The level of salt within a soil or water sample, commonly referred to as salinity, is measured in terms of electrical conductivity (EC) and is expressed in units of deci seimens per metre (ds/m). For ease of comparison, salinity levels have been categorised as follows: Plant salt tolerance grouping 1 Equivalent EC 1:5 reading, based on clay content of soil Soil salinity (ds/m) rating 10 20% clay 20 40% clay 40 60% clay 60 80% clay Sensitive crops < 0.07 < 0.09 < 0.12 < 0.15 very low Moderately sensitive crops low Moderately tolerant crops medium Tolerant crops high Very tolerant crops very high Generally too saline for crops > 0.93 > 1.21 > 1.53 > 1.87 extreme Source: Adapted from Salinity Management Handbook DNRQ Pg 77 Drainage & Permeability Drainage refers to local soil wetness conditions likely to occur in most years. It is determined based on both internal and external attributes (e.g. soil texture and slope). Permeability is independent of climate and drainage and is controlled by the least permeable layer in the soil. Permeability is inferred from internal soil attributes only (e.g. texture, structure and porosity). Risk to declining structure ratings The overall risk of soils to structural decline as a result of increased exposure to salinised and sodic water) has been categorised into low, medium and high and descriptions are provided below: Risk Low Moderate High Description of risk to declining soil structure Minor impact on soil physical and chemical properties. Permeability of soil will remain unchanged. Soil will require only minor or no intervention to remain healthy. Infrequent monitoring of the soil resource is recommended. Salt accumulation is likely to be leached out of the soil profile with seasonal rainfall and standard irrigation/agronomic practices. Moderate impact on soil physical and chemical properties. Permeability of soil likely to be reduced. Increased sodicity in the soil may require the application of soil conditioners (e.g. gypsum/organic matter). Regular monitoring of the soil and water resource is recommended for the identification of suitable management strategy. Significant impact on soil physical and chemical properties in the medium to longer term. Permeability of soil will be reduced resulting in increased surface runoff and potentially erosion. Increased sodicity in the soil will require the application of soil conditioners (e.g. gypsum/organic matter). Regular monitoring of the soil and water resource is recommended for the identification of suitable management strategies. Improved irrigation management practices are recommended to manage soil chemical / physical properties to avoid long term impacts. 3 25
4 Soil Group 1 Soil Description: Landform: Common Soil Type Names: Soil Grouping Name: Massive sandy surface over a structured clay subsoil Plains or hillslopes Gooburrum, Meadowvale, Farnsfield, Quart SR1 Dermosols (sandy surface); includes non sodic Chromosols/Kurosols/Kandosols/Calcarosols 4 25
5 Texture Group Permeability Drainage Sodicity* Soil Salinity Surface Sand to loam High Rapid Low Low Subsoil Clay loam to clay High Well drained Low Low Risk to declining structure & permeability as a result irrigating with water high in sodium salts Permissible SAR Low <8 13 Key Considerations: Confirm that the soil mapping accurately reflects what is seen on the ground. Monitoring soil salt levels in the root zone and below is recommended to ensure salts are not concentrating. Maintain soil moisture between irrigation events to reduce the salinity levels concentrating in the soil. Growing crops sensitive to specific ions may require leaching to ensure plant toxicities do not occur (e.g. avocado sensitivity to chloride ions). Monitor soil surface for soil structure decline and reduced permeability manage as situation allows (e.g. apply gypsum or organic matter etc.) Apply soil ameliorants/conditioners (e.g. gypsum) to assist with the removal of sodium from the soil profile. Note: quantity and timing is critical. Minimise the area where saline water is applied, to reduce the salt stored in the soil. Application of gypsum prior to rainfall events may assist with flushing of salts from the soil profile. Maintain surface mulch to reduce salting of the soil surface as a result of evaporation. Maintaining soil health through organic matter retention, good nutrient management, and minimal traffic will increase soil resilience to the effects of irrigation induced soil salinity. Maintain surface mulch to reduce erosion of the soil surface as a result of rainfall and irrigation. Add organic matter/mulch to improve soil structure and surface permeability and to protect form rain drop impact (and consequent erosion). Consider planned leaching events at key salinity stress periods (e.g. for young or flowering crop) to manage soil salinity. Choose the best irrigation method that provides best water efficiency whilst conserving potential salt accumulation in the soil profile. Over irrigating will reduce irrigation efficiency and may result in the loss of nutrients or pesticides and further dissolution of salts from the soil profile. Excessive leaching may result in seepage or the contribution of a shallow groundwater table lower in the landscape. 5 25
6 Soil Group 2 & 3 Soil Description: Landform: Common Soil Type Names: Soil Grouping Loamy to clay loamy surface over structured clay subsoil. Plains, hillslopes or alluvial plains Kepnock, Oakwood, Isis, Flagstone, Gahan, Otoo, Mary, Watalgan, Mondure SR2 Dermosols (sealing loamy surface); includes non sodic Chromosols/Kurosols/Kandosols SR3 Dermosols (structured clay, clay loam surface) 6 25
7 Texture Group Permeability Drainage Sodicity* Soil Salinity Surface Loam to clay loam Moderate Well Low Low Subsoil Clay Moderate Moderately Low to Low to well moderate moderate Risk to declining structure & permeability as a result irrigating with water high in sodium salts Permissible SAR Low <5 13 Key Considerations: Confirm that the soil mapping accurately reflects what is seen on the ground. Monitoring soil salt levels in the root zone and below is recommended to ensure salts are not concentrating. Maintain soil moisture between irrigation events to reduce the salinity levels concentrating in the soil. Growing crops sensitive to specific ions may require leaching to ensure plant toxicities do not occur (e.g. avocado sensitivity to chloride ions). Monitor soil surface for soil structure decline and reduced permeability manage as situation allows (e.g. apply gypsum or organic matter etc.) Apply soil ameliorants/conditioners (e.g. gypsum) to assist with the removal of sodium from the soil profile. Note: quantity and timing is critical. Minimise the area where saline water is applied, to reduce the salt stored in the soil. Application of gypsum prior to rainfall events may assist with flushing of salts from the soil profile. Maintain surface mulch to reduce salting of the soil surface as a result of evaporation. Maintaining soil health through organic matter retention, good nutrient management, and minimal traffic will increase soil resilience to the effects of irrigation induced soil salinity. Maintain surface mulch to reduce erosion of the soil surface as a result of rainfall and irrigation. Add organic matter/mulch to improve soil structure and surface permeability and to protect form rain drop impact (and consequent erosion). Consider planned leaching events at key salinity stress periods (e.g. for young or flowering crop) to manage soil salinity. Choose the best irrigation method that provides best water efficiency whilst conserving potential salt accumulation in the soil profile. High clay content, compaction or soil sodicity can limit the leaching of salts in this soil type Excessive leaching may result in seepage or the contribution of a shallow groundwater table lower in the landscape. 7 25
