The objective of an interior deigning is to decorate to achieve beauty, expressiveness, and functionalism.

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1 INTERIOR DECORATION INTERIOR DESIGNING Interior deigning is the is the orderly arrangement of lines, forms, colour, texture etc. to create beauty in a interior. A good deigns show an orderly arrangement of the material used and in addition, creates beauty in their finish product. Interior decoration can be in a highly personal form of a self expression the sum of the ones interest as an individual or group as well as practical stamen created by combining various element of art using certain deign principal OBJECTIVES OF INTERIOR DESIGNING The objective of an interior deigning is to decorate to achieve beauty, expressiveness, and functionalism. BEAUTY-whenever one say something is aesthetic, one usually implies that a beautiful place has been crated. Involved in this accomplishments the organization, selection and the arrangement of material into appealing form, art is an organization of energies and mean to gain the kind of response termed beauty.beauty is not the only objective in a planning and furnishing accommodating area.in addition area should express the idea and most important of all that should be functional effective EXPRESSIVENESS-An important way to approach the subject of selecting decorating and furnishing an area is to express some definitive idea or theme in it.these theme could be natural sophisticated,formality,royalty,coolness, freshness and antiquity and so on. FUNCTIONALISM-an accommodation product should, most importantly, work its space and furniture should serve the purpose for which they are intended. for instance, social spaces in the guest room are for group interaction,so seating should be comfortable,storage convenient, lighting ample and air conditioning,optimal, and appropriate functional and work spaces organized for efficiency. All areas should give the maximum of service.comport and pleasure for minimum of care.every phase of planning and furnishing should be based on function. Public area too divided according to function, such as places to lounge, socialize, exercise and garden.furniture here is arranged in functional group for study, reading conversation, writing eating and enjoy music. 1

2 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS TO BE KEPT IN MIND WHILE DESIGNING ARE 1. There should be a optimum use of space available. 2. It should be easy to maintain, that is, it should with stand the abuse it receive during operation 3. It should be convenient for guest 4. It should be practical in cost and within the budget constraint as far as possible BASIC TYPE OF DESIGN THERE ARE TWO TYPE STRUCTURAL AND DECORATIVE STRUCTURAL DESIGN-It denote the structure or construction of object.this is comprised of the size,form,colour and texture of object, be it the object itself,or the drawing of the object work out on a paper. BASIC REQUIREMENTS THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR A GOOD STRUCTURAL DESIGN ARE AS FOLLOW- It should be simple It should be well proportioned In addition to being beautiful, it should be suited to its purpose It should be suited to the material form from which it is made DECORATIVE DESIGN This is the surface enrichment of structural design. Any lines colour or material that have been applied to structural deigns for the purpose of adding a richer quality to it constitute its decorative design BASIC REQUIREMENTS THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR A GOOD DECORATIVE DESIGN ARE AS FOLLOW- Decoration should be used in moderation Decoration should be placed in a structural point and it should strength the shape of the object. There should be enough background space to give it an effect of simplicity The background should be suited to the pattern they are to placed against it Structural design is far more important than the decorative one since it it is essential to every object while decoration is the luxury of a design.a good design is the result of every certain element Of art being used according to principle of deign 2

3 Principles Elements Objectives Proportion Line Beauty Balance Form Expressiveness Emphasis Texture Functionalism Rhythm Colour Repetition Pattern Harmony Light Space The keynotes for achieving at the successful interior decoration art are the five S. Simplicity Serenity Spaciousness Suitability Sympathy Proportion The principle of proportion underlies all other principles. It states that the relation between areas, between parts of the same thing or different things of the same group should be satisfying. Proportion also deals with relationship in size, shape, colour, light, texture and pattern. The appearance of the exterior of a house is due to it s proportions. First the total mass, which depends on the height in relation to the length, then the proportions of roof, walls and foundation, and finally the relationship of doors, windows, and other elements that must be organized into an unified whole. The shape of the rooms and of every article of home furnishing should be judged by their proportions. The ability to recognize fine proportion is an invaluable asset to the home decorator. The figures A, B, C and D show the effect of dividing an area so as to produce interesting and uninteresting proportions. In A and B the divisions are too simple to form interesting areas, although B is much better than A. in C the spaces are too unlike to be remembered by the mind. In D the dividing line is placed somewhere between one half and one third length of the rectangle, thereby determining areas that are pleasantly related areas, as they are enough alike to be compared easily, yet different, enough to arouse interest. 3

