PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC MICROPROPAGATION - ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL FOR PROMOTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Toyoki Kozai

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1 Propagation of Ornamental Plants Vol. 10, 4, 2010: PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC MICROPROPAGATION - ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL FOR PROMOTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS Toyoki Kozai Chiba University, Center for Environment, Health and Fields Sciences Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba , Japan, Fax: , kozai@faculty.chiba-u.jp REFERENCES Afreen-Zobayed F., Zobayed S. M. A., Kubota C., Kozai T. (1999). Supporting material affects the growth and development of in vitro sweet potato plantlets cultured photoautotrophically. In Vitro Cellular Developmental Bilogy-Plant, 35: Afreen-Zobayed F., Zobayed S. M. A., Kubota C., Kozai T., Hasegawa O. (2000). A combination of vermiculite and paper pulp supporting material for the photoautotrophic micropropagation of sweet potato. Plant Science, 157: Afreen F., Zobayed S. M. A., Kubota C., Kozai T. (2000). Physiology of in vitro plantlets grown photoautotrophically. In: Kubota C., Chun C. (Eds). Transplant Production in the 21st Century, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Afreen F., Zobayed S. M. A., Kozai T. (2001). Mass-propagation of coffee from photoautotrophic somatic embryos. In: Morohoshi N., Komamine A. (Eds). Molecular Breeding of Woody Plants, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science B.V.: Afreen F., Zobayed S. M. A., Kozai T. (2002a). Photoautotrophic culture of Coffea arabusta somatic embryos: photosynthetic ability and growth of different stage embryos. Annals of Botany, 90: Afreen F., Zobayed S. M. A., Kozai T. (2002b). Photoautotrophic culture of Coffea arabusta somatic embryos: development of a bioreactor for large scale plantlet conversion from cotyledonary embryos. Annals of Botany, 90: Afreen F., Zobayed S. M. A., Kozai T. T. (2005a). Development of photoautotrophy in Coffea somatic embryos enables mass production of clonal transplants. In: Hvoslef A. K., Preil W. (Eds). Liquid culture systems for in vitro plant propagation.springer, The Netherlands: Afreen F., Zobayed S. M. A., Kozai T. (2005b). Spectral quality and UV-B stress stimulate glycyrrhizin concentration of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in hydroponic and pot system. Plant Physiology and Biological Chemistry, 43: Afreen F., Zobayed S. M. A., Kozai T. (2006). Melatonin in Glycyrrhiza uralensis: response of plant roots to special quality of light and UV-B radiation.journal of Pineal Research, 41: Aitken-Christie J., Kozai T., Smith M. A. S. (Eds) (1995). Automation and environmental control in plant tissue culture. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 574 pp. Arigita L., González A., Sánchez Tamés R. (2002). Influence of CO 2 and sucrose on photosynthesis and transpiration of Actidinia deliciosa explants cultured in vitro. Physiologia Plantarum, 115: Capellades M., Lemeur R., Debergh P. (1991). Effect of sucrose on starch accumulation and rate of photosynthesis in Rosa cultured in vitro. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 25: Cha-um S., Supaibulwatana K., Kirdmanee C. (2005). Phenotypic responses of Thai jasmine rice to salt-stress under environmental control of in-vitro photoautotrophic system. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 4: Cha-um S., Roytrakul S., Kirdmanee C., Akutagawa I., Takagaki M. (2007). A rapid method for identifying salt tolerant water convolvulus (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) under in vitro photoautotrophic conditions. Plant Stress, 1: Chun C., Kozai T. (2001). A closed-type transplant production system. In: Morohoshi N., Komamine A. (Eds). Molecular Breeding of Woody Plants, Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Couceiro M. A., Afreen F., Zobayed S. M. A., Kozai T. (2006a). Enhanced growth and quality of St. John s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) under photoautotrophic in vitro conditions. In Vitro Cellular Developmental Bilogy-Plant, 42: Couceiro M. A., Afreen F., Zobayed S. M. A., Kozai T. (2006b). Variation in concentration of major bioactive compounds of St. John S wort: Effects of harvesting time, temperature and germplasm. Plant Science, 170: Cui Y. Y., Hahn E. J., Kozai T., Paek K. Y. (2000). Number of air exchanges, sucrose concentration, photosynthetic photon flux, and differences in photoperiod and dark period temperatures affect growth of Rehmannia glutinosa plantlets in vitro. