Increasing Production With Tomato Plant Feeding Organic Fertilizer Vermicompost

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ADRI International Journal Of Agriculture 1 (2017) 50-56 Increasing Production With Tomato Plant Feeding Organic Fertilizer Vermicompost ISSN : 2549-4406 (online) ISSN : 2549-4414 (print) Bambang

1 ADRI International Journal Of Agriculture 1 (2017) Increasing Production With Tomato Plant Feeding Organic Fertilizer Vermicompost ISSN : (online) ISSN : (print) Bambang Gunawan 1), Tatuk Tojibatus S. 2), and Yenni Ika Pratiwi 3) 1,3) Faculty of Agriculture, University of Merdeka Surabaya 2) Faculty of Agriculture, University of Wijaya Kusuma gunawanb1011@gmail.com Received February 2017; accepted April 2017; published online may 2017 Abstract. This study aims to determine the growth and production of two varieties of tomato plants(lycopersicum esculentum)with vermicompost fertilizer. Research conducted at the experiment station and Agribusiness Center of Ornamental Plants Urban Surabaya, with a height of approximately 5 meters above sea level. The materials used growing media as much as 10 kg of garden soil and fertilizers containing vermicompost and tomato seed varieties and varieties Permata 1 and varieties Ratna Ew Select F1. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD), which is arranged as factorial with two factors: Factor I: fertilizer vermicompost (K) with four levels of treatment that K 0= 0 kg / polybag; K 1= 1 kg / plant; K 2= 2 kg / polybag; K 3= 3 kg / polybag and Factor II: and varieties of plants (V) with 2 levels, namely V 1= Variety Gem F 1;V 2= Variety Ratna Ew Select F 1.The parameters observed were plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf number, number of fruit per plant, weight of fresh fruit per plant, plant fresh weight and dry weight of plants. The results showed that of all the observed variables turns vermicompost fertilizer as much as 10-30% of the volume of growing media on tomato affect the increase in plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf number, number of fruit per plant, weight of fresh fruit per plant, plant fresh weight and dry weight of plants compared to control treatment or without fertilization. Statistically that treatment K2 (2 kg / polybag or 20% of the volume of growing media) based variable crop rated better and more efficient. Keywords: Casting, wide varieties, tomatoes

