Prepared by: Ms. Joshima V.M., University of Nizwa, Oman.

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1 Prepared by: Ms. Joshima V.M., University of Nizwa, Oman.

2 TYPES OF FURNITURE: Furniture are classified under different categories based on: 1. Function 2. Social use 3. Form 4. Spatial organization 5. Typological order

4 TYPES OF FURNITURE: FUNCTION BASED Examples of furniture classified under categories of utility/function: Human Body Support Activities Containing Defining Spaces

TYPES OF FURNITURE: FUNCTION BASED Human Body

in the course of sitting, resting and sleeping.

minimum body movement, support the weight of the

5 TYPES OF FURNITURE: FUNCTION BASED Human Body Support: Furniture directly supports the human body in the course of sitting, resting and sleeping. At a minimum, human body support should allow for minimum body movement, support the weight of the body as evenly as possible and minimize uncomfortable pressure points.

6 TYPES OF FURNITURE: FUNCTION BASED Activities: Eating, Reading, Typing, Writing People depend on furniture for a variety of activities and furniture influences how one experience these activities. Eg: how one experiences a meal, reads a book, types a report etc.

7 TYPES OF FURNITURE: FUNCTION BASED Containing: Storing, Displaying, Organizing. Case goods are freestanding elements, generally made of wood. Eg: book case, drawers etc Casework is typically custom fabricated for the specific contents. Kitchen cabinets, pantries etc.

8 TYPES OF FURNITURE: FUNCTION BASED Defining Spaces: Enclosing, Shaping, Partitioning Spaces can be divided or unified through builtin-furniture, screens and shelving systems.

10 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SOCIAL USE 1. Healthcare 2. Hospitality 3. Institutional 4. Multifunctional 5. Office 6. Residential 7. Religious 8. Retail 9. Recreational

11 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SOCIAL USE Healthcare: for those who require assistance. Healthcare furniture include wheelchairs, rollaway carts, lift chairs and adjustable tables

12 Lift chairs assist those with disabilities in getting into and out of a seated postion.

13 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SOCIAL USE Early wheelchairs that were heavy and rigid are replaced with lightweight titanium wheel chair for athletic purposes. Power wheel chair use digital technology for automatic brakes and anti-tipping devices. And are electronically controlled for easy moving.

14 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SOCIAL USE Most of the ICU beds today are air inflated, temperature controlled, movable, and adjustable in height, length and width. Most of them work closely with the healthcare devices to ease body discomfort and save lives.

15 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SOCIAL USE Hospitality: for public and social interactions. Eg: lounge seating, restaurant chairs and tables, lobby seating and reception desks.

16 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SOCIAL USE Institutional: used in classrooms, libraries & training facilities. Also known as contract furniture. Eg: stackable chairs, fixed seating for auditoriums, lecture rooms, folding seats, shelving systems etc

one purpose. Valet chair designed by Hans.G.Wegner.

17 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SOCIAL USE Multifunctional: most furniture in small spaces are designed to serve more than one purpose. Valet chair designed by Hans.G.Wegner. Designed as a stool with small storage and that can take coats or jackets.

18 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SOCIAL USE Multifunctional: Another example of a multifunctional furniture is the Futons. Traditional bedding system that can be stored away when not in use or can be used as a seat.

19 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SOCIAL USE Multifunctional: Storage/ Display units used for store and display products as well as to define and organize space. Wirecube designed by Verner Panton (1970) brings the utility and visual language of traditional Baker s rack.

20 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SOCIAL USE Office: ergonomic seating, workstations and Systems furniture EG: ACTION OFFICE SYSTEM DESIGNED BY ROBERT PROPST, INTRODUCED BY HERMAN MILLER IS THE FIRST PANEL BASED OPEN-PLAN OFFICE SYSTEM IN THE WORLD.

21 Primary themes behind Action office are open communication areas, flexibility for spatial and functional change and incorporating a greater sense of user control throughout the workplace. Action office was developed as a system of components that can be configured and reconfigured as needed over time. The ability of individual to control their physical and ambient work environments was responsive to the growing trend. Since then the concept of networking, teaming and hoteling have developed in the culture of workplaces and in turn have inspired new office systems and new product lines. Action office design principles are space-saving benefits, durability, design options, and interchangeable components.

22 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SOCIAL USE Residential: social gathering, dining, organizing & resting

23 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SOCIAL USE Religious: Altars, Arks and Minbars- to perform specific religious rituals. Altar is a focal point for the celebration of the mass in Christian churches.