8 Soil Group 4 Soil Description: Landform: Common Soil Type Names: Soil Grouping Structured clay soil (often red). Plains, hillcrests or hillslopes Childers, Wongarra, Telegraph SR4 Ferrosols 8 25
9 Texture Group Permeability Drainage Sodicity* Soil Salinity Surface Clay loam to clay High Well drained Low Low Subsoil Clay High Well drained Low Low Risk to declining structure & permeability as a result irrigating with water high in sodium salts Permissible SAR Low <5 10 Key Considerations: Confirm that the soil mapping accurately reflects what is seen on the ground. Monitoring soil salt levels in the root zone and below is recommended to ensure salts are not concentrating. Maintain soil moisture between irrigation events to reduce the salinity levels concentrating in the soil. Growing crops sensitive to specific ions may require leaching to ensure plant toxicities do not occur (e.g. avocado sensitivity to chloride ions). Monitor soil surface for soil structure decline and reduced permeability manage as situation allows (e.g. apply gypsum or organic matter etc.) Minimise the area where saline water is applied, to reduce the salt stored in the soil. Application of gypsum prior to rainfall events may assist with flushing of salts from the soil profile. Maintain surface mulch to reduce salting of the soil surface as a result of evaporation. Maintaining soil health through organic matter retention, good nutrient management, and minimal traffic will increase soil resilience to the effects of irrigation induced soil salinity. Maintain surface mulch to reduce erosion of the soil surface as a result of rainfall and irrigation. Add organic matter/mulch to improve soil structure and surface permeability and to protect form rain drop impact (and consequent erosion). Consider planned leaching events at key salinity stress periods (e.g. for young or flowering crop) to manage soil salinity. Choose the best irrigation method that provides best water efficiency whilst conserving potential salt accumulation in the soil profile. Over irrigating will reduce irrigation efficiency and may result in the loss of nutrients or pesticides and further dissolution of salts from the soil profile. High clay content, compaction or soil sodicity can limit the leaching of salts in this soil type Excessive leaching may result in seepage or the contribution of a shallow groundwater table lower in the landscape. 9 25
10 Soil Group 5 Soil Description: Landform: Common Soil Type Names: Soil Grouping Seasonally wet. Sandy surface of varying thicknesses over a nonsodic to sodic subsoils (often texture contrast soils) Plains, hillslopes or drainage lines Alloway, Mahogany, Robur, Kinkuna, Wallum SR5 Hydrosols (sandy surfaced) 10 25
11 Texture Group Permeability Drainage Sodicity* Soil Salinity Surface Sand to loam High Poorly Low Low to high Subsoil Sand to clay Slow to high Poorly Low to moderate Low to high NOTE: Surface depth can be variable. These soils are prone to surface salting as a result of a shallow groundwater table. Risk to declining structure & permeability as a result irrigating with water high in sodium salts Permissible SAR Low <5 Key Considerations: Confirm that the soil mapping accurately reflects what is seen on the ground. Monitoring soil salt levels in the root zone and below is recommended to ensure salts are not concentrating. Knowledge of sodium levels (or SAR) in irrigation water is critical for managing soil health following irrigation applications. Maintain soil moisture between irrigation events to reduce the salinity levels concentrating in the soil. Growing crops sensitive to specific ions may require leaching to ensure plant toxicities do not occur (e.g. avocado sensitivity to chloride ions). Monitor soil surface for soil structure decline and reduced permeability manage as situation allows (e.g. apply gypsum or organic matter etc.) Apply soil ameliorants/conditioners (e.g. gypsum) to assist with the removal of sodium from the soil profile. Note: quantity and timing is critical. Minimise the area where saline water is applied, to reduce the salt stored in the soil. Application of gypsum prior to rainfall events may assist with flushing of salts from the soil profile. Maintain surface mulch to reduce salting of the soil surface as a result of evaporation. Maintaining soil health through organic matter retention, good nutrient management, and minimal traffic will increase soil resilience to the effects of irrigation induced soil salinity. Maintain surface mulch to reduce erosion of the soil surface as a result of rainfall and irrigation. Add organic matter/mulch to improve soil structure and surface permeability and to protect form rain drop impact (and consequent erosion). Consider planned leaching events at key salinity stress periods (e.g. for young or flowering crop) to manage soil salinity. Choose the best irrigation method that provides best water efficiency whilst conserving potential salt accumulation in the soil profile. Where irrigating a salt sensitive crop, improve drainage to assist the leaching of salts from the root zone (e.g. mounding). Manage erosion risk. High clay content, compaction, soil sodicity, or a high water table can limit the leaching of salts in this soil. Over irrigation can cause waterlogging
12 Soil Group 6 Soil Description: Landform: Common Soil Type Names: Soil Grouping Seasonally wet. Loamy surface over a clay sodic subsoils (often texture contrast soils). Plains, hillslopes or drainage lines Clayton, Alloway, Kalah (Tirroan, Kolbore, Robur, Winfield) SR6 Hydrosols (sealing loamy surfaced) 12 25
13 Texture Group Permeability Drainage Sodicity* Soil Salinity Surface Loam to clay loam Moderate Poor Low Low to high Subsoil Clay Slow Poor Moderate to high Low to high NOTE: These soils are prone to surface salting as a result of a shallow groundwater table. Risk to declining structure & permeability as a result irrigating with water high in sodium salts Permissible SAR Moderate to high <5 Key Considerations: Confirm that the soil mapping accurately reflects what is seen on the ground. Monitoring soil salt levels in the root zone and below is recommended to ensure salts are not concentrating. Knowledge of sodium levels (or SAR) in irrigation water is critical for managing soil health following irrigation applications. Maintain soil moisture between irrigation events to reduce the salinity levels concentrating in the soil. Growing crops sensitive to specific ions may require leaching to ensure plant toxicities do not occur (e.g. avocado sensitivity to chloride ions). Monitor soil surface for soil structure decline and reduced permeability manage as situation allows (e.g. apply gypsum or organic matter etc.) Apply soil ameliorants/conditioners (e.g. gypsum) to assist with the removal of sodium from the soil profile. Note: quantity and timing is critical. Minimise the area where saline water is applied, to reduce the salt stored in the soil. Application of gypsum prior to rainfall events may assist with flushing of salts from the soil profile. Maintain surface mulch to reduce salting of the soil surface as a result of evaporation. Maintaining soil health through organic matter retention, good nutrient management, and minimal traffic will increase soil resilience to the effects of irrigation induced soil salinity. Maintain surface mulch to reduce erosion of the soil surface as a result of rainfall and irrigation. Add organic matter/mulch to improve soil structure and surface permeability and to protect form rain drop impact (and consequent erosion). Consider planned leaching events at key salinity stress periods (e.g. for young or flowering crop) to manage soil salinity. Choose the best irrigation method that provides best water efficiency whilst conserving potential salt accumulation in the soil profile. Where irrigating a salt sensitive crop, improve drainage to assist the leaching of salts from the root zone (e.g. mounding). Manage erosion risk. High clay content, compaction, soil sodicity, or a high water table can limit the leaching of salts in this soil. Over irrigation can cause waterlogging