2 B. Gunawan et al / ADRI International Journal Of Agriculture 1 (2017) * Corresponding Author. Address: gunawanb1011@gmail.com I. INTRODUCTION Tomatoes have occupied the main sequence in the list of human foods, other than made seasoning, tomatoes also for therapeutic treatment because it contains provitamin A particularly as β carotene and lycopene. The existence of vitamin A contained in tomatoes is very good for eye health also been proven to prevent cancer because it proved effective as antioxidants. Tomato also has antipyretic properties alias fever. While the high fiber in tomatoes can overcome digestive disorders like constipation and hemorrhoids. According to Linder (1992) that of many forms of cancer is indicated closely or at least not the content of β- carotene or vitamin A. The formation of nitrosamines that can cause various spectrum of tumor / cancer can be inhibited by vitamin C in the body. One of the many potential types of vegetables are grown in Indonesia is the tomato. According to BPS data (2011), the tomato is a commodity horticulture productivity rate ranks second after the onion, which is known tomato productivity growth reached 6.9%. Based on data from the Ministry of Agriculture (2012), to determine the level of productivity of tomato in Indonesia in 2007 and 2011 consecutively is; tonnes / ha, t / ha, t / ha, t / ha and tons / ha. Data BPS (2014) showed the average harvested area growth, productivity and production of tomatoes from the year 2009 to 2013 respectively - are respectively %; 3.98% and 2.8%. Large numbers of tomato production in Indonesia due to the large demand for tomatoes. This triggered farmers to maximize production of tomatoes. Tomatoes have considerable economic value in marketing but in the cultivation of these crops require intensive treatment. One attempt to increase the production of tomato plants can be done with the use of vermicompost fertilizer. Vermicompost is dirt or feces earthworms. Other terms of casting is casting or casting and vermicast or Vermicompost. Vermicompost contains all the nutrients needed both macro and micro nutrients that are useful for plant growth. The chemical elements are absorbed by plants and is very useful for the growth and production. Besides, vermicompost contains many microbial and plant growth stimulating hormones like giberilin 2.75%, 1.05% daan auxin cytokinin 3.08%. The number of microbes that much and its high activity could accelerate mineralization or release of nutrient elements from worm excrement into a form available to plants. Plant growth regulators or plant hormones are compounds synthesized (made) in one part of the plant and the other part is moved. Besides, vermicompost contains a high CEC. CEC or the cation exchange capacity is the ability of soil to give or receive cations, nutrient plants. CEC is lower than the CEC thus vermicompost vermicompost can add nutrients into the soil or vermicompost can improve soil fertility (Mulat, 2003). Vermicompost is an organic fertilizer the original material such as dirt worms (Lumbricus rubellus). Nutrient content in vermicompost depend on organic matter decomposed and the type of worm, but generally vermicompost contains nutrients needed by plants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, minerals, vitamins. Quality organic fertilizer which is well marked with brownish black to black, odorless, crumb texture and ripe for the value of C / N <20 (Simanungkalit, et.al., 2006). Kascing fertilizer is fertilizer taken from the media where the worm's life. Media can be derived from materials or organic waste such as sawdust, dung, straw and others. Fertilizer Vermi composting is the result of a process that involves macro-organisms such as earthworms. Synergic cooperation between earthworm and micro-organisms produce effects on the decomposition process of the material so it goes well (Sinha, 2009). Furthermore, according to Munroe (2003), that aid in the composting worms will be required half the time of conventional composting. With the use of organic fertilizer or known

3 B. Gunawan et al / ADRI International Journal Of Agriculture 1 (2017) by the term natural farming(backto naturefarming) and biological fertilizers do to reduce reliance on the use of inorganic fertilizers and to overcome the negative impact caused by the use of inorganic fertilizer on farmland. According Rukmana (1994) in Indonesia tomatoes as one of the plants recommended in Business program Family Nutrition Improvement (UPGK) planted in the yard. These plants feasible and commercially cultivated intensively on dry land and paddy fields through the planting pattern matching in an area. For the cultivation of tomato plants is important in the effort to support increased incomes, in particular, expansion of employment opportunities, development of agribusiness and agro-industry, reducing imports and increasing exports. Given the many potential uses of tomatoes and to meet the requirements, the production of tomatoes need to be improved in quality and quantity. Implementation of fertilization in the field often becomes a problem in the cultivation of tomato plants, tomato plants nevertheless have a good response to fertilizers, both organic and artificial fertilizers / inorganic. Plant growth and production of a plant depends on the interaction between plants and the environment in which the plant grows. The environmental conditions can be affected by factors such as climate, soil and other organisms. These factors can limit and encourage growth and crop production, so as to obtain a high production can be done by setting environmental factors as possible. One attempt to regulate this environment is by adding fertilizer to the growth of tomato plants. Kascing fertilizer use is expected to increase the growth of tomato plants, so with good plant growth will be able to increase the production of tomato plants. This study aims to determine the growth and production of two varieties of tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum) with vermicompost fertilizer. II. RESEARCH METHODS The research was conducted at the experimental garden centers Urban Ornamental Plants and Agribusiness Surabaya city, with a height of approximately 5 meters above sea level. The materials used in the form of growing media as much as 10 kg of a mixture of garden soil and manure vermicompost and tomato seed varieties and varieties Permata 1 and varieties Ratna Ew Select F1. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD), which is arranged as factorial with two factors: Factor I: fertilizer vermicompost (K) with four levels of treatment that K 0= 0 kg / polybag; K 1= 1 kg / plant; K 2= 2 kg / polybag; K 3= 3 kg / polybag and Factor II: and varieties of plants (V) with 2 levels, namely V 1= Variety Gem F 1;V 2= Variety Ratna Ew Select F 1.Of these two factors obtained eight combinations, the treatment was repeated three times to obtain 24 treatment combinations and each combination there are two (2) samples of plants. Implementation of research, including the preparation of seeds, planting media preparation, planting, crop maintenance, and harvest. The parameters observed were plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf number, number of fruit per plant, weight of fresh fruit per plant, plant fresh weight and dry weight of plants. Statistical analysis in this study is needed to determine the effect of each treatment by using analysis of variance F test, while the test between treatments use a combination of LSD (Least Significant Difference) with a level of 5%. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. High