24 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SOCIAL USE Ark is the most important liturgical furniture in a Jewish Synagogue.

25 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SOCIAL USE Minbar is a high podium, an elevated structure from which the Islamic sermon is given during Friday communal prayers. It is located in front of the assembly near the mihrab. Metaphoric elements are typically incorporated in the minbar and include a gate, ascending steps to heaven, portal and open door.

26 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SOCIAL USE

27 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SOCIAL USE Retail: to display, store, transact and sell. Retail furnishing should be flexible, durable and require low maintenance, and promote the sale of merchandise.

28 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SOCIAL USE Retail: to display, store, transact and sell. Examples are storage containers/ shelving systems used for organizing and accessing. Cash-wraps and reception counters are another important furniture pieces.

29 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SOCIAL USE Recreational: Play, Leisure and Outdoor furnishing- for gaming and leisure activities. Poker tables, Foosball tables and PingPong tables are examples of leisure and play. Concepts of health, safety and welfare are the important considerations.

30 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SOCIAL USE Recreational: Play, Leisure and Outdoor furnishing- for gaming and leisure activities. Outdoor furniture made of wood are to be maintained yearly with a UV protecting and penetrating oil. Aluminum is another popular material fro outdoor furniture because its is light weight and weathers well.

32 TYPES OF FURNITURE: FORMS Form creates the physical and spatial structure of the furniture. Form results from the many ways of thinking about structure, materials, function, social use and technical considerations. Form also reveals the shape of the furniture. Shape is dependent on the descriptive geometry.

33 TYPES OF FURNITURE: FORMS Shape of furniture is organized into 5 sections: 1. Angular 2. Curvilinear 3. Composite 4. Orthogonal 5. Sectional/Modular

34 TYPES OF FURNITURE: FORMS Angular: Composed of angles, lines and planes. Which is Canted, non orthogonal and non curvilinear geometry. Zig-Zag chair, designed and fabricated by Gerrit Rietveld Has bold angular relationships between chair support, seat pan and seat back. The diagonal cantilever is made of dovetailed, glued and screwed joinery.

35 TYPES OF FURNITURE: FORMS Curvilinear Shapes with no sharp edges and angles. Poul Kjaerholm s PK9 chair in composed of curved fiberglass seat covered with leather and curved steel supports.

36 TYPES OF FURNITURE: FORMS Curvilinear Compound curves are curvilinear shapes that bend in two or more directions.

37 TYPES OF FURNITURE: FORMS Composite Utilizes two or more geometric systems or materials. Eg: Curvilinear and Orthogonal forms using or Stone and Wood in one piece.

38 TYPES OF FURNITURE: FORMS Composite Naguchi Coffee Table is a composite of biomorphic-shaped wood supports and curvilinear glass top.

39 TYPES OF FURNITURE: FORMS Orthogonal Made of Rectangular geometric forms created by lines, planes and volumes positioned at 90degree to one another. Armoires, beds, shelves and sofas are often orthogonal due to their size, cost of fabrication and spatial proximity to a wall.

40 TYPES OF FURNITURE: FORMS Orthogonal Donald Judd s Plywood Box chairs (1991) is his exploration of light, form and order expressed through orthogonal geometry.

41 TYPES OF FURNITURE: FORMS Sectional/Modular Composed of individual components that can be arranged in various ways. Designed as flexible systems that can be assembled, disassembled and reconfigured.

42 TYPES OF FURNITURE: FORMS Sectional and Modular are often used interchangeably, but distinctions should be made. Sectional furnishings are arrangements of components that can be composed in various ways. The components need not be similar or even proportional to one another.

TYPES OF FURNITURE: FORMS Modular furnishing rely upon proportional correlation between components, with repeatable geometric relation between

43 TYPES OF FURNITURE: FORMS Modular furnishing rely upon proportional correlation between components, with repeatable geometric relation between parts, which may be arranged in a variety of ways. Waterlily, by Troels Grum. A modular seating. Modularity and curvilinear forms makes it flexible.

45 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SPATIAL ORGANIZATION Furniture designer should consider the : Spatial relationships between people and furniture. Spatial relationships between various components of furniture. Spatial composition of furniture and interior space.

46 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SPATIAL ORGANIZATION 1. Centralized 2. Clustered 3. Grids 4. Linear 5. Radial

47 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SPATIAL ORGANIZATION Centralized Focused towards the center of the space.