14 Soil Group 7 Soil Description: Landform: Common Soil Type Names: Soil Grouping Seasonally wet. Clay loam or clay surface over structured sodic subsoils (sometimes texture contrast soils). Plains, hillslopes or drainage lines Fairydale, Fairymead, Ashgrove, Bingera, Tandora SR7 Hydrosols (structured clay/clay loam surface) including Organosols 14 25
15 Texture Group Permeability Drainage Sodicity* Soil Salinity Surface Clay loam to clay Moderate Poor Low to moderate Low to high Subsoil Clay Slow Poor Moderate to high Low to high Risk to declining structure & permeability as a result irrigating with water high in sodium salts Permissible SAR High <5 Key Considerations: Confirm that the soil mapping accurately reflects what is seen on the ground. Monitoring soil salt levels in the root zone and below is recommended to ensure salts are not concentrating. Knowledge of sodium levels (or SAR) in irrigation water is critical for managing soil health following irrigation applications. Maintain soil moisture between irrigation events to reduce the salinity levels concentrating in the soil. Growing crops sensitive to specific ions may require leaching to ensure plant toxicities do not occur (e.g. avocado sensitivity to chloride ions). Monitor soil surface for soil structure decline and reduced permeability manage as situation allows (e.g. apply gypsum or organic matter etc.) Apply soil ameliorants/conditioners (e.g. gypsum) to assist with the removal of sodium from the soil profile. Note: quantity and timing is critical. Minimise the area where saline water is applied, to reduce the salt stored in the soil. Application of gypsum prior to rainfall events may assist with flushing of salts from the soil profile. Maintain surface mulch to reduce salting of the soil surface as a result of evaporation. Maintaining soil health through organic matter retention, good nutrient management, and minimal traffic will increase soil resilience to the effects of irrigation induced soil salinity. Maintain surface mulch to reduce erosion of the soil surface as a result of rainfall and irrigation. Add organic matter/mulch to improve soil structure and surface permeability and to protect form rain drop impact (and consequent erosion). Consider planned leaching events at key salinity stress periods (e.g. for young or flowering crop) to manage soil salinity. Choose the best irrigation method that provides best water efficiency whilst conserving potential salt accumulation in the soil profile. Where irrigating a salt sensitive crop, improve drainage to assist the leaching of salts from the root zone (e.g. mounding). Manage erosion risk. High clay content, compaction, soil sodicity, or a high water table can limit the leaching of salts in this soil. Over irrigation can cause waterlogging
16 Soil Group 8 Soil Description: Landform: Common Soil Type Names: Soil Grouping: Shallow soils over rock. NB: Soil grouping is complex and may include other soils. Hillslopes or hillcrests Eerwah, Riverleigh, Cd.3 SR8 Rudosols/Tenosols (loamy) 16 25
17 Texture Group Permeability Drainage Sodicity* Soil Salinity Moderate to Imperfect to Surface Sand to clay Low Low high rapid Subsoil Rock NA NA NA NA Risk to declining structure & permeability as a result irrigating with water high in sodium salts Permissible SAR Low to Moderate < 5 20 Key Considerations: Confirm that the soil mapping accurately reflects what is seen on the ground. Monitoring soil salt levels in the root zone and below is recommended to ensure salts are not concentrating. Knowledge of sodium levels (or SAR) in irrigation water is critical for managing soil health following irrigation applications. Maintain soil moisture between irrigation events to reduce the salinity levels concentrating in the soil. Growing crops sensitive to specific ions may require leaching to ensure plant toxicities do not occur (e.g. avocado sensitivity to chloride ions). Monitor soil surface for soil structure decline and reduced permeability manage as situation allows (e.g. apply gypsum or organic matter etc.) Apply soil ameliorants/conditioners (e.g. gypsum) to assist with the removal of sodium from the soil profile. Note: quantity and timing is critical. Minimise the area where saline water is applied, to reduce the salt stored in the soil. Application of gypsum prior to rainfall events may assist with flushing of salts from the soil profile. Maintain surface mulch to reduce salting of the soil surface as a result of evaporation. Maintaining soil health through organic matter retention, good nutrient management, and minimal traffic will increase soil resilience to the effects of irrigation induced soil salinity. Maintain surface mulch to reduce erosion of the soil surface as a result of rainfall and irrigation. Add organic matter/mulch to improve soil structure and surface permeability and to protect form rain drop impact (and consequent erosion). Consider planned leaching events at key salinity stress periods (e.g. for young or flowering crop) to manage soil salinity. Choose the best irrigation method that provides best water efficiency whilst conserving potential salt accumulation in the soil profile. Over irrigating will reduce irrigation efficiency and may result in the loss of nutrients or pesticides and further dissolution of salts from the soil profile. High clay content, compaction or soil sodicity can limit the leaching of salts in this soil type Excessive leaching may result in seepage or the contribution of a shallow groundwater table lower in the landscape
18 Soil Group 9 Soil Description: Landform: Common Soil Type Names: Soil Grouping: Loamy to clay loamy surface, sodic texture contrast soil Plains, hillslopes or old alluvial plains Tirroan, Avondale, Auburn, Kolan, Peep, Marshlands, Booloongie, Givleda, Butcher, Turpin, Moorland, Washpool SR9 Sodosols (loamy surface) including sodic Chromosols/Kurosols/ Kandosols/Calcarosols 18 25
19 Texture Group Permeability Drainage Sodicity* Soil Salinity Loam to clay Moderate to Low to Surface Moderate Low loam Imperfect moderate Moderate to Moderate to Subsoil Clay Slow High Imperfect high Risk to declining structure & permeability as a result irrigating with water high in sodium salts Permissible SAR High < 5 Key Considerations: Confirm that the soil mapping accurately reflects what is seen on the ground. Monitoring soil salt levels in the root zone and below is recommended to ensure salts are not concentrating. Knowledge of sodium levels (or SAR) in irrigation water is critical for managing soil health following irrigation applications. Maintain soil moisture between irrigation events to reduce the salinity levels concentrating in the soil. Growing crops sensitive to specific ions may require leaching to ensure plant toxicities do not occur (e.g. avocado sensitivity to chloride ions). Monitor soil surface for soil structure decline and reduced permeability manage as situation allows (e.g. apply gypsum or organic matter etc.) Apply soil ameliorants/conditioners (e.g. gypsum) to assist with the removal of sodium from the soil profile. Note: quantity and timing is critical. Minimise the area where saline water is applied, to reduce the salt stored in the soil. Application of gypsum prior to rainfall events may assist with flushing of salts from the soil profile. Maintain surface mulch to reduce salting of the soil surface as a result of evaporation. Maintaining soil health through organic matter retention, good nutrient management, and minimal traffic will increase soil resilience to the effects of irrigation induced soil salinity. Maintain surface mulch to reduce erosion of the soil surface as a result of rainfall and irrigation. Add organic matter/mulch to improve soil structure and surface permeability and to protect form rain drop impact (and consequent erosion). Consider planned leaching events at key salinity stress periods (e.g. for young or flowering crop) to manage soil salinity. Choose the best irrigation method that provides best water efficiency whilst conserving potential salt accumulation in the soil profile. Where irrigating a salt sensitive crop, improve drainage to assist the leaching of salts from the root zone (e.g. mounding). Manage erosion risk. High clay content, compaction, soil sodicity, or a high water table can limit the leaching of salts in this soil. Over irrigation can cause waterlogging
