New-type Urbanization, Eco-civilization in China & Potential Impacts on Biodiversity

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1 The 8 th Sino-German Workshop on Biodiversity Conservation New-type Urbanization, Eco-civilization in China & Potential Impacts on Biodiversity HU Lile 胡理乐 hulile@craes.org.cn Biodiversity Research Center, CRAES, BfN Berlin

2 Contents Relationship among Urbanization, Ecocivilization, and Biodiversity New-type Urbanization in China China s Eco-civilization Potential Impacts on Biodiversity 2

3 Relationship among Urbanization, Ecocivilization, and Biodiversity 2012, the report of the 18th Party Congress pointed out Eco-civilization should be integrated into the development model of Five-in-One. Eco-civilization is emphasized and shall be integrated into the construction of economy, politics, culture and society in China , National New-type urbanization plan released. Biodiversity conservation is an urgent action in the world. All of them are very hot topics in China 3

4 Relationship among Urbanization, Eco-civilization, and Biodiversity Better Life Urbanization Economy Social services Traffic Convenient lifestyle Services MS Balance ES Biodiversity Goods Eco-civilization Rationality of human being live harmoniously with nature Ecosystem Species Genetic What relationship do they have 4

5 New-type Urbanization in China About urbanization The past of urbanization in China Objectives of New-type Urbanization What is new in the New-type Urbanization? I will tell you 4 aspects 5

6 Urbanization develop very fast Urbanization, normaly expressed as the proportion of people living in urban places. Developed countries: around 80% in most European countries. Developing countries: will develop fast in the future. Montgomery. The Urban Transformation of the Developing World. Science (2008)319, 761 6

7 Why focus on urbanization? Wealth Convenient life (shopping, traffic, hospital, ). David E. Bloom et al. Urbanization and the Wealth of Nations. Science 319, (2008). 7

8 Urbanization process and impact Urbanization process: economic development, immigrant, land change, energy utilization, social services, Impact: Social problem (crime), environment pollution, biodiversity loss. My idea: Urbanization should aim at better life, should be judged by economy, society, and environment. 8

9 The past of urbanization in China Fast Development: Between 1978 and 2012, the fraction of the nation s population dwelling in cities increased from 17.9% to 52.6%. Bai et al. Realizing China s urban dream. Nature. (2014)

10 The past of urbanization in China Many problems: Basic urban infrastructure and service lag behind industrialization, such as traffic, sanitation; social problems (Urban crimes, separate of migrating peasant workers from family); environment pollution; biodiversity loss. 10

11 Objectives of New type urbanization In march of 2014, National New-type Urbanization Plan ( ) released. It covers almost every conceivable aspect of urbanization, from rural urban migration and integration to the spatial distribution of and linkages between cities; sustainable development; institutional arrangements; and implementation. Aims: one of the five aims is China s urban population fraction to rise by 1% a year to reach 60% by

12 What is new in the New-type Urbanization? People (basic service, living in urban, education) Environment (land use, green city) 12

13 What is eco-civilization in China? People live harmoniously with nature. Economy and society develop sustainably Natural resources saving Environmental Protection Territorial resources optimizing Eco-civilization system 13

14 Policies of Eco-civilization System System of natural resources assets The system of paid use & Ecological compensation system Delineation of eco-red line EC focus on theory and policies. 14

15 Natural resources assets management system Registration of natural resources Establishment of property right system Clear vesting, rights and responsibilities; Effective supervision Delineation of control limits Establishment of economical use of system Supervision regime 15

16 System of natural resources use Paid use (Payment for Ecosystem Services) Ecological compensation 16

17 Delineation of eco-red line and management system National Park System System of main function regions Protection of land and space systems Monitoring and early-warning mechanisms of resources carrying capacity Take restrictive measures in the overloading regions Cancel the GDP assessment in ecological vulnerable regions Exploring natural resources balance sheets Establishing liability for environmental damage to life investigating system 17

18 Potential Impacts on Biodiversity Air pollution Marine pollution Water pollution Land desertification Biodiversity decline Decrease of forests 18

19 Potential Impacts on Biodiversity Economic development Land use Habit loss & broken Urbanization Social services Natural resources Overexploitation Climate change Biodiversity Building-up Environment pollution Traffic New-type Urbanization Energy consume Eco-civilization Alien species invasion New industries & technologies, recycle utilize resources, renewable energy, limit human needs, public traffic, 19

20 According to nature-considering Urbanization needs, we can build good and useful Eco-civilization policies. Integrating Eco-civilization policies into Urbanization process, we can improve Biodiversity conservation. That should be New-type Urbanization in China. 20

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