Ecosystem services assessment in complex agricultural landscapes using farmers perception

Transcription

1 Ecosystem services assessment in complex agricultural landscapes using farmers perception DelphineBirman, Marc Moraine, Pablo Tittonell, Pierre Martin et Pascal Clouvel

2 Actual challenge of agricultures Conservation? Ecosystem services Production Trying to square the circle

3 A multidisciplinary question Ecology Landscape ecology Socio-ecology Economy Socio-economy Conservation Ecosystem services? Production Agronomy Forestry Livestock

4 Ecological intensification 3 aspects: Intensification Diversification Expansion Specialized low diversity model (Geertz, 1963) Spare expansion of agriculture into natural ecosystems and marginal land What Increase biodiversity How Conservation Agriculture Agroecology (field boundaries, livestock ) (Cassman, 1999, Matson et al, 1997; Altieri, 2002 ) Why Reduce negative externalities of conventional intensive agriculture

5 Ecological intensification Intensification Diversification Expansion Highly diversified model / land pressure Ruthenberg, 1976; Conelly and Chaiken, 2000) Saturation of available space for agriculture What Biodiversity monitoring How Management of ecosystem services Economic levers (Local species valorization, Quality/certification ) Why Improve local sustainability (soil fertility, well-being ) Why Control the expansion of agriculture at the expense of natural ecosystems

6 Research questions of the unit Determinants of landscape organization? Ecosystem Services required and provided? Complex mosaic of ecosystems and biota, how do they interact? Does a biodiverselandscape provide resilience and risk mitigation?

7 Research questions / PhD Determinants of landscape organization? Ecosystem Services required and provided? Complex mosaic of ecosystems and biota, how do they interact? Pest regulation: Sesamia calamistis(noctuidae) Sorghum, Maize & Sugar cane stem borer Does a biodiverselandscape provide resilience and risk mitigation?

8 Methodology Assumption Local actors shape the landscape (Baudry, 2000).. and observe it Hypothesis Variability in landscape heterogeneity variation in services provision (time & space) in actors relative perception Approach Use of local knowledge network to access to biophysical knowledge Inspired from Chambers (1994) + fauna observatory network (LPO etc.)

9 Study site The Nyanza province, Kenya High potential of production mm / year, 2 rainyseasons Altitude m 600 hab/km²

10 Variability of Landscapes Farming systems Sugar cane Sugar cane, diary and vegetable Fallow land Food crop Food crop and vegetable Food crop, vegetable and sugar cane Sugar cane ha / actif Ethnic: Indian, Luo, Luhya Land use Topography erosion, flooding Soil types Jean-Baptiste, S Agrarian diagnosis of a small agricultural region located in the east of Kisumu District, Kenya. Master thesis. Food crop Food crop and rice Sugar cane Food crop Food crop and sugar cane (contract) Rice et sugar cane Food crop and vegetable Sugar cane, Food crop and vegetable

11 Intra unit variability Spot 11 contiguous farms 15 Number of parcels vs. farm area 300 Cumulated hedge length vs. farm area # 10 m ,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 Farm area (ha) Farm area (ha)

12 Hedges types Scattered Dense Impenetrable Tree or bush Tree rows Multi-stratum

13 Spatial organization Impenetrable hedge Scattered hedge Tree row Homestead Farm limit Moraine, M., Analysis of landscape organization: the case of the Kisumu district, Kenya. Master thesis.

14 Spatial organization Impenetrable hedge Scattered hedge Tree row Homestead Farm limit Dissemination of a practice Moraine, M., Analysis of landscape organization: the case of the Kisumu district, Kenya. Master thesis.

15 Spatial organization Impenetrable hedge Scattered hedge Tree row Homestead Farm limit Dissemination of a practice Uniform organization with respect to cattle path Moraine, M., Analysis of landscape organization: the case of the Kisumu district, Kenya. Master thesis.

16 Spatial organization Impenetrable hedge Scattered hedge Tree row Homestead Farm limit Dissemination of a practice Uniform organization with respect to cattle path Collective organization of a social unit: simplifying the family territory Moraine, M., Analysis of landscape organization: the case of the Kisumu district, Kenya. Master thesis.

17 Transmission rules The case of the Luopopulation Step 1 Legend Step 2 Homestead garden Field Euphorbia hedge Farm limit Final housing Son hut animal enclosure Step 3 Jean-Baptiste, S Master thesis.

18 Landscape round with farmer Symbolic delimitation Windbreak, fruit, Strategies diversion / fence Guava Euphorbia Hedge Napier sisal Hedge function loss fruit, firewood Disservice vs. neighbors impact land-use

19 conclusion Landscape organization at the farm level Hierarchy: Social > Economic > technical determinants Production food and fuelwood Regulation water flows (slope) and climate Services in regard to pest control and regulation From farm to landscape level mobilization of knowledge network Illustration: sharing vs. exploring different situations (wage employment) Experimental design: landscape variability vs. knowledge network Resilience? Landscape organization = result of adaptation Time to be considered in observation

20 Thank you for your attention