Manufacture YCLF meeting York 20 th May 2011

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1 Compost Use in Soil Manufacture YCLF meeting York 20 th May 2011 Lee Best WRAP Overview What is compost and what can it do? Building the case for quality compost Using compost to manufacture soils Case studies 1

2 KC1 Waste & Resources Action Programme Funded by: Scottish Government, DEFRA Welsh Assembly Government & Northern Ireland Executive What is compost? Compost the result of organic material breakdown in engineered conditions Green and food waste sources Source segregated Benefits landscape and regeneration industry Reclamation, restoration and improvement of land 2

3 Slide 3 KC1 Katherine Church, 12/05/2011

4 Quality engineered products 3

The Quality Protocol for Compost A formalised quality control procedure for the

(biowaste). http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/waste/114395.

uk/recycling_industry/information_by_material/organics/production.

5 The Quality Protocol for Compost A formalised quality control procedure for the production and use of quality compost from source-segregated biodegradable waste (biowaste). BSI PAS 100: 2011 wrap.org.uk/recycling_industry/information_by_material/organics/production.html Establishes a quality management system for composting facilities to manage each step of the composting process. Describes how to monitor the composting process. Identifies testing parameters, methods and limits. it Describes record keeping procedures. Supplier database wrap.org.uk/farming_growing_and_landscaping/ 4

Horticulture, agriculture, landscape/regen,

Designated markets Non CQP route T23 Exemption

50 tonnes per hectare over 12 months (500 tonnes

6 Horticulture, agriculture, landscape/regen, amateur gardening, turf (inc sports/golf course) Designated markets Non CQP route T23 Exemption Composters Small scale U11 spreading exemption max. 50 tonnes per hectare over 12 months (500 tonnes stored for up to 12 months) Full Permit - Composters Large scale SR2010no4 max. 250 tonnes per hectare over 12 months (3000 tonnes stored - no more than 12 months) 5

7 Why use Compost? Reduction in soil bulk density Improved root growth Improved drainage Increased Water holding capacity Macro and micro nutrients Biological i l life back to soils Disease suppression A Manufactured Soil 6

Recreation and Sports Turf Landscape maintenance Bioremediation What a

8 Good Practice Guide Soil Manufacture and Habitat t Creation Housing and Mixed use Development Energy Crop Production SUDS and green roofs Slope stabilisation Recreation and Sports Turf Landscape maintenance Bioremediation What a compacted, unamended soil might look like Water 20% Air 10% Organic Matter 1% Mineral 69% 7

sustainable alternative to importing of topsoil Eliminated cost

poor soil and other materials reducing waste!

9 What are we doing with compost? Economic Benefits Compost offers a financially competitive and sustainable alternative to importing of topsoil Eliminated cost associated with excavating, transporting, hauling and disposing of poor soil and other materials reducing waste! Eliminate cost of importing topsoil Reduced fertiliser costs through slow release nutrients Better plant establishment and survival 8

Case Study Cronton Colliery was closed in the 1980 s Two large flat plateau areas were left untouched In 2008 The Land Trust (formally the Land Restoration Trust) was

(WRAP) contributed funds to support a large scale demonstration trial which tested a low-input restoration approach, using PAS 100 green compost, for the establishment

10 Case Study Cronton Colliery was closed in the 1980 s Two large flat plateau areas were left untouched In 2008 The Land Trust (formally the Land Restoration Trust) was granted planning permission to create a new 43 ha informal park. TEP prepared ecologically-led land restoration strategy using PAS 100 green compost. (WRAP) contributed funds to support a large scale demonstration trial which tested a low-input restoration approach, using PAS 100 green compost, for the establishment of wildflower grassland and wetland landscapes. Cronton Colliery, Warrington Highl idi lo in Highly acidic; low in phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium; and very low in organic matter. 9

11 March 2007 Compost rate = 30mm depth Rotovated to 120mm Lush green sward by the end of June 10

Cronton Colliery The trials demonstrated that this is a cost effective

Normal cost of importing 150mm cover = 2.

28 m2 Cost benefits are case specific and they depend on landfill costs,

12 Cronton Colliery The trials demonstrated that this is a cost effective approach with savings of approximately 88%. Normal cost of importing 150mm cover = 2.25 m2 Incorporate 30mm PAS100 compost to a depth of 120mm = 0.28 m2 Cost benefits are case specific and they depend on landfill costs, availability of materials in required quantities and cost of imported materials. Chorley, BAE Systems & Envirolink NW - From former munitions factory into the village of Buckshaw 11

13 Chorley Possibility that the topsoil could contain residual munitions such as small detonators. To eliminate this risk, the soil was removed in a confidence scrape before the land could be regenerated. Blend of compost with uncontaminated subsoil that was low in nutrients and organic matter, to produce a material equivalent to manufactured economy grade topsoil (as specified in the now superseded BS3882:1994). Chorley Phase 1 14,000 tonnes of topsoil needed, so some 7,036 tonnes of BSI PAS 100 compost was blended on site with an equivalent quantity of sandy clay loam subsoil in a series of batches. Phase 2 wider regeneration - 37,000 tonnes of soil manufactured for the establishment of species-rich amenity grassland and wooded areas. 12

14 13

15 Topsoil blend placed and seeded May 2007 (sown September 2006) 14

16 Chorley The site now comprises light industry, residential housing and large areas of public space. Rapid plant establishment and it saves money. Cost to dispose of unsuitable material and import soil tonne. Cost to manufacture soil with PAS100 compost 5.08 tonne, a potential saving for the project of over 300,000 Lambton Cokeworks Chester-Le-Street, t County Durham History of heavy mining and coke manufacture. The 60ha site owned by Sunderland Council Earmarked for redevelopment, to include 350 new houses, woodland and open grassland. 15

17 Lambton Cokeworks 16,000 tonnes of PAS 100 compost for the project (soil shortage) Other on site materials for soil manufacture comprised mainly colliery shale. Imported paper p mill crumb Root profile loose tipped Soil profile designs for both the woodland and grassland areas were rolled out across the whole site as part of the second phase of the project, beginning in October

18 This years monitoring The use of PAS 100 compost as a soil improver has shown demonstrable benefits in tree establishment Loose tip was best Estimated costs savings could be up to 1,200,000 compared with traditional importation of topsoil Spreading capping layer of recycled gravel obtained from excavations on site. 17

to structures Class 6P 110,000 wrap.org.

19 Application SHW Classification Recycled (tonnes) General granular fill Class 1A 250,000 Capping Class 6F1 & 6F2 85,000 Starter layers Class 6A & 6C 95,000 Backfill to structures Class 6P 110,000 wrap.org.uk/construction Unbound subbase Type 1 50,000 Type 4 58,000 Topsoil Class 5A & 5B 165,000 Sand fill 8,000 Drainage 0 Total 821,000 18

Halving Waste to Landfill: 'We commit to playing our part in halving the amount of construction, demolition and excavation waste going to landfill by 2012.

20 Halving Waste to Landfill: 'We commit to playing our part in halving the amount of construction, demolition and excavation waste going to landfill by We will work to adopt and implement standards for good practice in reducing waste, recycling more, and increasing the use of recycled and recovered materials 19

21 Good practice guide Planned dissemination events later this year

TRIALS : GROWING BENEFITS OF WOOL-RICH CARPET SHRED. Ecological Restoration Consultants + Liverpool University

TRIALS : GROWING BENEFITS OF WOOL-RICH CARPET SHRED Philip Putwain Philip Putwain Ecological Restoration Consultants + Liverpool University POTENTIAL ALTERNATIVES TO LANDFILL FOR WOOL-RICH CARPET RESOURCES