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 81: Debergh P. C., Maene L. J. (1981). A scheme for commercial propagation of ornamental plants by tissue culture. Scientia Horticuturae, 14: De Proft M. P., Maene L. J., Debergh P. C. (1985). Carbon dioxide and ethylene evolution in the culture atmosphere of Mangolia cultured in vitro. Physiologia Plantarum, 65: Desjardins Y., Laforge, F., Lussier C., Gosselin A. (1988). Effect of CO 2 enrichment and high photosynthetic photon flux on the development of autotrophy and growth of tissue-cultured strawberry, raspberry and asparagus plants. Acta Horticulturae, 230: Desjardins Y., Lamarre M., Gosselin A. (1992). Photosynthesis and transpiration of in vitro cultured asparagus plantlets. Scientia Horticulturae, 49: Dube S. L., Vidaver W. (1992). Photosynthetic competence of plantlets grown in vitro. An automated system for measurement of photosynthesis in vitro. Physiologia Plantarum, 84:

2 Ermayanti T. M., Imelda M., Tajuddin T., Kubota C., Kozai T. (1999). Growth promotion by controlling the in vitro environment in the micropropagation of tropical plant species. Proceedings of International Workshop on Conservation and Sustainable Use of Tropical Bioresources, Nov 9-10, 1998, Tokyo, Japan: Erturk H., Walker P. N. (2000). Effects of light, carbon dioxide, and hormone levels on transformation to photoautotrophy of sugarcane shoots in micropropagation. Transactions of the American Society for Agricultural Engineers, 43: Falque M., Compan D., Galzy R. (1991). A method for the study of CO 2 exchanges in vitro cultured Vitis ruspestris plants. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 27: Fournioux J. C., Bessis R. (1986). Influence de la leneur en gaz carbonique sur la morphogenese de la vigne en culture in vitro. Canadian Journal of Botany, 64: Fujiwara K., Kozai T., Watanabe I. (1987). Measurement of carbon dioxide gas concentration in closed vessels containing tissue cultured plantlets and estimates of net photosynthetic rates of the plantlets. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology, 43: (in Japanese with English abstract). Fujiwara K., Kozai T., Watanabe I., (1988). Development of a photoautotrophic tissue culture system for shoot and/or plantlets at rooting and acclimatization stages. Acta Horticulturae, 23: Fujiwara K., Kozai T. (1995). Physical microenvironment and its effects. In: Aitken-Christie J., Kozai T., Smith M. A. L. (Eds). Automation and Environmental Control in Plant Tissue Culture. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers: Hayashi M., Kozai T., Tateno M., Fujiwara K., Kitaya Y. (1993). Effects of the lighting cycle on the growth and morphology of potato plantlets in vitro under photomixotrophic culture conditions. Environment Control in Biology, 31: (In Japanese with English abstract). Heo J., Kozai T. (1999). Forced ventilation micropropagation system for enhancing photosynthesis, growth and development of sweet potato plantlets. Environment Control in Biology, 37: Heo J., Wilson S. B., Kozai T. (2001). A forced ventilation micropropagation system for production of photoautotrophic sweetpotato plug plantlets in a scaled-up culture vessel. I. Growth and uniformity. HortTechnology, 11: Houllou-Kido L. M., Silva K. S., Rivas R., Dias A. L. F., Alves G. D. (2009). Viability of Noppalea cochenilifera (cv. IPA Sertania) photoautotrophic micropropagation. Acta Horticulturae, 811: Infante R., Magnanini E., Righettti B. (1989). The role of light and CO 2 in optimizing the conditions for shoot proliferation of Actinidia deliciosa in vitro. Physiologia Plantarum, 77: Ito R., Shimazu T., Tanaka I. (2010). A new method for measuring gas exchange rates of plant tissue culture vessels. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology, 66: (In Japanese with English abstract). Jarvis B. C. (1986). Endogenous control of adventitious rooting in non-woody cuttings. In: Michael B., Jackson M. B. (Eds). New Root Formation in Plants and Cuttings. Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers: Jeong B. R., Fujiwara K., Kozai T. (1993). Carbon dioxide enrichment in autotrophic micropropagation: Methods and advantages. HortTechnology, 3: Jeong B. R., Fujiwara K., Kozai T., (1995). Environmental control and photoautotrophic micropropagation. Horticultural Review (Ed. Janick J.), John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 17: Kataoka I. (1994). Influence of rooting substrate on the morphology of papaya root formed in vitro. Japanese Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 38: Kirdmanee C., Kitaya Y., Kozai T. (1995a). Effects of CO 2 enrichment and supporting material in vitro on photoautotrophic growth of Eucalyptus plantlets in vitro and ex vitro. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 31: Kirdmanee C., Kitaya Y., Kozai T. (1995b). Effects of CO 2 enrichment and supporting material on growth, photosynthesis and water potential of Eucalyptus shoots/plantlets cultured photoautotrophically in vitro. Environment Control in Biology, 33: Kirdmanee C., Kitaya Y., Kozai T. (1995c). Rapid acclimatization of eucalyptus plantlets by controlling photosynthetic photon flux density and relative humidity. Environment Control in Biology, 33: Kirdmanee C., Wichit P., Tharathorn T., Suriyan C., T. Michiko (2006). An effective in-vitro selection of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.) for NaCl -, KH 2 PO 4 - and temperature-stresses. Environment Control in Biology, 44: Kitaya Y., Ohmura Y., Kozai T., Kubota C. (1997). Visualization and analysis of air currents on plant tissue culture vessels. Environment Control in Biology, 35: Kitaya Y., Ohmura Y., Kubota C., Kozai T. (2005). Manipulation of the culture environment on in vitro air movement and its impact on plantlets photosynthesis. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 59: Kool L. T., Keng C. L., Toe C. T. K. (1999). In vitro rooting of Sentang shoots (Azadirachta excelsa L.) and acclimatization of the plantlets. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 35: Kozai T., Iwanami Y. (1988). Effects of CO 2 enrichment and sucrose concentration under high photon fluxes on plantlet growth of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) in tissue culture during the preparation stage. Journal of Japanese Society of Horticultural Science, 57: Kozai T., Kubota C., Watanabe I. (1988a). Effects of basal medium composition on the growth of carnation plantlets in auto- and mixo-trophic tissue culture. Acta Horticulturae, 230: Kozai T., Koyama Y., Watanabe I. (1988b). Multiplication and rooting of potato plantlets in vitro with sugar medium under high photosynthetic photon flux. Acta Horticulturae, 230: Kozai T., Sekimoto K. (1988). Effects of the number of air exchanges per hour of the closed vessel and the photosynthetic photon flux on the carbon dioxide concentration inside the vessel and the growth of strawberry plantlets in vitro. Environment Control in Biology, 26: (In Japanese with English abstract). Kozai T., Oki H., Fujiwara K. (1990). Photosynthetic characteristics of Cymbidium plantlet in vitro. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 22: Kozai T. (1991a). Photoautotrophic micropropagation. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 27:

3 Kozai T. (1991b). Acclimatization of micropropagated plants. In: Bajaj Y. P. S. (Ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 17: High-Tech and Micropropagation I, Springer Verlag, New York, N.Y., USA: Kozai T., Ohde N., Kubota C. (1991a). Similarity of growth patterns between plantlets and seedlings of Brassica campestris L. under different in vitro environmental conditions. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 24: Kozai T., Iwabuchi K. Watanabe K., Watanabe I. (1991b). Photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic growth of strawberry plantlets in vitro and changes in nutrient composition of the medium. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 25: Kozai T., Zimmerman R, Kiyata Y., Fujiwara K. (Eds) (1995a). Environmental effects and their control in plant tissue culture. Acta Horticulturae, 393, 230 pp. Kozai T., Kitaya Y., Fujiwara K., Smith M. A. A., Aitken-Christie J. (1995b). Environmental measurement and control systems. In: Aitken-Christie J., Kozai I., Smith M. A. L. (Eds). Automation and environment control in plant tissue culture. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kozai T., Zobayed S. M. A. (2000). Acclimatization. In: Spier R. E. (Ed). The encyclopedia of cell technology. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, USA: Kozai T., Chun C., Afreen F., Ohyama K. (2000). Necessity and concept of the closed transplant production system. In: Kubota C., Chun C. (Eds).Transplant Production in the 21st Century. Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Kluwer Academic publishers: Kozai T., Kubota C. (2001). Development a photoautotrophic micropropagation system for woody plants. Journal of Plant Research, 114: Kozai T., Xiao Y. (2005). A commercialized photoautotrophic micropropagation system. In: Gupta S., Ibaraki Y. (Eds). Plant Tissue Culture Engineering, Springer, Berlin: Kozai T., Afreen F., Zobayed S. M. A. (2005). Photoautotrophic (Sugar-Free Medium) micropropagation as a new propagation and transplant production system. Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Springer, 315 pp. Kozai T., Nguyen T. Q., Xiao Y. (2006). A commercialized photoautotrophic micropropagation system using large vessels with forced ventilation: plant growth and economic benefits. Acta Horticulturae, 725: Kozai T. (2007). Propagation, grafting and transplant production in closed systems with artificial lighting for commercialization in Japan. Propagation of Ornamental Plants, 7: Kubota C., Kozai T. (1992). Growth and net photosynthetic rate of Solanum tuberosum in vitro under forced and natural ventilation. HortScience, 27: Kubota C., Fujiwara K., Kitaya Y., Kozai T. (1997). Recent advances in environmental control in micropropagation. In: Goto E., Kurata K., Hayashi M., Sase S. (Eds). Plant production in Closed Ecosystems, Kluwer Academic Publishers: Kubota C., Chun C. (Eds) (2000). Transplant Production in the 21st Century. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 335 pp. Kubota C., Kozai T. (2001) Growth and net photosynthetic rate of tomato plantlets during photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic micropropagation. HortScience, 3: Kurata K., Kozai T. (1992). Transplant Production Systems. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 335 pp. Liao F., Wang B., Zhang M., Xu F., Lian F. (2007). Response to sucrose-free culture and diffusive ventilation of plantlets in vitro of Gerbera jamesonii and photoautotrophic growth potential. Acta Horticulturae, 764: Lucchesini M., Mensuali-Sodi A., Massai R., Gucci R. (2001). Development of autotrophy and tolerance to acclimatization of Myrtus communis transplants cultured in vitro under different aeration. Biologia Plantarum, 44: Lucchesini M., Monteforti G., Mensuali-Sodi A., Serra G. (2006). Leaf ultrastructure, photosynthetic rate and growth of myrtle plantlets under different in vitro culture conditions. Biologia Plantarum, 50: Majada J. P., Fall M. A., Tadeo F., Sànchez-Tamés R. (2002). Effects of natural ventilation on leaf ultrastructure of Dianthus caryophyllus L. cultured in vitro. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 38: Miyashita Y., Kitaya Y., Kubota C., Kozai T. (1995). Photoautotrophic growth of potato plantlets as affected by explant leaf area, fresh weight and stem length. Scientia Horticulturae, 65: Mosaleeyanon K., Cha-um S., Kirdmanee C. (2004). Enhanced growth and photosynthesis of Rain Tree (Samanea saman) plantlets in vitro under CO 2 enrichment with decreased sucrose concentration in the medium. Scientia Horticulturae, 103: Mosaleeyanon K., Zobayed S. M. A., Afreen F., Kozai T. (2005). Relationships between net photosynthetic rate and secondary metabolite contents in St. Jon s wort. Plant Science, 169: Mosaleeyanon K., Zobayed S. M. A., Afreen F., Kozai T. (2006). Enhancement of biomass and secondary metabolite production of St. Jhon s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) under a controlled environment. Environment Control in Biology, 44: Murashige T., Skoog F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15: Nagae S., Takamura T., Watanabe T., Murakami A., Murakami K. Tanaka M. (1996). In vitro shoot development of Eucalyptus citriodora on rockwool in the film culture vessel under CO 2 enrichment. Journal of Forest Resaeach, 1: Nguyen Q. T., Kozai T., Nguyen K. L., Nguyen U. V., (1999a). Photoautotrophic micropropagation of tropical plants. In: Altman A., Ziv M., Izhar S. (Eds). Plant biotechnology and in vitro biology in the 21 st Century, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Nguyen T. Q., Kozai T., Nguyen K. L., Nguyen U. V. (1999b). Effects of sucrose concentration, supporting material and number of air exchanges of the vessel on the growth of in vitro coffee plantlets. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 58: Nguyen T. Q., Kozai T., Niu G., Nguyen U. V. (1999c). Photosynthetic characteristics of coffee (Coffea arabusta) plantlets in vitro in response to different CO 2 concentrations and light intensities. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 55: Nguyen Q. T., Kozai T. (2001a). Growth of in vitro banana (Musa SPP.) shoots under photomixotrophic and photoautotrophic conditions. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 37: Nguyen Q. T., Kozai T., Heo J., Thai D. X. (2001b). Photoautotrophic growth response of in vitro cultured coffea plantlets to ventila-