20 Soil Group 10/11 Soil Description: Landform: Common Soil Type Names: Soil Grouping: Sandy surface, sodic texture contrast soil. Plains, hillslopes or old alluvial plains Summerville, Turpin, Gall, Tirroan, Crossing, Gigoon SR10 Sodosols (moderately deep (>0.5m) sandy surface); including sodic Chromosols/Kurosols/ Kandosols 20 25
21 Texture Group Permeability Drainage Sodicity* Soil salinity Surface Sand High Moderately well to imperfect Low Low Subsoil Clay Slow Moderately Moderate to well to High high imperfect NOTE: Depth of sandy surface can vary between soils Risk to declining structure & permeability as a result irrigating with water high in sodium salts Permissible SAR Moderate < 5 Key Considerations: Confirm that the soil mapping accurately reflects what is seen on the ground. Monitoring soil salt levels in the root zone and below is recommended to ensure salts are not concentrating. Knowledge of sodium levels (or SAR) in irrigation water is critical for managing soil health following irrigation applications. Maintain soil moisture between irrigation events to reduce the salinity levels concentrating in the soil. Growing crops sensitive to specific ions may require leaching to ensure plant toxicities do not occur (e.g. avocado sensitivity to chloride ions). Monitor soil surface for soil structure decline and reduced permeability manage as situation allows (e.g. apply gypsum or organic matter etc.) Apply soil ameliorants/conditioners (e.g. gypsum) to assist with the removal of sodium from the soil profile. Note: quantity and timing is critical. Minimise the area where saline water is applied, to reduce the salt stored in the soil. Application of gypsum prior to rainfall events may assist with flushing of salts from the soil profile. Maintain surface mulch to reduce salting of the soil surface as a result of evaporation. Maintaining soil health through organic matter retention, good nutrient management, and minimal traffic will increase soil resilience to the effects of irrigation induced soil salinity. Maintain surface mulch to reduce erosion of the soil surface as a result of rainfall and irrigation. Add organic matter/mulch to improve soil structure and surface permeability and to protect form rain drop impact (and consequent erosion). Consider planned leaching events at key salinity stress periods (e.g. for young or flowering crop) to manage soil salinity. Choose the best irrigation method that provides best water efficiency whilst conserving potential salt accumulation in the soil profile. Where irrigating a salt sensitive crop, improve drainage to assist the leaching of salts from the root zone (e.g. mounding). Manage erosion risk. High clay content, compaction, soil sodicity, or a high water table can limit the leaching of salts in this soil. Over irrigation can cause waterlogging
22 Soil Group 12 Soil Description: Landform: Common Soil Type Names: Soil Grouping: Deep sandy and loamy soils. Plains and alluvial plans Burnett, Moore Park, Dillan, Burrum, Tantitha, Toogum, Fison, Wallum, Colvin SR12 Tenosols/Rudosols/Podosols (sandy) 22 25
23 Texture Group Permeability Drainage Sodicity* Soil salinity Surface Sand to loam High Rapid Low Low Subsoil Sand to loam High Rapid Low Low Risk to declining structure and permeability as a result irrigating with water high in sodium salts Permissible SAR Low <13 to 20 Key Considerations: Confirm that the soil mapping accurately reflects what is seen on the ground. Monitoring soil salt levels in the root zone and below is recommended to ensure salts are not concentrating. Maintain soil moisture between irrigation events to reduce the salinity levels concentrating in the soil. Growing crops sensitive to specific ions may require leaching to ensure plant toxicities do not occur (e.g. avocado sensitivity to chloride ions). Monitor soil surface for soil structure decline and reduced permeability manage as situation allows (e.g. apply gypsum or organic matter etc.) Minimise the area where saline water is applied, to reduce the salt stored in the soil. Application of gypsum prior to rainfall events may assist with flushing of salts from the soil profile. Maintain surface mulch to reduce salting of the soil surface as a result of evaporation. Maintaining soil health through organic matter retention, good nutrient management, and minimal traffic will increase soil resilience to the effects of irrigation induced soil salinity. Maintain surface mulch to reduce erosion of the soil surface as a result of rainfall and irrigation. Add organic matter/mulch to improve soil structure and surface permeability and to protect form rain drop impact (and consequent erosion). Consider planned leaching events at key salinity stress periods (e.g. for young or flowering crop) to manage soil salinity. Choose the best irrigation method that provides best water efficiency whilst conserving potential salt accumulation in the soil profile. Over irrigating will reduce irrigation efficiency and may result in the loss of nutrients or pesticides and further dissolution of salts from the soil profile. Excessive leaching may result in seepage or the contribution of a shallow groundwater table lower in the landscape
24 Soil Group 13 Soil Description: Landform: Common Soil Type Names: Soil Grouping: Cracking clays. Plains and alluvial plans Walla, Rubyanna SR13 Vertosols 24 25
25 Texture Group Permeability Drainage Sodicity* Soil salinity Imperfect to Low to Surface Clay Moderate moderately Low to high moderate well Subsoil Clay Slow to moderate Imperfect to moderately well Moderate to high Moderate to high Risk to declining structure & permeability as a result irrigating with water high in sodium salts Permissible SAR Moderate <5 Key Considerations: Confirm that the soil mapping accurately reflects what is seen on the ground. Monitoring soil salt levels in the root zone and below is recommended to ensure salts are not concentrating. Knowledge of sodium levels (or SAR) in irrigation water is critical for managing soil health following irrigation applications. Maintain soil moisture between irrigation events to reduce the salinity levels concentrating in the soil. Growing crops sensitive to specific ions may require leaching to ensure plant toxicities do not occur (e.g. avocado sensitivity to chloride ions). Monitor soil surface for soil structure decline and reduced permeability manage as situation allows (e.g. apply gypsum or organic matter etc.) Apply soil ameliorants/conditioners (e.g. gypsum) to assist with the removal of sodium from the soil profile. Note: quantity and timing is critical. Minimise the area where saline water is applied, to reduce the salt stored in the soil. Application of gypsum prior to rainfall events may assist with flushing of salts from the soil profile. Maintain surface mulch to reduce salting of the soil surface as a result of evaporation. Maintaining soil health through organic matter retention, good nutrient management, and minimal traffic will increase soil resilience to the effects of irrigation induced soil salinity. Maintain surface mulch to reduce erosion of the soil surface as a result of rainfall and irrigation. Add organic matter/mulch to improve soil structure and surface permeability and to protect form rain drop impact (and consequent erosion). Consider planned leaching events at key salinity stress periods (e.g. for young or flowering crop) to manage soil salinity. Choose the best irrigation method that provides best water efficiency whilst conserving potential salt accumulation in the soil profile. Where irrigating a salt sensitive crop, improve drainage to assist the leaching of salts from the root zone (e.g. mounding). Manage erosion risk. High clay content, compaction, soil sodicity, or a high water table can limit the leaching of salts in this soil. Over irrigation can cause waterlogging
