Daily Life in China :A Method of Modernizing Local Architecture and Localizing Modern Architecture

Transcription

1 UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress P-0710 Daily Life in China :A Method of Modernizing Local Architecture and Localizing Modern Architecture Hanyue Li *1 1 Postgraduate, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, China Abstract Asia cities have very different culture background from western cities.a large number of modern buildings in China completely change the vernacular houses and lifestyle, even result in the disappearance of diversity.the disappearance of Hutong ( a traditional residence in the north of China) reflects the danger of Chinese local buildings.modernity in China has almost become a title of Westernization.The daily life is the fountain of spacial diversity.so that is the keyword of lasting Chinese local architecture against the modern ages. As to the new buildings,we should respect local tradition.from traditional building craftsmanship to customs, architects should combine them to modern buildings. As to historic buildings, it is positive to combine modern function or space in the buildings.the balance between local buildings and modern style lies in the rate of changing. The judgment of whether it is a suitable rate is based on keeping the traditional daily life. Daily life is also the inspiration for Chinese architects.in the intricacies of history, daily life strategies help Chinese architects preserve diversity.through this design method,it makes the city as a humanized city with modern and local tradition. Keywords: Daily life; local architecture; modern architecture; diversity; 1. The discussion of the diversity Massive modernization kills the city s diversity.the spread of "international style" construction and commercial development in Chinese cities will make the gap between cities smaller and smaller, and the original urban features, geographical features, humanities and society will all disappear in large-scale urban construction. The blueprint for development seeks to obliterate the uncertainty of urban development by attempting to be completely independent of existing environments and cultures through large-scale construction and trendy concepts. Purely urban construction, in nineteenth Century, was the most economical and fast way of building on the basis of a blank sheet of white paper or all of the historic urban areas pushed by the industrial age. History, customs, and religion are regarded as meaningless factors. But the development of human city, civilization has always played an important role. As the boom of technological development receded, it was suddenly discovered that the rich and varied urban landscape was missing and replaced by a stereotyped industrial, modern urban landscape. * Contact Author: Hanyue Li,Postgraduate, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, China Tel: keys_lee@163.com UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress 1

2 Such a modern city is a static city. It ignored the daily life, it is universal and anywhere in the world. You can foresee the end of the city from the beginning of the city. But the future is vague and the society is complex. The development of modern large-scale, ignoring the regional differences and cultural inertia, modern city and Brasilia and Chandigarh as a flat, the absence of influence to the daily life and the accumulation of the natural environment, the city has become the cornerstone of no flooding shell. Localization ensures diversity. If modernity is the product of the rapid development of the economy in the nineteenth Century, the blind confidence in technology has led us to neglect the relationship with environment and culture. His side effect is to erase the diversity of the region. The development and formation of local architecture is chosen by natural environment. A human custom gradually created by the environment; acting in the form of architecture and construction. Local style is becoming stable in the process. Because of the different geographical and cultural conditions, it has produced a rich regional atmosphere. Today's Chinese cities and towns, the so-called universal modern buildings, occupy the city's most prosperous areas. The local architecture with rich historical connotation has become a poor area. The most comprehensive areas of diversity in China are often the outer suburbs and shanty towns. In the contemporary era where the character of the city has been eroded, the rescue of urban diversity and the protection of the diversity of the outer suburbs are all the measures that should be taken to avoid the local architecture being replaced by modern architecture. 2. The connotation of daily life Heidegger pointed out that modern technology leads to the separation of people and the world, and in 1980s, a famous British sociologist Giddens pointed out, the daily life is in a staggered season, with time based on the formation of "practice", is recurrent, persistent human activities, then, makes the human daily life and the world have close contact. Lefebvre in the "critique of" daily life daily life is pointed out in the soil and the foundation of all social activities, social system, cultural phenomenon, all other activities of hair, is the link between the various activities of daily life, although there are characteristics of stubborn and conservative, but also has a "lively attitude" and "poetic the atmosphere". The differences of daily life reflect different social atmosphere, so as to combat the side effects of modern technology. Daily life is connected with the past, present and future, and its dynamic is the quality that modern architecture does not have. At the same time, this kind of "Convention" has the precipitation of self, is the source and characteristics of the local, and maintains the authenticity of the region. Daily life can help diverse cultures of the world against a single modern erosion, in any place, when the modern technology and local collision, in the daily life as the starting point to design, to build a own local culture building. It is very important to keep its original appearance today when diversity becomes a scarce resource. But while retaining daily life, its stubborn and conservative nature may impede progress and not enjoy the good side of modern technology. Therefore, the integration of modern building construction into daily life can continue the "poetic atmosphere", while the integration of local architecture with modern technology can change the conservative attitude. Daily life, as a balance point, is of great significance in the protection of diversity. 3. The localization of modern architecture China's large-scale construction is still in full swing in the city. Because of the micro nature of daily life, it is necessary to reduce the scale of construction planning in order to change the style and features of the urban 2 UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress

3 area. Based on the small scope development, the influence factors of daily life are effective for urban development. At present, small scale development is easier to achieve in Chinese villages.daily life at the architectural level can contain two specific elements, namely, construction techniques and customs. Application of construction techniques. Sichuan Liangshan saddle bridge village post earthquake reconstruction project, from the local rammed earth construction has the advantages of low cost, simple construction, convenient life with modern technology and seismic analysis, by optimizing the housing structure, improvement of rammed earth formula, improved recording construction method construction techniques on the earthquake recovery village due to the scene and improve the quality of life. The same is the rammed earth construction, Maosi ecological demonstration primary school is an example. The new project according to the local construction of rammed earth structure and the construction technology, to give adequate protection to the new process: wood structure system of traditional new buildings to take the sun, rammed earth brick as maintenance materials to suppress traditional materials, straw mud as joint materials, construction of rubble as a base (Fig.1,2). At the same time, in the reflection of good thermal performance in most regions of rammed earth construction, simple construction and environmental friendly are ignored by the causes of masonry concrete instead, should get the construction speed, moisture, anti shear ability is improved, so the foundation in the construction process and adobe wall roughly the same, the introduction of the roof insulation layer the wooden frame and double glass and other auxiliary measures. Fig.1. Traditional wooden structure (CAMA) Fig.2. Rubble as a base (CAMA) The inheritance of traditional customs. The creation of modern architecture, from the source, is a simple way to pass on daily life, providing space for traditional activities and providing living space in line with local people's living customs. To the west of the village courtyard as an example, Chengdu people accustomed to in the bamboo forest recreational activities, in order to reproduce the traditional dwellings, stimulate the collective memory and inheritance of local architects, a lot of bamboo in the site, collective activities in the localization of the space, can better place. At the same time, outside the gallery and the various functional skeleton compound Nishimura, provide a good place to enjoy the cool air for residents. The people who love leisure and leisure here change themselves into a place for playing mahjong and drinking tea in Chengdu. (Fig.3) in the construction method, construction materials and the use of modern technology, but the concrete template used local mats, daily life objects into the building facade texture, and native are related (Fig.4). UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress 3

4 Fig.3.Activities under the bamboo Fig.4.The texture of concrete In Liping County, the Dangc Gal Jaemll as an example, consider the centrality of the spatial layout of Dong Ka Lau: around the fireplace or drum performance (Fig.5).The integration of traditional performing customs is expressed in space. Respect local customs and use surround spaces instead of opposing spaces. Relying on local customs and functional spatial positioning, the local customs will be respected first, and naturally create a sense of place familiar to the local people. Fig.5. The surround spaces for Dangc Gal Jaemll 4. The modernization of local architecture The change of the concept of heritage protection influences the modernization of local architecture. The protection method based on the authenticity of the Venice Charter (1964) mainly emphasizes the minimum intervention protection for authenticity, and the creative restoration is not in the scope of protection (1). This method of conservation is based on a static view of history. "Machu Picchu Charter (1977)" reflects the protection practice of static, put forward the "adaptive reuse method", after the "Nairobi proposal (1976) " proposed heritage should be with the times together, thus building heritage reuse design has become one of the built heritage protection is recognized. "The Burra Charter (1979)" regional focus on the heritage of the building and the area as the object of protection, into the social nature of the built heritage considerations, supplement the lack of architectural protection of cultural protection. The status of China's local architecture is in a state of rapid substitution or temperamental absence. Native architecture is considered a material space that does not match the commodity economy. However, this area is the real survival of the local culture, and joined the daily life in the new building, as the improvement of people's living conditions in the atmosphere of life where the atmosphere of daily life as a resource for local architecture modernization development. 4 UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress

5 Modernization needs to be based on respect for everyday customs. To retain the spatial structure and scale of the original area, and to excavate the living customs of the local people, is the key to the renewal of the local architecture. Therefore, under the premise of constant structural space, it is feasible to add the corresponding sites and buildings for the central revival of traditional customs. Mr. Wu Liangyong's theory of organic renewal emphasizes that the protection and treatment of residential buildings should be treated differently according to the present situation and protected, transformed or demolished according to cultural significance and quality. Such as the protection of Ju'er Hutong, the protection of good quality, poor quality of the courtyard renovation. In addition, for different areas, local construction and regional classification are determined according to the applicability of different protection methods. At the same time, the preservation of customs as well as construction and construction techniques should be based on the applicability of the modern life of the local people. The authenticity protection zone node building important in traditional activities as a regional protection of the "point" in the physical space, when the original building still fulfilling functions must retain its function; when the built heritage has moved for it, can be used as a museum or other use according to the wishes of local people to protect. Hutong as a source of daily life, and the transformation of Yangmei oblique streetis is respect the daily life of the modernization of the alley to carry out the transformation. From the point of view of daily life, the preservation of the original tenants is the best continuation of the construction life. In the case of the architect, through the integration of existing buildings, the construction of buildings in the narrow courtyard of the alley, the introduction of the urban streamline into the courtyard, the purpose is to have more local residents use it. In the course of construction, the construction also involves the intervention of the residents' lives. Residents have objections to the structure of the window, the building has been modified, has reached a better combination of construction and daily life. Therefore, the modernization of the local architecture is a process of improving the quality of life and respecting the habits and customs. (Fig.6) Fig.6. Micro-Hutong in Beijing Consider about the function, the space after modernity should be a continuation of daily life. Integrating custom resources as the heritage transformation of museums and activities centers -- a case study of the Museum of Cereals, Oils and Fisheries in the south of Henan Province. The transformation of the grain and oil warehouse was completed, the oil production skills in the whole area were excavated, and the grain and oil museum was planned for the warehouse. At the same time in the planning, the activities provide a platform for local people is really to stimulate the vitality of the vernacular architecture, therefore, the grain production planning Museum and the museum show additional features: the village center and restaurant is more important part of the public areas become villagers play a collective activity, bonfire party space, to ensure the villagers' participation, to provide space for the customs of the local people, is for local architectural UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress 5

6 modernization the main purpose of (Fig.7, Fig.8). Fig.7. People use local oil mill Fig.8. People make full use of open space for opera 5. Conclusion Since ancient times, China has design the city in accordance with local conditions and the principles of "heaven, law and earth", and has always made a corresponding response to the diversity of the external environment to seek the most balanced realm. After the frenzied development of large-scale development gradually receded, China's architecture should return to the balance and daily life is a kind of bridge respect the coordination of local and modern. It is a design strategy closer to the nature of life. References 1) Akkerman, A. (2000),Harmonies of urban design and cords of city-form:urban aesthetics in the rise of western civilization. Journal of Urban Design. 5(3), pp ) Chen, X. And He, Z. (2014). The zero space of urban design and regression of the perspective of daily life. Huazhong Architecture,32 (6), pp ) He, W. (2016) Vague architecture design in rural area. (4). pp ) Liu, J. (2017) West village yard,chengdu,china,2015. Architectural Journal, 3 (4),pp ) Mu, J. et al. (2013) Best way is to improve local construction study on Ma' anqiao Village s reconstruction a earthquake in Liangshan of Sichuan. Architectural Journal, (12), pp ) Rossi, A. and Eisenman, P. (1982).The Architecture of the City.1st ed. Cambridge,Mass:The MIT Press. 7) Rudilin, D. and Falk, N. (1999) Building the 21stCentury Home the sustainable urban neighborhood. 1st ed. London: The Architectural Press. 8) Shan, J. (2010) regionality of architecture and cities. 1st ed. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press. 9) Wu, E. and Mu, J. (2007) Practical study of ecological architecture based on traditional construction technology.time Architecture, 4 (1), pp ) Zhang, J. and Lv, J. (2003) From mera-urban project design towards daily living space.city Planning Review,27(9),pp ) Zhang, K. (2014) Micro-Hutong. Time Architecture. 4(4), pp UIA 2017 Seoul World Architects Congress