GROWING IN KNOWLEDGE

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Runcor SEPTEMBER 2015 GROWING IN KNOWLEDGE Purdue Extension - St.

have improved disease tolerance. National Arboretum Obey your Plant s Hardiness Zones! Last year s cold winters caught many plants in a deep freeze they were not ready to handle.

Often these are advised to be grown in protected areas and do not experience the full force of the winter. Last year s cold temps tested that advice and found it lacking.

Prepare storage areas for overwintering tender flower bulbs and garden produce. Thanksgiving (or Christmas) cactus can be forced into bloom for the Thanksgiving holidays.

1 Runcor SEPTEMBER 2015 GROWING IN KNOWLEDGE Purdue Extension - St. Joseph County hortum colo, ergo sum Monthly Tasks HOME (Indoor plants and activities) LILAC OLD GLORY 'Old Glory' has abundant fragrant bluish-purple flowers, rounded growth habitat and leaves that have improved disease tolerance. National Arboretum Obey your Plant s Hardiness Zones! Last year s cold winters caught many plants in a deep freeze they were not ready to handle. I know many plants from warmer climates have been grown in our area at times and have done reasonably well. Often these are advised to be grown in protected areas and do not experience the full force of the winter. Last year s cold temps tested that advice and found it lacking. For the longevity of your plantings try to obey the zones as played out in this map. You will notice zone 6 does not include St. Joseph County. Prepare storage areas for overwintering tender flower bulbs and garden produce. Thanksgiving (or Christmas) cactus can be forced into bloom for the Thanksgiving holidays. Provide 15 hours of complete darkness each day, for instance, from 5 p.m. to 8 a.m., for approximately eight weeks. Keep temperature at about degrees F. Temperatures of 55F will cause flower buds to set without dark treatment. Dig and repot herbs, or take cuttings, for growing indoors over winter. Store leftover garden seed in a cool, dry place. A sealable jar with a layer of silica gel or powdered milk in the bottom works well. Bring houseplants moved outside for summer indoors before night temperatures fall below 55F. Gradually decrease light to acclimate the plants and help reduce leaf drop. Check and control insects and diseases before putting these plants near other houseplants. Poinsettias saved from last year can be reflowered for this year's holiday by providing complete darkness for 15 hours daily from about Oct. 1 until about Dec. 10.

Fertilizing with Manure: Give the Poo Due Respect! M anure is a very good fertilizer source it is slow release and can build phosphorus and potassium levels over years of use.

2 Fertilizing with Manure: Give the Poo Due Respect! M anure is a very good fertilizer source it is slow release and can build phosphorus and potassium levels over years of use. However there are management rules you need to follow. If these rules are not followed then the use of manure can become detrimental to the plants and dangerous to humans. E. Coli Due to the potential of transmitting human pathogens fresh manure should not be used on fresh vegetables or fruits. On edible crops with soil contact( such as carrots, beets, and potatoes) Fresh manure should be applied at least 4 months in advance of harvest. On other crops it should be made at least 3 months prior to harvest. My recommendation is it goes on in the fall and is tilled into the soil. You may lose some nitrogen; but it is a safer way to handle fresh manure. As a Nitrogen Source Manure is not all that concentrated as a nitrogen source. Which can be both good and bad. I mentioned before the many years of manure can build a nice level of phosphorus and potassium in your soil nutrient cache. The nitrogen manure provides will come by heavy applications in the fall. Poultry for example runs about 2.5% nitrogen so for a pound of nitrogen you need 40 pounds of poultry manure. However, that is not all available the first year where you might only get about 35%. This means you have to approximately triple the 40 lbs. to 120 lbs. The good thing is that manure will give you some nitrogen next year as well. Maybe about 20-25% and about 10 % the third year. This is why we think of manure as the original slow release fertilizer I think one of the great advantages of manure is it does contribute organic matter to you soil. It attracts flora and fauna to break it down. Worms love it. This all means better tilth to the soil. However, manure brings a few disadvantages Potential to burn roots and foliage from high ammonia High potential for weed seeds Labor to haul and spread the manure Composting can help; but not a sure thing. All in all manure is a good fertilizer source when managed properly. When people mention to farmers about the smell; a common answer is Smells like money to me. because he knows the benefits it affords. The fairest thing in nature, a flower, still has its roots in earth and manure. D.H. Lawrence

B row n M ar mo r a te d S t in k B u g:m ak ing i ts P r e s e n c e K n own in th e Ga r d e n They re Back Cloudy spot on tomato is the symptom of some species of stink bug.