Management strategies for saline irrigation Considerations for citrus production
Management strategies for saline irrigation Considerations for citrus production Peter Rigden, Development Horticulturalist, Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry Queensland. These notes are
More informationRestoration of Degraded Soils
Restoration of Degraded Soils Saline Soils Electrical Conductivity (EC) 4dS m -1 Sodic Soils EC
More informationPuricare s approach to Brackish Water Irrigation and Saline Soils
Puricare s approach to Brackish Water Irrigation and Saline Soils During dry summer months many farmers experience serious problems with the increased salinity of irrigation water due to more intensive
More informationUnearthing problem soils in the Lachlan Valley
Vol 24, No 1, page 32 February-March, 2003 The Australian Cottongrower Unearthing problem soils in the Lachlan Valley By Edward Cay and Stephen Cattle, The University of Sydney and Australian Cotton CRC
More informationSalinity Management in Alfalfa Fields
Salinity Management in Alfalfa Fields Michelle Leinfelder-Miles Delta Farm Advisor, San Joaquin County KAC Alfalfa and Forage Field Day September 12, 2014 Presentation outline Background salts, soils,
More informationSoil. Acidic soils... 1/19/2014
Soil Chapter 8 Acidic Soils & Salt Affected Soils Pages 229 262 About 2.5 billion acres of mostly cultivated lands are affected by soil salinity Treating ph problems is less difficult than managing and
More informationSaline and Sodic Field Demonstration project
Saline and Sodic Field Demonstration project 2007-2013 Tile drainage will help decrease the soluble salt level over time but does not address parts of the field that have sodium issues as well. Reclamation
More informationHEALTHY SOILS LANDHOLDER SERIES PROPERTY PLANNING GUIDE CHARACTERISTICS OF A HEALTHY SOIL LANDHOLDER SERIES - PROPERTY PLANNING GUIDE HEALTHY SOILS
LANDHOLDER SERIES PROPERTY PLANNING GUIDE Soil health refers to the condition of the soil and its potential to sustain biological functioning, maintain environmental quality, and promote plant and animal
More informationManagement of Sodic Soils in Alberta
June 2010 Agdex 518-20 Management of Sodic Soils in Alberta The two main types of salt-affected soils found in Alberta are soils and sodic soils. Saline soils are soils with a high enough concentration
More informationIf your soil has a high salinity content, the plants
E-60 7-01 Managing Soil Salinity Tony Provin and J.L. Pitt* If your soil has a high salinity content, the plants growing there will not be as vigorous as they would be in normal soils. Seeds will germinate
More informationSUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Laboratory studies were conducted on clay, clay loam and sandy loam soils to study the effect of irrigation water qualities on hydraulic, dispersion and swelling properties. Twenty-seven
More informationHomework Activity Jar Test for Soil Texture
Homework Activity Jar Test for Soil Texture Background: 1. What is soil? 2. What natural factors influence the formation of soil? 3. How will the depth of each horizon in your soil profile affect your
More informationSoil Quality / Understanding Soil Health what are we missing?
Soil Quality / Understanding Soil Health what are we missing? Soil Quality Test Kit Clarence Chavez Soil Scientist The USDA is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer Soils are not machines: It s an
More informationSoil Chemistry. Key Terms.
Soil Chemistry Key Terms Key Terms in Soil Chemistry Buffering capacity - this is the soil's ability to resist changes in soil ph. Soils with a high buffering capacity require a great deal of amendment
More informationTopoclimate Southland Soil Technical Data Sheet No Waiau
This Technical Data Sheet describes the typical average properties of the specified soil. It is essentially a summary of information obtained from one or more profiles of this soil that were examined and
More informationSoil Water Relationships
Soil Water Relationships Dr. Aimee Taylor Soil Particles Particle Sand Silt Clay Size in mm < 2mm 0.05 mm 0.05-0.002 mm
More informationReclamation and Management of Alkaline Soils
Reclamation and Management of Alkaline Soils S alt-affected soils have excess of soluble salts and/or excess of exchangeable sodium with accompanying high ph. Both these conditions degrade the soils and
More information2012 FINAL SOILS AREA 2 Envirothon Questions Answer KEY
2012 FINAL SOILS AREA 2 Envirothon Questions Answer KEY Questions 1-6 to be answered at the soil pit: 1. Soil scientists categorize soils by drainage classes. What is the drainage class of the soil at
More information6 MAJOR SOIL FACTORS CONSIDERED IN LAND EVALUATION
6 MAJOR SOIL FACTORS CONSIDERED IN LAND EVALUATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The selected major soil factors from the SDBm are soil organic matter content, ph, carbonate content, cation exchange capacity,
More informationIntroduction to Environmental Science. Soil Characteristics. Chapter 11 Soil
Chapter 11 Soil Soil Characteristics It s more than dirt Most soils are 100s of years old Weathering breaks down parent rock Soil Separates (particle types) Sand (largest) Silt Clay (smallest) Plants contribute
More informationProgress Toward Updated Subsoil SAR Remediation Guidelines Below the Root-Zone
Progress Toward Updated Subsoil SAR Remediation Guidelines Below the Root-Zone Presented at: RemTech 2011 Banff, Alberta Presentation by: Greg Huber, M.Sc., P.Eng, PMP Anthony Knafla, M.Sc., DABT Lori
More informationHORT 102: Soil Properties. Cultivated Plants: Lecture 15. [Teresa Koenig] Slide #: 1 Slide Title: Intro Information Slide
HORT 102: Soil Properties Cultivated Plants: Lecture 15 [Teresa Koenig] Slide #: 1 Slide Title: Intro Information Slide Title: Lecture 15 Soil Properties Speaker: Teresa Koenig Created by: Teresa Koenig,
More informationSoil Texture and Structure. Chris Thoreau February 24, 2012
Soil Texture and Structure Chris Thoreau February 24, 2012 Soil texture refers to the relative amount of sand, silt, and clay found in a soil The mixture of these components affects the feel of the soil
More information2016 Area 3 Envirothon Muskingum County Soils Test ANSWER KEY
2016 Area 3 Envirothon Muskingum County Soils Test ANSWER KEY 1. The majority of the bedrock in Muskingum County is. a. sedimentary bedrock b. glacial bedrock c. igneous bedrock d. metamorphic bedrock
More informationSoil characteristics that influence nitrogen and water management
Section C Soil characteristics that influence nitrogen and water management Soil characteristics vary across the landscape Soils vary from one field to another, and often within the same field. Soil differences
More information2014 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam
2014 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 1. Landscape position is one aspect of evaluating the surface features of a certain tract of land. Identifying the correct landscape position will indicate: a. If the
More informationIrrigation. Soil, Water and Plant. Characteristics Important to. AE1675 (Revised)
AE1675 (Revised) Soil, Water and Plant Characteristics Important to Irrigation Revised by Thomas F. Scherer, Extension Agricultural Engineer David Franzen, Extension Soil Science Specialist Larry Cihacek,
More information2018 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 1. Landscape positions characterizes the location of the soil on the landscape and identifies potential risks.