4 Balance Balance is fundamental in interior decoration. In an interior, balance must be attained in colour, texture, light, as well as weight, pattern and furniture arrangement. Balance is the result of equalization of attractions on either side of the central point. There are two types of balances Formal balance and Informal balance Formal balance Formal balance results when objects of equal weight are placed on either sides and are at equal distance from the center. When the objects are identical, the balance is symmetrical and formal. Informal balance Informal or asymmetrical balance results when a large object balances a smaller one away from the center. There are many variations of informal balance. Informal balance is more creative than formal balance as there are no rules to guide one, whereas formal balance is less difficult, less subtle and more passive than informal balance. The type of balance created in interiors helps in determining the mood and effects created. Therefore it is not desirable to create a formal balance in a simple or small room or informal interior. Formal architecture and stately homes require formality in furniture arrangements and display of accessories. Balance is the most important principle employed in furniture arrangements. Emphasis Every interior or room should, if possible have a dominating colour, idea or form. A center of interest this principle is known as Emphasis. In order to place emphasis on any special feature, others must be subordinated or simplified. Emphasis can be created at any desired point in a room by using art components in a dramatic way. A large room may well have secondary points of interest also. Some decorators distribute the emphasis so that observers will give attention to the accessories, the furniture, the floor and the walls in this order. Sometimes this order is deliberately reversed to withdraw attention from things, which should be minimized. For example non-descript furniture can be eclipsed by beautiful accessories carpets or patterned curtains. Although the floor is not the place to focus attention, some carpets and rugs, especially Oriental carpets are so conspicuous, that they cannot be obscured. If a patterned and decorative carpet is used, the only solution is to subordinate everything else in the room. If possible every room should have a center of interest, which is the most important point in the room and should be worthy of the attention given to it. Emphasis may be placed on: - An attractive set of furniture. 4

5 Colour An Unusual form in a room Some Paintings or accessories Good Texture Pattern e.g. curtains, carpets, walls, upholstery, etc. A window or windows with a beautiful view Rhythm Rhythm is organized movement in continuity. It occurs in regular, repeated movements and also in variable transitional movements. Regular measured rhythm is the easi8est and the oldest way of creating harmony and it is an important element in architecture and interior design. It is a system of regular accenting that is found in a row of duplicate columns or in a striped fabric. Variable rhythm is found in irregular intervals of dissimilar parts. This rhythm may carry the eye along smoothly flowing lines or it may force the attention abruptly here and there in order to convey the desired emotional effect. This type of rhythm is employed to attract the eye throughout a painting until it is seen as a whole. Such rhythm unites all the articles in a group of furniture and also connects each group with adjoining groups. Repetition Repetition is closely related to rhythm, for it s use may result in rhythm. Repetition is necessary in producing beauty and it is the simplest way of achieving order. A theme or certain colours should be repeated in a room or interior for the purpose of making a composition. Lines, shapes used in any room should be harmonious and repeated for the sake of unity. Minor Principles Alteration - means repeating two lines or forms alternately Parallelism - refers to the use of parallel lines or form Symmetry - results from two vertical halves Contrast - means opposition of things and qualities. Line Most designs are composed of many lines and there is often a predominance of one type that contributes to the character of the design. Lines compel our eyes to follow them Four type of line are listed below can be seen which have their own influence maybe made between main line or proportion between the body take in different action. 5