tomato plants; but separately vermicompost fertilizer treatment provides significant effect on plant height at the observation 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after planting, whereas treatment varieties also

4 B. Gunawan et al / ADRI International Journal Of Agriculture 1 (2017) Cropsstatistical analysis on plant height showed no significant interaction between fertilizer vermicompost and varieties of tomato plants; but separately vermicompost fertilizer treatment provides significant effect on plant height at the observation 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after planting, whereas treatment varieties also provide a real influence on the variables plant height. shows there is no interaction between treatment with vermicompost fertilizer varieties of tomatoes. Separately dosage of fertilizer vermicompost or varieties of tomatoes each providing a real impact on the number of leaves. Table 2 it appears that at the last observation 75 days after planting fertilizer treatment kascing highest achieved by treatment of K2 by cm, not significantly different from the treatment K3 amounted to cm, while the treatment of varieties of gem (V1) obtained result was higher by cm compared to varieties Ratna ( V2) of cm. Earthworms with the help of enzymes contained in the digestive apparatus instrumental insoluble convert nutrients into a soluble form that plants need. The nutrients contained in the vermicompost, so it can be absorbed by the roots of plants to be brought to all parts of the plant. Vermicompost containing plant growth hormones that can stimulate the growth of plant roots in the soil, spurring budding new branches on the trunk and branches of trees, as well as spur the growth of leaves. Vermicompost also can prevent the loss of soil due to runoff. In the process of formation of vermicompost, which is when the soil goes into the digestive tract worms, the worms will also secrete a compound which Ca-humic. With the presence of the compound of soil particles bound into a single unit (aggregate) to be excreted in the form of casting. Aggregates that has the ability to bind water and soil nutrients. Table 3 seen that vermicompost fertilizer treatment on a variable number of the highest leaf achieved by treatment of the K3 is which is not significantly different from K2 at 18:25. While tomato varieties gem treatments (V1) of 17:42 gives the number of leaves is higher than varieties Ratna (V2) at 14:58. The vegetative growth phase includes the growth of roots, stems and leaves. In this phase the plant requires a lot of food reserves (carbohydrates) which will be changed into energy for growth. At first, these carbohydrates come from pieces of seed, when growth starts since germination. Carbohydrates subsequently formed from the process of photosynthesis after leafy plants. So carbohydrates besides formed also overhauled for plant growth. (Ashari, 1995). 3.Diameter Statistical analysisof stem diameter showed no significant interaction between treatment vermicompost fertilizer and tomato varieties. But separately vermicompost fertilizer treatment provides significant effect on stem diameter at the age of 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after planting; whereas treatment of tomato varieties no real effect on the 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after planting. 2. The number of leaves Statistical analysis on the number of leaves

- 54 - B. Gunawan et al / ADRI International Journal Of Agriculture 1 (2017) 50-56 Table 4 shows that the treatment K2 provides the highest stem diameter of 1.