2018 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 1. Landscape positions characterizes the location of the soil on the landscape and identifies potential risks. Which landscape position is considered the floodplain
More informationTopoclimate Southland Soil Technical Data Sheet No. 23. Waikiwi
This Technical Data Sheet describes the typical average properties of the specified soil. It is essentially a summary of information obtained from one or more profiles of this soil that were examined and
More informationSoil Properties That Distinguish Ecological Sites
Soil Properties That Distinguish Ecological Sites Mike Duniway USGS-Southwest Biological Science Center Canyonlands Research Station Moab, UT mduniway@usgs.gov Spokane, WA January 31, 2012 Ecological Sites
More informationNDSU. Groundwater and Its Effect on Crop Production
Groundwater and Its Effect on Crop Production Background: Groundwater is characterized as subsurface water and the water-table is the upper surface of the groundwater. Water-table also marks the boundary
More informationLand Capability Classifications
Land Capability Classifications Unit: Soil Science Problem Area: Basic Principles of Soil Science Student Learning Objectives. Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following
More informationDo Now: From which materials do you think soil is made? Are all soils the same? Think of some ways that they are different?
Do Now: From which materials do you think soil is made? Are all soils the same? Think of some ways that they are different? Basics Soil is a major component of the biosphere It contains solids, liquids
More information3. What are the five master horizons? Give distinguishing features of each. 5. List three means by which plant roots come into contact with nutrients.
Study Questions Exam 1 1. What are the four general components of soil? 2. Define regolith and solum. 3. What are the five master horizons? Give distinguishing features of each. 4. What is meant by an
More informationIowa FFA Soil Career Development Event 2008
Iowa FFA Soil Career Development Event 2008 1. In Iowa, corn suitability ratings for soil mapping units specifies a. natural weather conditions b. surface and subsurface drainage installed where needed
More informationTopoclimate Southland Soil Technical Data Sheet No. 8. Sobig
This Technical Data Sheet describes the typical average properties of the specified soil. It is essentially a summary of information obtained from one or more profiles of this soil that were examined and
More informationSoil Resources. Soil Horizons
Soil Resources Soil Uppermost layer of earth s crust that supports plants, animals and microbes Soil Forming Factors Parent Material Time Climate Organisms Topography Soil Composition Mineral Particles
More informationChapter 2.2. Basic Soil-Plant Interactions. learning objectives
Basic Soil-Plant Interactions learning objectives Describe the process of cation exchange in soils and its implications for crop nutrition. Briefly explain the importance of soil organic matter for crop
More informationSoil Texture = %Sand, Silt & Clay in a soil.
Soils Soil Texture = %Sand, Silt & Clay in a soil. Soil texture is the single most important physical property of the soil. Knowing the soil texture alone will provide information about: 1) water flow
More informationTerminology & Soil Science. Andy Spetch
Terminology & Soil Science Andy Spetch 1 Presentation Soil Profile Soil Structure Soil Texture Compaction Cation Exchange Capacity Soil ph Nutrients / Organic Matter / EC / PTE s 2 What is Soil: A blend
More informationMature basalt volcanic soils
MANAGING NORTHLAND SOILS Mature basalt volcanic soils 8.1.2 Soil types in this group Kerikeri friable clay (KE) Kerikeri friable clay with large boulders (KEb) Matarau friable clay (MC, MCH*) Matarau friable
More informationFactoids on SC soils. Soils. What is Soil? Variability of soils in your yard. Soil Components. Soil Tilth 6/23/14
Factoids on SC soils Soils Managing Soils Over 100 different soil types Soil type covering largest areas 7.0% Ben Lomond Complex 50-70% slope 5.6% Lompoc Felton Complex 50-75% slope 5.8% Lompoc Felton
More informationGUIDELINE SPECIFICATIONS FOR SOIL MEDIA IN BIORETENTION SYSTEMS
GUIDELINE SPECIFICATIONS FOR SOIL MEDIA IN BIORETENTION SYSTEMS The following guideline specifications for soil media in bioretention systems have been prepared on behalf of the Facility for Advancing
More informationScheduling Irrigation for Horticultural Crops. Patrick Byers Regional Horticulture Specialist Greene County
Scheduling Irrigation for Horticultural Crops Patrick Byers Regional Horticulture Specialist Greene County Outline Soil characteristics Soil water characteristics Basic watering facts Scheduling irrigation
More informationScheduling Irrigation for Horticultural Crops
for Horticultural Crops Patrick Byers Regional Horticulture Specialist Greene County Outline Soil characteristics Soil water characteristics Basic watering facts Scheduling irrigation What is Soil? Soil
More informationPr gyp. A Soil and Plant Fertility Product. Improves Soil Fertility; Promotes Conservation and Sustainable Agriculture
Pr gyp TM A Soil and Plant Fertility Product Improves Soil Fertility; Promotes Conservation and Sustainable Agriculture Progyp Promotes Soil and Plant Fertility and Sustainable Agriculture Progyp is a
More informationSoils: Components and basic chemistry
Soils: Components and basic chemistry Justin Scheiner, Ph.D. Assistant Professor and Extension Viticulture Specialist Components of Soil 25% Water: atmosphere & soil reactions Minerals: decomposition of
More informationClass 1: Introduction to Soil Formation, Texture and Structure. Chris Thoreau February 11, 2012
Class 1: Introduction to Soil Formation, Texture and Structure Chris Thoreau February 11, 2012 Soil is a dynamic composition of: Minerals Water and its solutions Organic matter (detritus) Air and other
More informationSoil Drainage. Dr. Jim Walworth Dept. of Soil, Water & Environmental Sci. University of Arizona
Soil Drainage Dr. Jim Walworth Dept. of Soil, Water & Environmental Sci. University of Arizona Yield (kg kernel/cm 2 ) Y = (0.04*sand) + 0.79 R 2 = 0.57 Percent Sand Pecans like well-drained soil. In Arizona
More informationDO YOU KNOW YOUR SOILS? (Rev. 10/11)
DO YOU KNOW YOUR SOILS? (Rev. 10/11) Circle all the correct answers. 1. What is the layer normally present on the surface of the soil in cropped fields? a. O c. Ap e. B g. R b. A d. E f. C 2. Available
More informationSoil, Water & Plant Relationships. Lecture note for Soil and Water Management Course Prepared by Dr ND Nang
Soil, Water & Plant Relationships Lecture note for Soil and Water Management Course Prepared by Dr ND Nang Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum (SPAC) The SPAC is defined as the movement of water from the soil,
More informationLANDPKS TEACHING MANUAL
LANDPKS TEACHING MANUAL IMPLICATIONS FOR LAND DEGRADATION and RESTORATION FOR THE LandPKS LandInfo MODULE Contents: A description of LandPKS application indicators Indicators and how they impact land degradation
More informationURBAN SOILS & SEATTLE EXAMPLES
Class Results - Mystery Soil #1 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Sandy Clay Loam Sandy Loam Silty Loam Class Results - Mystery Soil #2 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Silty Clay Clay Loam Sandy Sandy Silty Sandy Silty Loamy Loam Clay
More informationLoam: About 40% sand, 40% silt, 20% clay. Mixture of pore sizes to balance water retention and aeration. Considered the best soil for growing crops.
