Cultural heritage: building resilience to disasters

Transcription

1 G7 Science Conference The role of National Academies and International Academy Networks in advising institutions Rome, 3 May 2017 Cultural heritage: building resilience to disasters

2 Giovanni Seminara Lincei Fellow and Emeritus University of Genoa Mario Torelli Lincei Fellow and Professor of Archeology and Greek-Roman History, University of Perugia Drafting Committee Antonio Sgamellotti Lincei Fellow and Emeritus, University of Perugia Carlo Doglioni Lincei Fellow and President National Institute of Geophysics and Vulcanology (INGV) Massimiliano Mazzanti Professor of Economy, University of Ferrara Andrea Rinaldo Fellow of NAS Director of the Laboratory of Ecohydrology EPFL, Lausanne

3 Why this Statement? In spite of numerous declarations concerning the protection of cultural heritage, national governments have been slow in taking effective actions

4 Florence 50 years later? Florence, 4 November 1966 Independent International Committee (ITSC) established to assess reduction of flood risk in Florence Galloway, Bloschl, Garcia, Montanari, Seminara and Solari

5 Final Report ITSC, 2017 The level of protection that exists in Florence now does not yet provide the risk reduction needed for the city and is not on a level appropriate to the citizens and treasures that rest within the city... If, under current conditions, a 1966-like flood occurred, the consequences to human lives, treasures, other properties and community infrastructure could be much more catastrophic than they were in

6 As a result of ITSC Report, the Italian Agency ITALIA SICURA in charge of planning actions needed to protect the Italian territory from Hydraulic and Geological risks has discovered that «.Florence has: - 35 % of the population at risk vs. 10% for the Italian territory; - 60% of cultural heritage at risk vs. 15% for the Italian territory; - 50 % of economic assets at risk vs 12 % for the Italian territory..» And concludes: «.. Hence, the defence of Florence cannot be simply treated as a residual problem: on the contrary it must be considered as an absolute priority. We have then borrowed the motto Whatever it takes» (Grassi and Massini, IAP-Lincei Conference)

7 The Activities of Accademia dei Lincei on resilience of cultural heritage- 1 Conference one (4-5 Nov. 2014) Resilience of art cities to hydro-geological catastrophes: success and failures of the Italian experience Proceedings and Final statement

8 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Global Target C: Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic product (GDP) by 2030 For the first time it includes cultural heritage C6: Direct economic loss to cultural heritage damaged or destroyed attributed to disasters...

9 The Activities of Accademia dei Lincei on resilience of cultural heritage- 2 Conference two (3-4 Nov. 2015) Enhancing Resilience of historic cities to earthquakes No final statement: no consensus on how to set safety targets. How should the design catastrophic event be chosen? Norcia Cathedral after the M6.1 earthquake In 1997 And the M6.2 earthquake Of August 2016 Norcia Cathedral after the M6.6 earthquake October 2016

10 The Activities of Accademia dei Lincei on resilience of cultural heritage- 3 Conference three (11-13 October 2016): IAP-Lincei Conference Florence Resilience of Art Cities to Natural Catastrophes: The Role of Academies The Charter of Rome on the Resilience of Art Cities to Natural Catastrophes

11 The G7 statement has built upon the outcomes of these activities 1- Why protecting cultural heritage is a special challenge Distinctive aspects of cultural heritage 1- Uniqueness 2- Risk assessment poses special problems 3- Economic feasibility of risk reduction measures

12 2- Actions needed: The role of governments 1- Heritage sites, deserve a special status with a higher and more sophisticated protection 2- Pre-disaster planning for and clear identification of funding for post-event emergency and recovery phases. 3- Integrate assessment of social costs-benefits of risk-reducing investments into public policies.

13 The participatory experience relates to social capital generation Complements taxpayer money with donation-schemes in favor of specific cultural projects 2- Actions needed: The role of participatory experience Restoration supported by - Prada - Getty Foundation

14 2- Actions needed: The role of Academies 1- Education: cultural heritage is a crucial element of the identity of communities 2- Promote specific research (hazard mapping, non market value of cultural assets) 3- Advise: aggregate best technological and cultural expertise to assess best practices and develop agreed guidelines 4- Peer review: assess progress made in risk mitigation of major at-risk heritage sites.

15 Thank you