Viticulture,Landscape and functional Biodiversity Agronomy, Ecology, Sociology and Economy
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1 Viticulture,Landscape and functional Biodiversity Agronomy, Ecology, Sociology and Economy FARRE Visit 2012 Maarten van Helden Bordeaux Sciences Agro 1
2 LIFE+ Program 2
3 BIODIVINE Demonstration of the feasibility to combine viticulture and biodiversity Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin (IFV) VITINNOV (ISVV / BxScAgro transfer unit) French, Portuguese and Spanish partners 7 sites Douro (P), Rioja, Penedes (E) Costières de Nîmes, Limoux, Saint Emilionnais, Bourgogne (F) 3
4 BIODIVINE To obtain stakeholder involvement in viticulture landscape management encouraging biodiversity and ecosystem services 4
5 Convince Farmers? Biodiversity? What is it good for.? Conservation biological control? No clear indication of sufficient efficiency % of ecological infrastructures? IOBC 5 % rule largely attained. Grenelle de l environnement: Ecological intensification High Nature Farming / High Environmental Value.. Greening of the CAP? Cost-Benefit analysis? 1 spray = 60 euro / ha.. Not realistic.. Need for other reasons. 5
6 Exemple: Saint Emilion ha of land Unesco World Heritage Cultural Landscape 6
7 VINES ONLY? Fallow (4%) Urban area (8%) Vines (60%) Gardens and Parks (8%) Forest (8%) Meadows (8%) Other crops (2%) Water bodies (3%) 7 7
8 Place for Actions? No room left?? Farmland is very expensive (10 6 euro/ha) Actions should focus on available space (not on vine plots) Available space obtained through GIS 8000 ha of vines (60%) : Fallow land: 450 ha (4%, ephemeral habitat) Interstitial space (roads, field borders) : 1400 ha (>10 %) Parks and Gardens : 820 ha (8%) 8
9 BURGUNDY? 9
10 COLLINE DE CORTON 10
11 Ecological Management Accelerate Nature does it Conservation Rejuvenate 11
12 What Actions? Hedgerows: Why? Slope maintenance Water infiltration and protection Avoid erosion and runoff Pesticide drift and degradation Biodiversity (Improve Connectivity and resources for beneficials) How and What: Local plant varieties Shrub type plants (no trees) Isolated trees. 12
13 What Actions? Ground cover: Why? Avoid erosion and runoff (Bg) Manage plant vigor Biodiversity plants and (beneficial?) insects How to install : 1. Sow normal (grassy) mixtures (vigor) (Bx) - Let it naturalize - Add (local) seeds 2. Sow winter crops, mow in spring (Bg) How to manage : Reduce Mowing frequency (- costs) Alternate mowing (1 row/2) (- work) Alternate decompaction. 13 Fleabane (Conyza) invasion of plot
14 What Actions? Around the plots Reduce mowing area Reduce mowing frequency Maintain natural meadows Forest edge diversification 14
15 What Actions? Fallow plots: Why? Soil structure (decompaction) Organic matter Nitrogen fixation Avoid erosion and runoff Reduce weed invasion Soil born diseases (nematodes, armillaire root disease) Biodiversity (pollinators) How and What: Cereal / Legume mixtures Sow in autumn after uprooting Leave to flower (pollinators) 15
16 What Actions? Biodiversity on stone walls Mating disruption Biodiversity measurements RBA (Arthropods) Botany Birds Mammals 16
17 R.B.A. (Rapid Biodiversity Assessment) Identification based on morphospecies No classical taxonomy Intuitive distinction based on morphology Developed in Australia / Switzerland Method scientifically validated for Arthropods Taxonomic imprecision no mayor constraint Repeatability needs to be checked RBA Trapping site for arthropod biodiversity 17
18 RBA for arthropods In each sample the different morpho-species (recognizable taxonomic units) are classified and counted A reference collection is made to compare among sites / years and observers 18
19 Number RBA results Abundance Richness Distance to semi-natural habitat Abundance and MorphoSpecies Richness decrease with increasing distance to semi-natural habitat. 19
20 Project RESULTS Capacity building! Potentialités écologiques du Saint-Emilionnais Start with volunteers (20%) Motivate the 75% undecided after demonstration Then create more collective action Adapt to local opportunities What ecological goal? Habitat Diversification Connectivity Conservation Ecological potential mapping Saint Emilion Indicator : Number of people Conservation actions 20
21 Ecological potential mapping Corton
22 Erosion Risk mapping Corton
23 Project management Manage motivation of primary stakeholders!! Steering committee (1/month) Land owners : Farmers first! Majors of all municipalities Landscape and biodiversity expert Project leader ( motor ) Technical and scientific committee (2/year) Everyone that has ideas.nature conservation, hunters, bird protection, tourist office, majors, regional nature conservation centre, chamber of agriculture, politicians, wine board, landscape, architect, scientist, schools, consultants, extension services Join the club! 23
24 Motivation? Vital space of dominant species (Homo sapiens) Appreciate your own landscape Connect to nature attract the main beneficial: 24
25 Respect local situation Reinforce landscape structure Hedges on slopes Repair Horizon Low hedges along contour lines
26 Need for flag species Needed for communication! Not necessarily target. Anagrus atomus (technical) Woodlark : LBB Orchids Tulip Hoopoe 26
27 Biodiv: positive action Individual action appreciated Collective effort needed for result Importance of communication General / functional biodiversity? Against pests To attract clients.. Avoid Greenwash! Exotic plants do not produce biodiversity 27
28 Landscape and Biodiversity Still a long way to go
29 Merci! 29
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