Soil Characteristics Soil is formed from a combination of two Primary sources: Weathering of Parent Rock ( ) = material introduced by plants, animals, and decomposers Minor sources: Nutrients incorporated
More information27/01/2017. This event is being run by SAC Consulting. What is Soil?
This event is being run by SAC Consulting What is Soil? 1 Soil Texture It describes the physical composition of the soil % of sand, silt and clay Refers to the mineral fragments of the soil only water
More informationSOIL DATA: Avondale. in Allen, TX. This information was taken from NRCS web soil survey of Collin County, Texas.
SOIL DATA: Avondale in Allen, TX This information was taken from NRCS web soil survey of Collin County, Texas. United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service in cooperation with Texas
More informationUnderstanding Soils. 1. What is Soil? 2. What does soil do for us?
Understanding Soils 1. What is Soil? Soil: (i) The unconsolidated mineral or organic material on the immediate surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants. (ii) The
More informationTools to facilitate the use of Soil Maps in Emilia-Romagna region (Italy) Paola Tarocco
Tools to facilitate the use of Soil Maps in Emilia-Romagna region (Italy) Paola Tarocco Soil maps Vs Thematic maps Soil maps are not easy to manage. Legends are usually based on soil classifications (e.g.
More informationIf you are not able to turn in your notebook see me or Dan ASAP
Notebook Collection Collecting hard copies now OR Electronic versions using Catalyst drop box Due by 5:30 pm today Use website for link If you are not able to turn in your notebook see me or Dan ASAP URBAN
More informationPistachio Project Planning, Irrigation Systems and Irrigation Management. Trevor Sluggett Irrigation Agronomist AgriExchange Pty Ltd
Pistachio Project Planning, Irrigation Systems and Irrigation Management Trevor Sluggett Irrigation Agronomist AgriExchange Pty Ltd Excited About Pistachios A nut crop other than Almonds Good demand for
More information2017 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam
2017 Iowa FFA Soil Judging CDE Exam 1. Landscape positions vary in soil composition and makeup. What landscape position would be characterized by having strata and lenses of different textures in the profile:
More informationEDULABZ. Ans. (b) 7. The soft, porous layer with a good water-retaining capacity forms the
3 SOIL I. Multiple choice questions: Tick ( ) the correct choice. 1. The process of soil formation is called (a) conservation (b) weathering (c) erosion (d) none Ans. (b) 2. Soil profile consists of (a)
More informationSpecial Assignment for Wednesday: Watch video on soil texture analysis https://youtu.be/ioyabxj767s
Special Assignment for Wednesday: Watch video on soil texture analysis https://youtu.be/ioyabxj767s Lecture 3: Soil Physical Properties Important Physical Properties Soil Color: Most obvious physical property;
More informationTHE FOREST NURSERY AND ITS SOILS
THE FOREST NURSERY AND ITS SOILS Dr. Jack May, Professor School of Forestry University of Georgia Forest tree nurseries are located on a variety of soils ranging in texture from sand to silt loam in the
More informationAMMENDMENT OF SALT AFFECTED SOIL
By Suren Mishra, Ph.D. Tetra Technologies, Inc. 25025 I-45 North The Woodlands, TX 77380 AMMENDMENT OF SALT AFFECTED SOIL INTRODUCTION In general, soil is composed of sand, silt, humus and clays. Sand
More informationTeam number Page 1 of Canon Envirothon Soils Station Test. Soils and Climate Change
Team number Page 1 of 9 2006 Canon Envirothon Soils Station Test Soils and Climate Change There are many kinds of soil on the surface of the earth. The kind of soil that is present at a given location
More informationSoils and Land Use Test
SOIL PROPERTIES Total Score /50 1) List two of the five main functions of soil. (2 points) Habitat for organisms, Engineering medium, Filters and stores water, Anchor for plants, Cycles nutrients 2) Small
More informationSoil is. Pieces of rock Minerals Decaying organic matter Water Air Living organisms All mixed together!
Soil is. Pieces of rock Minerals Decaying organic matter Water Air Living organisms All mixed together! Soil Horizons the layers of soil O-horizon: the surface litter. Mainly black or brown A-horizon:
More informationAssessing and Amending Your Garden Soil Craig Cogger, Soil Scientist Emeritus Washington State University Puyallup
Assessing and Amending Your Garden Soil Craig Cogger, Soil Scientist Emeritus Washington State University Puyallup The soil is the great connector of our lives, the source and destination of all. - Wendell
More informationSports Field Audit Report 7th Brigade Park Cricket Field 2
Sports Field Audit Report 7th Brigade Park Cricket Field 2 Sampling Date: 3/04/2014 Address: Delaware Street, Chermside Region: North Field Size: 0.8 ha Irrigation: No Technigro Australia Pty Ltd PO Box
More informationCHECKLIST BMPs for FIELD NURSERIES REGULATIONS, SITE SELECTION, WATER MANAGEMENT
CHECKLIST BMPs for FIELD NURSERIES REGULATIONS, SITE SELECTION, WATER MANAGEMENT Regulations For information on the Wetlands Protection Act or the Water Management Act, contact the Massachusetts Department
More informationA Turf and Soil Fertility Product. Better Turf Performance Through Improved Soils.
A Turf and Soil Fertility Product Better Turf Performance Through Improved Soils. Turf-Gyp+ Promotes Turf and Soil Fertility Turf-Gyp+ provides vital nutrients and is a soil conditioner in one product.
More informationComponents of Soil. Humus: (a carbon sink) Dark brown or black color indicates high nitrogen content.
Components of Soil Humus: (a carbon sink) Dark brown or black color indicates high nitrogen content. Inorganic Soil Components: Particle Size: Clay- Very fine Silt- Fine Sand- Medium Gravel- Large Discuss
More information5.1 Introduction to Soil Systems IB ESS Mrs. Page
5.1 Introduction to Soil Systems IB ESS Mrs. Page 2015-2016 I Am Soil Thinking Routine: See, Think, Wonder Look at the following images. For each image write down what you see Then write down what you
More informationSoil testing Page 1. Contrary to what is widely believed, the colour of the soil reveals very little about its fertility.