4 tion methods and photosynthetic photon fluxes under carbon dioxide enriched condition. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 66: Nhut D. T., Hong I. T. A., Watanabe H., Goi M., Tanaka M. (2002). In vitro growth of banana plantlets cultured under red and blue light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation source. Acta Horticulturae, 575: Nhut D. T., Takamura T., Watanabe H., Okamoto K., Tanaka M. (2003). Responses of strawberry plantlets cultured in vitro under super bright red and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 73: Niu G., Kozai T., Kitaya Y. (1996). Simulation of the time courses of CO 2 concentration in the culture vessel and net photosynthetic rate of Cymbidium plantlets. Transactions of the American Society for Agricultural Engineers, 39: Niu G., Kozai T. (1997). Simulation of the growth of potato plantlets cultured photoautotrophically in vitro. Transactions of the American Society for Agricultural Engineers, 40: Niu G., Kozai T., Hayashi M., Tateno M. (1997). Simulation of the time courses of CO 2 concentration in the culture vessel and net photosynthetic rate of potato plantlets cultured photoautotrophically and photomixotrophically in vitro under different lighting cycles. Transactions of the American Society for Agricultural Engineers, 40: Niu G., Kozai T., Kubota C. (1998). A system for measuring the in situ CO 2 exchange rates of in vitro plantlets. HortScience, 33: Ohyama K., Kozai T. (1997). CO 2 concentration profiles in a plant tissue culture vessel. Environment Control in Biology, 35: (In Japanese with English abstract captions). Ohyama K., Kozai T. (1998). Estimating electric energy consumption and its cost in a transplant production factory with artificial lighting: A case study. Journal of High Technology in Agriculture, 10: (In Japanese with English abstract). Pierik R. L. M. (1988). Handicaps for the large scale commercial application of micropropagation. Acta Horticulturae, 230: Pospisilova J., Solarova J., Catsky J. Ondrej M., Opatrny Z. (1988). The photosynthetic characteristics during the micropropagation of tobacco and potato plants. Photosynthetica, 22: Roberts A. V., Smith E. F. (1990). The preparation in vitro of chrysanthemum for transplantation to soil. Ⅰ. Protection of roots by cellulose plugs. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 21: Serret M. D., Trillas M. I., Matas J., Araus J. L. (1996). Development of photoautotrophy and photoinhibition of Gardenia jasminoides plantlets during micropropagation. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 45: Saiful Islam A. F. M., Kubota C., Takagaki M., Kozai T. (2006). Effects of ages of plug transplants and planting depths on the growth and yield of sweetpotato. Scientia Horticulturae, 108: Solarova J. (1989). Diurnal variation in CO 2 concentration in cultivation vessels resulting from photosynthetic activity. Photosynthetica, 23: Tanaka K., Fujiwara K., Kozai T. (1992). Effects of relative humidity in the culture vessel on the transpiration and net photosynthetic rates of potato plantlets in vitro. Acta Horticulturae, 319: Tanaka M., Jinno K., Goi M., Higashiura T. (1998). The use of disposable fluorocarbon polymer film culture vessel in micropropagation. Acta Horticulturae, 230: Tanaka M., Thang D. T., Giang T. T., Murakami A. (2005). Application of a novel disposable film culture system to photoautotrophic micropropagation of Eucalyptus uro-grandis (Urophylia grandis). In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 41: Valero-Aracama C., Wilson S. B., Kane M. E., Philman N. L. (2007). Influence of in vitro growth conditions on in vitro and ex vitro photosynthetic rates of easy- and difficult-to-acclimatize sea oats (Uniola paniculata L.) genotypes. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 43: Walker P. N., Heuser C. W., Heinemann P. H. (1989). Micropropagation: effects of ventilation and carbon dioxide level on Rhododendron P.J.M.. Transactions of the American Society for Agricultural Engineers, 32: Wilson S. B., Kubota C., Kozai T. (2000). Effects of medium sugar on growth and carbohydrate status of sweetpotato and tomato plantlets in vitro. In: Kubota C., Chun C. (Eds). Transplant Production in the 21 st Century, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Wilson S. B., Heo J., Kubota C., Kozai T. (2001). A forced ventilation micropropagation system for photoautotrophic production of sweetpotato plug plantlets in a scaled-up culture Vessel: II. Carbohydrate status. HortTechnology, 11: Xiao Y., Zhao J., Kozai T. (2000). Practical sugar-free micropropagation system using large vessels with forced ventilation. In: Kubota C., Chun C. (Eds). Transplant Production in the 21 st Century. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers: Xiao Y., Lok Y., Kozai T. (2003). Photoautotrophic growth of sugarcane in vitro as affected by photosynthetic photon flux and vessel air exchanges. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 39: Xiao Y., Kozai T. (2004). Commercial application of a photoautotrophic micropropagation system using large vessels with forced ventilation: plantlet growth and production cost. HortScience, 39: Xiao Y., Kozai T. (2005). A commercialized photoautotrophic micropropagation system using large vessels with forced ventilation. In: Kozai T., Afreen F., Zobayed S. M. A. (Eds). Photoautotrophic (Sugar-free medium) micropropagation as a new propagation and transplant production system. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer: Xiao Y., Kozai T. (2006). In vitro multiplication of statice plantlets using sugar-free media. Scientia Horticulturae, 109: Xiao Y., Zhang Y., Dang K., Wang D. (2007). Growth and photosynthesis of Dendrobium candidum plantlets cultured photoautotrophically. Propagation of Ornamental Plants, 7: Xiao Y., Niu G., Kozai T. (2010). Development and application of photoautotrophic micropropagation systems. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (in press). Yabuki K. (2004) Photosynthetic rate and dynamic environments. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 126 pp. Zhang M., Zhao D., Ma Z., Li X., Xiao Y. (2009). Growth and photosynthetic capability of Momordica grosvenori plantlets grown photoautotrophically in response to light intensity. HortScience, 44: Ziv M. (1995). In vitro acclimatization. In: Aitken-Cristie J., Kozai T., Smith M. A. S. (Eds). Automation and environmental control

5 in plant tissue culture. Kulwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Zobayed S. M. A. Kubota C., Kozai T. (1999). Development of a forced ventilation micropropagation system for large-scale photoautotrophic culture and its utilization in sweet potato. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 34: Zobayed S. M. A., Afreen F., Kubota C., Kozai T. (2000a). Evolution of culture vessel for micropropagation: from test tube to culture room. In: Kubota C., Chun C. (Eds). Transplant Production in the 21st Century. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers: Zobayed S. M. A., Afreen F., Kubota C., Kozai T. (2000b). Mass propagation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in a scaled-up vessel under in vitro photoautotrophic condition. Annals of Botany, 85: Zobayed S. M. A., Afreen F., Kozai T. (2001). Physiology of eucalyptus plantlets cultured photoautotrophically under forced ventilation. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 37: Zobayed S. M. A., Afreen F., Xiao Y., Kozai T. (2004). Recent advancement in research on photoautotrophic micropropagation using large culture vessels with forced ventilation. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 40: Zobayed S. M. A., Afreen F., Kozai T. (2005a). Temperature stress can alter the photosynthetic efficiency and secondary metabolite concentrations in St. John s wort. Plant Physiological and Biological Chemistry, 43: Zobayed S. M. A., Afreen F., Kozai T. (2005b). Necessity and production of medicinal plants under controlled environments. Environment Control in Biology. 43: Zobayed S. M. A., Afreen F., Goto E., Kozai T. (2006). Plant-environment interactions: accumulation of hypericin in dark glands of Hypericum perforatum. Annals of Botany, 98: Zobayed S. M. S., Afreen F., Kozai T. (2007). Phytochemical and physiological changes in the leaves of St. John s wort plants under a water stress condition. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 59:

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