5 B. Gunawan et al / ADRI International Journal Of Agriculture 1 (2017) Table 4 shows that the treatment K2 provides the highest stem diameter of 1.99 cm are not significantly different from the K1 and K3 by 1.80 cm by 1.93 cm; whereas varieties (V1) tend to give higher diameter of 1.73 cm compared to varieties Ratna (V2) of 1.70 cm on the observation of 75 days after planting. Plant growth in general is strongly influenced by the availability of water and nutrients in the soil. According Harijadi (1991), further said that the extension occurs in cell enlargement - new cells, a process which requires the delivery of water, the formation of carbohydrates and certain hormones during the growing period will allow the cell wall stretched because of the rise of metabolic processes of plants. 4. Leaf Area statistical analysis result on leaf area did not show any significant interaction between treatment vermicompost fertilizer and tomato varieties. But separately vermicompost fertilizer treatment as well as a wide variety of each significant effect at all ages observations. Table 5 above it appears that vermicompost fertilizer treatment to the highest leaf area was achieved by treatment K2 is cm² which is not significantly different from the treatment of cm² K1 and K3 treatment amounted to cm². at 75 days after planting. As for the treatment appears that the varieties of gem varieties (V1) to produce leaf area was higher by cm² compared varieties Ratna (K2) of cm². According to Gardner and Brent (1991), mineral nutrients and water availability affect the growth segments, particularly by expansion of cells, such as the vegetative organs or organ of conception. The length, width and leaf area generally increases gradually in ontogeny up to a point, then the species, these parameters decreased slowly so that the largest leaf is located close to the center of the plant. The cause of the downsizing of the upper leaf is not yet known, but suspected their nutrient competition with flowering organs. 5. Amount of Fruits Statistical analysis on the number of fruit did not show any significant interaction between treatment vermicompost fertilizer and tomato varieties. But separately vermicompost fertilizer treatment provides significant effect on the amount of fruit at 75 days after planting, whereas treatment of tomato varieties also give real effect. Table 6 it appears that vermicompost fertilizer treatment to the highest number achieved by treatment of the fruit that is equal to 23:58 K3 is not significantly different from the treatment of 18:25 K1 and K2 at As for the treatment of variety show that gem varieties (V1) to produce the amount of fruit were higher at 20:08 than the varieties Ratna (V2) at 17:50. According to Hedy et al., (1994), that basically there are three factors that affect the low fruit formation, is less or no pollination, lack of fertilization and abortion abscission of fruits and young fruit(fruitlet).furthermore, according to Mulat (2003), that with the use of organic fertilizers or known by the term natural farming is done to reduce reliance on the use of inorganic fertilizers and to overcome the negative impact caused by the use of inorganic fertilizers at high risk for physical soil; and one organic fertilizer that is widely used as a fertilizer vermicompost.

6 B. Gunawan et al / ADRI International Journal Of Agriculture 1 (2017) Weight per Fruit Statistical analysis on the number of fruit did not show any significant interaction between treatment vermicompost fertilizer and tomato varieties. But separately vermicompost fertilizer treatment provides significant effect on the amount of fruit at 75 days after planting, whereas treatment of tomato varieties also give real effect. Table 7 it appears that vermicompost fertilizer treatment to the highest fruit weight was achieved by treatment K3 is equal to grams which is not significantly different from the treatment amounted to grams K1 and K2 of grams. As for the treatment appears that the varieties of gem varieties (V1) produced higher fruit weight of grams compared to varieties Ratna (V2) of grams. Vermicompost is dirt or feces earthworms that live on organic media. Vermicompost contains all the nutrients needed both macro nutrients and micro nutrients, where nutrients are absorbed by plants and is very useful for the growth and production. According Mulat (2003), that vermicompost contains many microbial and plant growth stimulating hormones like giberilin 2.75%, 1.05% cytokinin and auxin 3.08%. The number of microbes that much and its high activity can accelerate the mineralization or the release of nutrients from worm excrement into a form available to plants. 7. Fresh Weight and Dry Weight Cropsstatistical analysis on a fresh weight per plant did not show any significant interaction between treatment vermicompost fertilizer and tomato varieties. Separately vermicompost fertilizer treatment give real effect, while the wide varieties showed no real influence on the fresh weight and dry weight of plants. In table 8 it appears that the treatment of vermicompost fertilizer on plant fresh weight and dry weight of plants the highest achieved by treatment K3 is equal to grams and gram which is not significantly different from the treatment amounted to grams K1 and K grams and the treatment of grams and grams. For the treatment of tomato varieties turns gem varieties (V1) give higher values of grams and grams compared to varieties Ratna (V2) of grams and grams of variable plant fresh weight and dry weight of plants. Of all the variables mentioned above was observed that the provision of fertilizer vermicompost as much as 10-30% of the volume of growing media on tomato affect the increase in plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf number, number of fruit per plant, weight of fresh fruit per plant, plant fresh weight and dry weight of plants compared to control treatment or without fertilization. Therefore, the outcome depends on all the treatment plant crops are grown throughout the period of plant growth. IV. CONLUSION There were no significant interactions between treatment vermicompost fertilizer and varieties of tomato plants in all the variables studied observations. Fertilizer treatment kascing generally significant effect of all the variables observation studied were plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, leaf area, number of fruit, fruit weight, fresh weight of plants, and plant dry weight treatment of a wide variety of effect is not real on the variable diameter, weight of fruit per plant, plant fresh weight and dry weight of plants; but overall that gem varieties (V1) tend to do better than the varieties Ratna (V2). Treatment K3 ie vermicompost fertilizer as