Soil testing Page 1 Soil The Basics Soil is the uppermost surface of the earth, which has been slowly transformed by decomposition due to the effects of weather, vegetation and human activities. The parent
More informationOmbrogenous Peat Swamps and Development
Ombrogenous Peat Swamps and Development 1. Background 1.1. Formation of ombrogenous peat swamps Formation of ombrogenous peat is a geogenic process that results in the accumulation of plant debris in an
More informationSoil Structure and the Physical Fertility of Soil
12 17 th December 2015 Soil Structure and the Physical Fertility of Soil Christopher Johns Research Manager Northern Australia Key Points The physical properties of soil are at least as important as the
More information4/23/2018. Soil John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Lecture 14
Lecture 14 Soil Lecture 14 1. The Soil System 2. Soil Properties and Major Soil Types 3. Environmental Problems Related to Soil 4. Soil Conservation and Regeneration 1 The Soil System Soil Uppermost layer
More informationWhy do soils differ across the landscape?
Today s Objectives: Elements of soil formation Describe important soil physical & chemical properties Describe the ability to use and interpret soil survey information (printed and digital) List some site
More informationSoil Structure, Density, and Porosity. Laboratory #4
Soil Structure, Density, and Porosity Laboratory #4 Objectives Understand the concept of soil structure and how it differs from soil texture. Understand how soil structure influences other soil properties.
More informationAPPLICATION OF SOIL HOH
ERIC APPLICATION OF SOIL HOH Brian Tunstall Key words: bound soil water, soil water storage, land use impacts Abstract Results are presented to demonstrate the application of the Soil Heat of Hydration
More informationSoil Management: the basis of sustainable agriculture
Soil Management: the basis of sustainable agriculture FAB-465 Lecture 11 Lecture Outline Soil Formation Soil Structure/Texture Indicators of Soil Health or Fertility Soil Conservation Practices 1 Soil
More informationDefinitions in Handbook
HORT325: Soils & Fertilizers Soil Composition Soil Texture/Structure & Water Capacity Soil ph & Nutrient Availability Fertilizers Soil Testing Definitions in Handbook Soil Structure Soil Porosity Pore
More informationManaging Orchard Salinity During and After Drought. December 9, 2015
Managing Orchard Salinity During and After Drought December 9, 2015 Speakers Bob Curtis, Almond Board (Moderator) David Doll, UCCE Merced County David Doll, UCCE Merced County Understanding and Managing
More informationSoil Physical Properties
Soil Physical Properties ESRM 311 SEFS 507 Some examples of mineral soil development eg, Rock Weathering Types of Weathering Physical/Mechanical Chemical Biological Photo by D Vogt CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO
More informationTopoclimate Southland Soil Technical Data Sheet No. 11. Pukemutu
This Technical Data Sheet describes the typical average properties of the specified soil. It is essentially a summary of information obtained from one or more profiles of this soil that were examined and
More informationThe Dirt on Soil Science
The Dirt on Soil Science Dr. Laura Deeter deeter.7@osu.edu Ohio State ATI 1 Rough Outline Basic Michigan soil history Soil Basics What is soil Soil texture/particles ph Plant nutrients Organic Matter 2
More informationCCA Exam Prep Intro to Soil & Water
CCA Exam Prep Intro to Soil & Water Franz Niederholzer, UCCE Farm Advisor Colusa/Sutter/Yuba Counties fjniederholzer@ucanr.edu and Sharon Benes, Professor CSU, Fresno Physical soil properties Texture Structure
More informationDIRT! APES Laboratory Activity
Name: Part I: Soil Texture DIRT! APES Laboratory Activity Can one determine the texture of soil by examining the particles found in a particular sample? The purpose of this activity is to determine the
More informationLawn and Yard Care Choices
SYSTEM (n) Interacting and interdependent parts that form a whole. Whether you choose an exceptional lawn, low input lawn, conversion of lawn, or a combination of types Lawn and Yard Care Choices Thank
More informationWith the advancement of perennial production,
Getting to the Root of It Find out how to work best with media, water and fertilizer when growing perennials. By Paul Pilon With the advancement of perennial production, many operations are looking at
More informationTopoclimate Southland Soil Technical Data Sheet No. 76. Mossburn
This Technical Data Sheet describes the typical average properties of the specified soil. It is essentially a summary of information obtained from one or more profiles of this soil that were examined and
More informationDesign & Development of Automatic Soil Salinity Control System
Design & Development of Automatic Soil Salinity Control System Praveen Kumar Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering MVN University, Palwal, Haryana, India Dr. S. K. Luthra Vice Chancellor
More informationSoil Notes. General Soil Information
Soil Notes General Soil Information Definition Soil relatively thin surface layer of the Earth s crust consisting of mineral and organic matter that is affected by agents such as weather, wind, water,
More informationTHE TENNESSEE VEGETABLE GARDEN
THE BACKYARD SERIES BACKYARD VEGETABLES W 346-A THE TENNESSEE VEGETABLE GARDEN SITE SELECTION AND SOIL TESTING Natalie Bumgarner, Assistant Professor and UT Extension Residential and Consumer Horticulture
More informationSITE SUITABILITY FOR SPRAY IRRIGATION OF STORMWATER AND LOG SPRINKLER WASTEWATER IN STAGES 1 AND 2 AT THE SOUTHWOOD PROCESSING
SITE SUITABILITY FOR SPRAY IRRIGATION OF STORMWATER AND LOG SPRINKLER WASTEWATER IN STAGES 1 AND 2 AT THE SOUTHWOOD PROCESSING COMPLEX, SOUTHERN TASMANIA. Technical Report 18/2004 Mike Laffan and Sam Rees
More informationSoils of Oahu. Outline. Soils and Plant Nutrient Supply 2/20/2014
Soils of Oahu Jonathan Deenik Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences Outline Importance of Soils Soil Diversity on Oahu Soil Properties Diagnosis and soil testing Management for Health Soils and
More informationSoil Interpretations Erosion and Sedimentation Control Planning and Design Workshop
Soil Interpretations Erosion and Sedimentation Control Planning and Design Workshop Presented by Richard Brooks Presentation prepared by Kristin May Resource Soil Scientists USDA-Natural Resources Conservation
More informationFire Effects on Soil. Factsheet 2 of 6 in the Fire Effects on Rangeland Factsheet Series PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1 of 5 9/11/2009 1:58 PM Factsheet 2 of 6 in the Fire Effects on Rangeland Factsheet Series Fire Effects on Soil This factsheet will focus on how fire affects soils. All fires, regardless of whether they
More informationCALCULATING THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC MATTER ON SOIL WATER, NUTRIENT AND CARBON STORAGE
ERIC CALCULATING THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC MATTER ON SOIL WATER, NUTRIENT AND CARBON STORAGE Brian Tunstall Abstract The benefits of increasing soil organic matter include carbon sequestration and an increase
More information