On ripe fruit the spots are golden yellow Feeding by immatures appears as starburst yellow spots. This causes a shallow white spongy area under the starburst.

hortum colo, ergo s um s k s a T y l Month YARD (Lawns, woody ornamentals and fruits) Fall is a good time to plant many containergrown or balled-and-burlapped nursery stock.

Be sure to stake or guy-wire tall plants to protect them from strong winds. Wrap tree trunks to protect against frost cracks or animal damage.

3 B row n M ar mo r a te d S t in k B u g:m ak ing i ts P r e s e n c e K n own in th e Ga r d e n They re Back Cloudy spot on tomato is the symptom of some species of stink bug. My guess this year that most of the damage is coming from the Marmorated Stink Bug. Damage appears on green fruit as whitish areas with indistinct borders. On ripe fruit the spots are golden yellow Feeding by immatures appears as starburst yellow spots. This causes a shallow white spongy area under the starburst. Peppers and sweetcorn can also be attacked. There is no danger in consuming these areas. If severe some pyrethroid sprays can oﬀer limited control. hortum colo, ergo s um s k s a T y l Month YARD (Lawns, woody ornamentals and fruits) Fall is a good time to plant many containergrown or balled-and-burlapped nursery stock. Prepare a good-sized hole, plant at the same depth it grew in the nursery and water thoroughly. Mulching will help protect against large fluctuations in soil temperature and moisture. Be sure to stake or guy-wire tall plants to protect them from strong winds. Wrap tree trunks to protect against frost cracks or animal damage. Do not be alarmed if your evergreens, particularly white pine and arborvitae, drop some older needles. All evergreens shed needles at some time, but not all at once as deciduous plants do. Harvest apples, pears, grapes, and everbearing strawberries and raspberries. For most fruits, flavor is the best indicator of ripeness, although color change also can be a good indicator. However, pears are best ripened oﬀ the tree, and grapes change color long before they are fully flavored, so sample the fruit to be sure. Remove raspberry canes after they bear fruit. Clean up fallen fruits, twigs and leaves around apple (including crabapple) and other fruit trees to reduce disease and insect carryover. To promote the lawn's recovery from summer stress, apply high-nitrogen fertilizer at the rate of 0.5 to 1 pound actual nitrogen per 1,000 square feet. More information on lawn fertilization is available at mdc.itap.purdue.edu/item.asp? item_number=ay-22-w Reseed bare spots or new lawns using a good-quality seed mixture. Seeding in late summer allows the turf to maximize its establishment and rooting prior to the next summer's heat and drought. For more information, seehttp://

4 Fall Ideal for Planting Trees Because spring is the time for new growth, most people think of planting trees and shrubs then. But cool temperatures and adequate rainfall make fall a good time to plant as well. The soil may be warmer and less damp than in the spring, and you may have more time to get the job done in fall. Fall-planted stock does demand extra attention. Plants may not have enough time to establish a good root system before winter hits. Cold winter winds and sunshine cause plants to lose water from their branches, and the roots must be able to replace that water if plants are to survive. Evergreens, particularly broadleaved evergreens, are more susceptible to winter desiccation because their leaves have more surface from which to lose water than narrow-leaved evergreens and bare trees. Select balled-and-burlapped or container-grown plants rather than bare-rooted stock. Bare-root plants should only be planted in Wisi mattis leo suscipit lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, et labore et dolore magna aliquam. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerc. late winter or early spring while the plants are still dormant. Avoid planting large trees in fall. They can be risky to transplant in any season, but are particularly so when foliage is present. Leave the large trees to spring. Some species of plants do not adapt well to fall planting because they are unusually susceptible to winter damage. Magnolia, dogwood, tuliptree, sweet gum, red maple, birch, hawthorn, poplars, cherries, plum and many of the oaks are among the plants that are best saved for spring planting. However, you can often justify the risk by finding exceptional bargains in the fall. Many garden centers are motivated to sell the stock because of the expense of keeping the plants over winter. Plant trees and shrubs early enough in the fall for the plant to develop a good root system. Soil temperatures should be well above 55 F at a depth of 6 inches at planting time. This condition usually exists until early to late October, depending on your location. Water plants thoroughly when needed to supply about 1 inch of water per week. Continue watering until the ground is frozen, even after deciduous plants have lost their leaves. Wrap the trunks of thin-barked, young trees in late November to prevent frost cracks, sunscald, and animal damage, but be sure to remove the wrap in March. Ground covers and shallowrooted shrubs may be heaved out of the ground by alternate freezing and thawing of the soil that often occurs in winter. A 2-4 inch layer of mulch can help prevent wide soil temperature fluctuations. Apply materials such as compost, shredded bark or straw in late November or early December, after the plants are fully dormant and the soil is cold. Giovanni Faria Green Grocery Manager B. Rosie Lerner, Extension Consumer Horticulture Specialist hortum colo, ergo sum Monthly Tasks YARD (Lawns, woody ornamentals and fruits) cont. purdueturftips.blogspot.com/2014/08/startseeding-cool-season-turf-now.html September and October are good months to apply broadleaf weed killers. Be sure to follow all label directions, and choose a calm day to prevent spray drift. GARDEN (Vegetables, small fruits and flowers) Dig onions and garlic after tops fall over naturally and necks begin to dry. Plant radishes, green onion sets, lettuce and spinach for fall harvest. Thin fall crops such as lettuce and carrots that were planted earlier. Harvest crops such as tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, melons and sweet potatoes before frost, or cover plants with blankets, newspaper, etc., (but not plastic) to protect them from light frost. Mature green tomatoes can be ripened indoors. Individually wrap fruits in newspaper, or leave them on the vine, pulling the entire plant out of the garden. Store in a cool location - about 55-60F. Harvest winter squash when mature (skin is tough) with deep, solid color, but before hard frost. Some cultivars will show an orange blush when mature. Plant, transplant or divide peonies, daylilies, iris and phlox. Save plants such as coleus, wax begonias, impatiens or fuchsia for indoor growing over winter. Dig plants and cut them back about halfway, or take cuttings of shoot tips, and root them in moist vermiculite, soil mix or perlite.