7 B. Gunawan et al / ADRI International Journal Of Agriculture 1 (2017) much as 3 kg / polybag provide higher average results compared with other treatments; but statistics that treatment outcome variables assessed based K2 better and more efficient because no significant with K3. REFERENCES [1] Ashari, S., Horticultural Aspects of Aquaculture. University of Indonesia (UI- Press). Jakarta. 490 pp. [2] Bureau of Statistics Komoditas Horticulture: Tomato. Central Bureau of Statistics Komoditas Horticulture: Tomato. [3] Agriculture department Productivity Tomatoes ByProvince: ATAP2011/prodv-tomat.pdf. [4] Gardner, Franklin P. and R. Brent Pearce Raising PlantPhysiology.Indonesia University Press. [5] Harijadi, SS, Introduction to Agronomy. Gramedia. Jakarta. 195 pp [6] Heddy, S., Wahono Hadi Nugroho, Metty Kurniati Introduction to Plant Production and Post Harvest Handling. King Grafindo Persada. Jakarta. 246 pp [7] Linder, Maria C., Nutritional Biochemistry and Metabolism. Department of Chemistry. California State University, Fullerton. [8] Munroe G., Manual of On Farm Vermicomposting and vermiculture. Organic Agriculture Centre of Canada. [9] Mulat, T, Create and utilize berkuaalitas vermicompost organicfertilizer.agromedia Library. Jakarta. 77 pp [10] Rukmana, R.,1994.Tomatoes and Cerry. Canisius. Yogyakarta. 84 things [11] Simanungkalit, RDM., Didi Ardi Suriadikarta, Rasti Saraswati, Diah Setyorini, and Mandy Hartatik, Organic Fertilizer and Biological Fertilizer(OrganicFertilizer andbiofertilizer).the Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development Agency for Agricultural Research and Development. Bogor. [12] Sinha, RK, Earthworms Vermicompost; A Powerful Crop Nutrient over the Conventional Compost Soil Conditioner and Protective Against Destructive Chemical Fertilizers for Food Safety and Security ". Am-Euras.J.Agric. & Environ.Sci., Vol.5 (01-55). [13] Yitnosumarto. S Trial: Design, Analysis and lnterprestasinya. Dep. P and K Program Mathematics, University of Brawijaya.

Soils. Nutrients needed by plants 10/21/2013. Consists of a series of layers called. Soils consists of: Topsoil (A horizon) upper most layer

Soils. Nutrients needed by plants 10/21/2013. Consists of a series of layers called. Soils consists of: Topsoil (A horizon) upper most layer Soils Consists of a series of layers called Topsoil (A horizon) upper most layer Soils consists of: Mineral particles determine soil texture Organic matter Air and Soil organisms Nutrients needed by plants