6 VERTICAL LINE - Straight lines when vertical suggests steadfastness, sturdiness strength and forcefulness, and is likely to be dignified, masculine, disciplined and formal. In interior decoration vertical lines tend to suggest apparent height of the room. in hotel the vertical lie n are doorway, pillar coloum draperies and furniture give the necessary strength t an d height to rooms. In rooms with low ceilings, vertical lines should be used to make the room look taller. HORIZONTAL -(sideways) lines suggest response and relaxation. When a human being lies down he or she is perceived as resting or sleeping.therefore horizontal line naturally suggest rest,repose, or steadiness.these line give solidity and down to earth felling. They suggest tranquility, serenity and relaxation. It increases the width of a room and gives a feel of informality. It can be provided with furniture like table, benches, sofas, etc. DIAGONAL LINES- suggest action as they keep the eye moving. This action can be cut down making the diagonal lines meet and stopping the action. CURVED LINES- Curved line expresses many different moods or ideas. Circular or voluptuous curves express a feeling of gaiety. Softer S shaped curve may express gracefulness and refinement. In relaxation the body takes the curved position. Hence curved line indicates the flexibility and grace. But too many curved lines can produce restlessness. In hotels, curved lines may form a transition between the abrupt joining of vertical and horizontal lines, such as those formed by tied back curtains, arches and the graceful curves of furniture. Note -Line combinations in the structural features of a room, furniture designs, accessories and patterns must be carefully considered to achieve the desired effect. A composition with too much of any one type of line may become uninteresting or unpleasant, but emphasis on one type helps to promote the theme. Form Lines are so much part of form that it is difficult to consider them separately. The term line is applied to two-dimensional areas or shapes, but when it acquires three-dimensional volumes or masses it becomes form. Shape and form are terms that are used interchangeably, but shape can be understood in terms of pattern while form in terms of mass. There are basically three categories of form: Rectilinear square or rectangle Angular triangle or pyramid Curved circle, sphere, cone or cylinder Form is one of the most important elements in interior designing. Most interiors illustrate a combination of forms. Repetition of same forms can become uninteresting. Even utilitarian articles can be beautiful in form. The two essentials of good form are The form of an object should suit it s function The form of an object should be strongly influenced by the material with which it is made. Harmony of form is essential in assembling of furnishings. The dominance of one kind of form or shape unifies a room. Different or diverse forms and lines in a room lead to disharmony. Even accessories should confirm to the dominant line of the room. 6

7 Texture The word texture refers to the visual and tactile quality of the surface of any object. The pliability or rigidity of objects also has textural significance as it affects the quality of the surface. Texture is an element of art that is valuable in giving character and beauty to objects, textiles, interiors, buildings, etc., as it plays a prominent part in all the visual arts. One of the first decisions to be made in furnishing a room or a house is the selection of the furniture wood, the polish that must be used on the furniture, and the style for all other textures must be in harmony with the furniture. For e.g. mahogany and rose wood suggest elegance and require delicate texture like silk, satin, velvet, combined with deep piled rugs. The accessories should be delicate and fine like crystal and silver. Obviously mahogany and wax polished c.p teak furniture cannot be combined. Coarser wood requires textures like rough silk, cotton with copper or brass hardware, ceramics, wrought iron, etc. Even in a single article texture problems are present (if more than one type of material is used), as only agreeable textures should be combined. For e.g. a metal chair looks good if upholstered with leather as both of them are sleek. Refinement in appreciation of texture suggests that a relationship exists between colour and texture. Coarse textures and dainty colours are not harmonious, whereas fine textures and pastel colours are consistent. It is important while decorating a room to ensure that the texture employed do not clash with one another. The texture of a single article should never be considered separately, but as a contribution to the total effect to the room. PATTERN- This refers to any sort of surface enrichment and applies to both two and three dimensional object. A large room can support more pattern than the small one. Generally pattern should cover just about a quarter of the total surface area. If wall and carpet are plain then draperies and upholstery may be patterned. Pattern should not compete with the major focal point in the room, and too much pattern will make the room seem busy. How to use pattern: - Most often a pattern accent is at it s best against a neutral background Usually bold patterns calls for a large massive area, but this guideline also needs to be viewed in terms of it s exceptions. Using the same pattern on many pieces is a good way to achieve harmony. Mixing prints should be done with skill and a feeling for colour and design. Two patters of the same colour may be effectively combined if they are of related styles and design scales. The same pattern in another related colour may combine well. Geometric patterns may be combined with floral, if they use the same colours; the dominant colour could then be used in solid areas of the room. Pattern use may be naturalistic, stylized, geometric, or abstract. 7