Bee numbers seem better this season; but we need to keep planting flowers in 2016 that provide for their survival.

edu The Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service is an Affirmative Action, equal access/ equal opportunity institution. GARDEN (Vegetables, small fruits and flowers) cont.

Plant spring-flowering bulbs beginning in late September. Planting too early can cause bulbs to sprout top growth before winter.

Dig tender bulbs, such as cannas, caladiums, tuberous begonias and gladiolus, before frost. Allow to air dry, and store in dry peat moss or vermiculite.

and onion bulbs are covered with soil to prevent development of green color and This can make white bread edible Stewed Tomatoes Stock up your pantry and your freezer with things

When you go to the store, you only have to pick up meats and produce. 2 Qts.

5 Bee numbers seem better this season; but we need to keep planting flowers in 2016 that provide for their survival. Edited by: Phil Sutton Extension Educator - ANR 125 South Lafayette Blvd. 2nd. Floor South Bend IN suttonpl@purdue.edu The Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service is an Affirmative Action, equal access/ equal opportunity institution. GARDEN (Vegetables, small fruits and flowers) cont. Watch for garden chrysanthemums to bloom as days grow shorter. Some may have bloomed earlier this summer, which will decrease the number of fall blooms. Plant spring-flowering bulbs beginning in late September. Planting too early can cause bulbs to sprout top growth before winter. However, allow at least four to six weeks before the ground freezes for good root formation. Dig tender bulbs, such as cannas, caladiums, tuberous begonias and gladiolus, before frost. Allow to air dry, and store in dry peat moss or vermiculite. Cut flowers, such as strawflower, statice, baby's breath and celosia, for drying and hang upside down in a dry, well-ventilated area. and onion bulbs are covered with soil to prevent development of green color and This can make white bread edible Stewed Tomatoes Stock up your pantry and your freezer with things that aren't perishable: Your favorite jar of tomato sauce that lists 'tomato' as the first ingredient, lots of grains, olive oils, vinegars, tomato pastes, onions, shallots. When you go to the store, you only have to pick up meats and produce. 2 Qts. chopped tomatoes 1 4 cup chopped green peppers 1 4 cup chopped onions 2 teaspoons celery salt 2 teaspoons sugar 1 4 teaspoon salt Hot Pack Combine all ingredients. Cover and cook 10 minutes, stirring occasionally to prevent sticking. Fill hot tomatoes into hot jars, leaving 1 2-inch headspace. Remove air bubbles and adjust headspace if needed. Wipe jar rims. * Process in a Dial Gauge Pressure Canner at 11 pounds pressure OR in a Weighted Gauge Pressure Canner at 10 pounds pressure: Pints 15 minutes Quarts 20 minutes To serve warm to simmer for 10 minutes the add bread for a classic side dish. Giada De Laurentiis

Garden Tasks Number 0001 April 2, 2009

www.peterboroughgardens.ca Garden Tasks Number 0001 April 2, 2009 Prune summer-flowering shrubs (e.g. Hydrangea) Plant flower and vegetable seeds indoors. Prune grapevines. Start summer flowers and tender