Centralized space at Eero Saarinen s chapel in MIT. Built-in marble altar, a circular light lantern located in the chapel s ceiling and a metal sculputre by Harry Bertoia centered above the altar.

48 Centralized space at Eero Saarinen s chapel in MIT. Built-in marble altar, a circular light lantern located in the chapel s ceiling and a metal sculputre by Harry Bertoia centered above the altar. The size, location, orientation and surface articulation of these three components, with the dynamic effect of daylight brough into the chapel from the lantern, influence the perception of centralized typology.

49 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SPATIAL ORGANIZATION Clustered Group of three or more elements ( or axial orientations) sharing the same field. Many office systems are designed to fit a broad range of spatial layouts.

50 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SPATIAL ORGANIZATION Grids: Furniture arranged in a grid pattern to organize/layout a space. Grids are useful in bringing order in spatial organization. Albert Reichmuth s wine store based on 3D grids. Extruded cubes organised along x,y and z co-ordinates.

51 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SPATIAL ORGANIZATION Linear Conceived as a line, either straight or curves, warps and transforms.

52 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SPATIAL ORGANIZATION Linear Bookworm, designed by Ron Arad (1994). The eye follows the line from beginning to the end point. Wavy linear characteristics are expressed through edges, seams and planes of furniture.

53 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SPATIAL ORGANIZATION Linear DU longue seating by Gulen Cevik and Jim Postell integrates upright and reclining postures. Wavy edges and juxtaposing planar surfaces visually express linear movement.

54 TYPES OF FURNITURE: SPATIAL ORGANIZATION Radial: Furniture elements radiate from center to outward. Outward oriented spaces. Tatlin II sette, by Semprini/ Canazi (1989) is designed to orient users outward into space.

56 TYPES OF FURNITURE: TYPOLOGICAL ORDERS 1. Assembled/disassembled or Flat-pack/Knockdown 2. Built-in (Case work) 3. Freestanding( Case good) 4. Inflatable 5. Transformable 6. Movable

57 TYPES OF FURNITURE: TYPOLOGICAL ORDERS Assemble/disassemble Furniture that is sold as unassembled and cunsumer assembles it. Also known as RTA (Ready to- assemble) furniture. Or Flat pack furnishings. Swedish furniture company IKEA sells unassembled, flat-pack furniture and controls expenses in getting products to market. Expenses on distributing furniture is reduced and passed on to consumers.

59 TYPES OF FURNITURE: TYPOLOGICAL ORDERS Built-in Furniture that is integrated with/attached to the floor, wall or ceiling. Can enhance the continuity of architecture and interior spaces.

60 Built-in study carousels in Exeter Library, designed by Architect Louis Kahn..

61 TYPES OF FURNITURE: TYPOLOGICAL ORDERS Freestanding: Furniture units that are experienced/accessed from multiple locations. Chieftain Longue chair, by Finn Juhl (1949). Attractive from its back as it is from the front.

62 TYPES OF FURNITURE: TYPOLOGICAL ORDERS Inflatable Furniture that can be blown with air or water to gain its desired form. Eg: waterbeds, inflatable air mattress, therapy ball etc.

63 TYPES OF FURNITURE: TYPOLOGICAL ORDERS Inflatable Blow chair designed by Jonathan de Pas et.al for Zanotta. One of the first commercial furniture with a thin membrane of PVC, low voltage weld-seams and air.

64 TYPES OF FURNITURE: TYPOLOGICAL ORDERS Mechanical (Transformative Machines for Living) Furniture with mechanical joinery that allows to transform into different shapes.

65 Chair-table designed by Alessandro Mendini in an arm chair that ressembled a throne with a pivotal back that could easily convert to a table. Manufactured by Zanotta.

66 TYPES OF FURNITURE: TYPOLOGICAL ORDERS Movable: That can be moved to different locations without difficulty to enhance function. Alvar Alto s Tea Trolley (1934) designed to roll about easily. Large wheels are painted wood and are banded with rubber to reduce noise caused by movement.

67 Office Furniture designed by F.L.Wright for Johnson s wax HQ (1937). Uses casters to freely roll about in space at a time when many chairs of the same typology did not.

68 THANK YOU!!

INTD 408 FURNITURE DESIGN

INTD 408 FURNITURE DESIGN Topic: Modern Furniture Designers and their works Prepared by: Ms. Joshima V.M., University of Nizwa, Oman. Alvar Aalto Alvar Aalto was a Finnish architect and designer. Invented