8 LIGHT-when light strike an object, it may be reflected, absorbed or allowed to pass.light has functional and aesthetic effect. Light may be dull or sharp, bright or diffused. The effects of light on interior are 1. Bright light emphasis on us and has the tendency to foster either hard work or energies play. 2. Subdued light make us feel relaxed, but it is to subdued, may put us to sleep. 3. Too brilliant light often causes us to look away in physical and emotional distress. 4. A bright, focused light can make one feel in the spotlight. 5. Flickering light, as a form of fire place nearly always draws people to it. 6. Strong contrasted of bright and dark seen dramatic, but if they are too extreme can be tiring. 7. Warm color light seems cheerful and welcoming 8. Cool colored light is often more restful SPACE - The element called space can be used to increase the size of the room visually and to give the room a quite feeling of rest and beauty. this is one of the most important elements of inferior deigning. the organization of a space is the work or architect and interior decorator.unless a is thoughtfully, planned nothing else well seemed to be quite right.almost any space Is sensitively handed can be made effective livable and dramatic, a sense of beauty of a space make us want large undecorated wall, and floor can be bounded by other element without disturbing effect. The appreciation of good spacing is the reason we may use the minimum amount of furniture and concentrate them in a group so that we can have empty, silent space in the room. Today the trend is to become freer and less obstructed. Indoor space can be opened up by means of few partition and large opening between room.indoor spaces can also connected with the limitless outdoor spaces by mean of glass walls, large opening and porches. The feeling of spaciousness can be achieved by using light colours, use minimum contrast, use floor-to-ceiling glass, use illusionist devices like mirrors, scenic wall papers, use lighting that emphasize the ceiling, curtains with valance lighting, use furniture with legs, etc. 8

9 ACCESSORIES SELECTION AND ARRANGEMENT Should be placed at important positions. Needs to be related to furniture and furniture grouping Everything should not be placed in a straight line. There should be space between individual items. Shapes and heights can be varied to create interest. If they are figured or decorated, place against plain background. Accessories maybe Books and magazines Clocks Lamps Mirrors Pictures Plants Sculpture Wall hangings Small art objects Flower arrangements. 9

10 PICTURE They add meaning and lend personality & individuality to a room. Factors involved in choosing a picture Does the wall space need a picture to complete it s composition? What shape will fill the needs of the wall single or group? Shape of the wall shape. Subject matter of the picture Style and medium. Background of the room. Frames. Choosing the right picture frame guidelines - Consider the frame as an actual part of the picture. The frame should complement the theme and technique of the picture. Do not choose a wide massive frame for a delicate floral print. A large dark frame will overpower a picture that is painted in delicate tones. The frame material should blend with the furniture if the place. Picture placement suggested guidelines Picture placement should be planned and arranged in an orderly fashion. Hang pictures at eye level, i.e., five to six feet from the floor, in rooms. In public areas hang higher depending on the space. Hang pictures where they will be enjoyed. When hanging a picture over a sofa, it should be low enough to be a part of a grouping, but high enough not to touch the head of the person. Vertical placed pictures enhance vertical wall spaces. Avoid hanging pictures in stair-step fashion. A large picture maybe hung alone. If required, a pair of smaller pictures maybe used instead of a large one. A horizontal row of pictures maybe used over any long, low furniture grouping. Pictures hung as composite group are effective. Pictures hung in groups should be similar in character. A painting should hang alone only when it is large and important enough to hold interest. 10