Nitrogen Management Plans. Bruno J.L. Pitton and Lorence R. Oki CA Nursery Conference July 27, 2017
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1 Nitrogen Management Plans Bruno J.L. Pitton and Lorence R. Oki CA Nursery Conference July 27, 2017
2 Why Nitrogen Management Plans? Blue Baby syndrome Max contaminant level = 45 ppm NO 3-54% from synthetic fertilizers Problem likely to continue for decades 34% of applied N ends up in harvested product 28% of applied N is taken up by ornamentals Harter and Lund recommend a tax on nitrogen fertilizer Nitrate sources to groundwater Cropland 97% Harter, T. & Lund, J Addressing Nitrate in California s Drinking Water: Executive Summary
3 Nitrogen management plans Required for all growers within Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board watersheds Certification required in high-vulnerability groundwater areas Determined by Groundwater Quality Assessment Reports
4 Does container production fit in worksheet? What s a production unit? How to quantify yield? How much N is removed with yield? How much N lost from production system? Groundwater infiltration? Denitrification (N 2 gas)?
5 Container plants Plant type (herb,woody, annual) & container size Total production units grown or sold Based on UCCE, CDFA, etc. # of production units grown or sold N fertilizer not applied as lbs/ac How much N removed with yield?
6 Fertigation + CRF Foliar N Organic fertilizers Sum of above N in container media Well water, etc. Box 24 & 25 Sum of all N applied
7 CROP NITROGEN MANAGEMENT PLANNING N APPLICATIONS/CREDITS 26. Recommended/ Planned N 27. Actual N 6. Crop Cont. Ornament 15. Nitrogen Fertilizers 7. Production Units Each 16. Dry/Liquid (lbs/ac) Projected Yield (Units/Acre) Various 17. Foliar N (lbs/ac) N Recommended (lbs/ac) Organic Material N 10. Acres 12.5 (Units/Acre) Difficult to determine 20. Total Available N Applied (lbs per acre) 12. Total N Applied (lbs/ac) Nitrogen Credits (est) 13. ** N Removed (lbs N/ac) Notes: Type of crop is container ornamentals, when container is sold, soil goes with plants. Due to various container sizes, difficult to determine "yield/acre". Recommended N/acre is taken from UC ANR "Nutrient Management in Nursery and Floriculture". 19. Available N in Manure/Compost (lbs/ac estimate) 22. Available N carryover in soil; (annualized lbs/acre) 23. N in Irrigation water (annualized, lbs/ac) 24. Total N Credits (lbs per acre) 25. Total N Applied & Available (Applications + Credits)
8 CROP NITROGEN MANAGEMENT PLANNING N APPLICATIONS/CREDITS 26. Recommended/ Planned N 27. Actual N 6. Crop Cont. Ornament 15. Nitrogen Fertilizers 7. Production Units Each 16. Dry/Liquid (lbs/ac) Projected Yield (Units/Acre) Various 17. Foliar N (lbs/ac) N Recommended (lbs/ac) Organic Material N 10. Acres 12.5 (Units/Acre) Difficult to determine 20. Total Available N Applied (lbs per acre) 12. Total N Applied (lbs/ac) Nitrogen Credits (est) 13. ** N Removed (lbs N/ac) Notes: Type of crop is container ornamentals, when container is sold, soil goes with plants. Due to various container sizes, difficult to determine "yield/acre". 19. Available N in Manure/Compost (lbs/ac estimate) 22. Available N carryover in soil; (annualized lbs/acre) 23. N in Irrigation water (annualized, lbs/ac) 24. Total N Credits (lbs per acre) Total N Applied & Available (Applications + Credits)
9 Previous research Evans and Dodge 2004 Liquid feed N recommendations for woody and herbaceous 50 ppm N for woodies ppm N for herbaceous Cabrera 2003 Evaluated container N balance of two woody species Narvaez 2012 & 2013 Evaluated container N balance of woody and herbaceous species, one each
10
11 Cabrera 2003 N balance of plant and container N applied, leached, in plant, and in soilless media Evaluated two woody species from Aug. to May including overwintering in Mid Atlantic 6. Crop Ilex opaca 7. Production Units 1 Gal cont. 8. Projected Yield (Units/Acre) 69, N Recommended (lbs/ac) 60 ppm 10. Acres 1 (Units/Acre) 69, Total N Applied (lbs/ac) N Removed (lbs N/ac) Crop Lagerstroemia 7. Production Units 1 Gal cont. 8. Projected Yield (Units/Acre) 69, N Recommended (lbs/ac) 60 ppm 10. Acres 1 (Units/Acre) 69, Total N Applied (lbs/ac) N Removed (lbs N/ac) 63
12 Cabrera 2003 N balance of plant and container N applied, leached, in plant, and in soilless media Evaluated two woody species from Aug. to May including overwintering in Mid Atlantic 6. Crop Ilex opaca 7. Production Units 1 Gal cont. 8. Projected Yield (Units/Acre) 69, N Recommended (lbs/ac) 60 ppm 10. Acres 1 (Units/Acre) 69, Total N Applied (lbs/ac) N Removed (lbs N/ac) Crop Lagerstroemia 7. Production Units 1 Gal cont. 8. Projected Yield (Units/Acre) 69, N Recommended (lbs/ac) 60 ppm 10. Acres 1 (Units/Acre) 69, Total N Applied (lbs/ac) N Removed (lbs N/ac) 63
13 Narvaez et al & 2013 N balance of plant and container N applied, leached, in plant, and in soilless media Evaluated one woody (May to Dec) and one herbaceous species (May to July) 6. Crop Viburnum tinus 6. Crop Osteospermum 7. Production Units 1.25 Gal. cont. 7. Production Units 1 Gal. cont 8. Projected Yield (Units/Acre) 69, Projected Yield (Units/Acre) 87, N Recommended (lbs/ac) 57.4 ppm 9. N Recommended (lbs/ac) 120 ppm 10. Acres 1 (Units/Acre) 69, Total N Applied (lbs/ac) N Removed (lbs N/ac) Acres 1 (Units/Acre) 87, Total N Applied (lbs/ac) 1, N Removed (lbs N/ac) 1,127
14 Narvaez et al & 2013 N balance of plant and container N applied, leached, in plant, and in soilless media Evaluated one woody (May to Dec) and one herbaceous species (May to July) 6. Crop Viburnum tinus 6. Crop Osteospermum 7. Production Units 1.25 Gal. cont. 7. Production Units 1 Gal. cont 8. Projected Yield (Units/Acre) 69, Projected Yield (Units/Acre) 87, N Recommended (lbs/ac) 57.4 ppm 9. N Recommended (lbs/ac) 120 ppm 10. Acres 1 (Units/Acre) 69, Total N Applied (lbs/ac) N Removed (lbs N/ac) Acres 1 (Units/Acre) 87, Total N Applied (lbs/ac) 1, N Removed (lbs N/ac) 1,127 33% unutilized 21% unutilized
15 Where does unutilized N go? Some N loss through leaching How much N is lost through denitrification (N 2 or N 2 O gas)? Container substrate Soil below growing bed N 2 N 2 O N 2 NO 3 - N 2 O
16 Proposed research and outreach Develop system nitrogen balance for container plant production Document N applied, leached, utilized by plant and soilless substrate, and emitted as N 2 or N 2 O gas Identify environmentally harmful discharges and develop mitigation strategies Inform growers about BMPs to improve NUE Inform State Water Boards in development of next generation nursery specific NMP
17 Future of NMPs Met with Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board CVWB are learning about nursery production Organizing nursery tours Create nursery working group for developing NMP template
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