APPENDICES: GREENWAY REPORTS

Transcription

1 APPENDICES: GREENWAY REPORTS Appendix 1 Guidelines for Standard Design Elements Appendix 2 Best Management Practices Appendix 3 Guidelines for Integration of Art

2 APPENDIX 1 GUIDELINES FOR STANDARD DESIGN ELEMENTS This document is one of three Bronx River Greenway guideline reports prepared for the Bronx River Alliance (BRA) and the City of New York Parks & Recreation Department (NYCDPR) in July The planning concepts in each of the three reports (Design Elements, Best Management Practices, and Guidelines for Integration of Art) advocate that the design and analysis processes be based on a corridor-wide approach, celebrating the Bronx River and its natural systems.

3 Overview The goal of this report is to develop a palette of standard design elements that will help establish a distinct identify for the Bronx River Greenway ( Greenway ). The Greenway is located within multiple jurisdictions within NYC parklands, on New York State lands administered by the NYS Department of Transportation, within the NY Botanical Garden and the Bronx Zoo (Wildlife Conservation Society), and on City streets and rights-of-ways. The challenges of developing a consistent palette of standard design elements along the length of the Greenway include: The existence of proposed or approved plans for parks along the river that already include a palette of design elements; The route of the Greenway which travels through multiple parks and segment links that may or may not have consistent elements. Safety and practice issues defined in the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), which include specific design guidelines. We received valuable assistance from the staff of NYCDPR and the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) in the identification of the design elements that are currently proposed at City and State parks. Projects that are underway or proposed along the Greenway are summarized in Table 1 (attached).

4 Design Approach Ten key elements were identified and prioritized. They are: Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3 Signage and site-appropriate native plantings Pavement, bike racks, lighting, and trash receptacles Railings, bollards, benches and bird shelters The priority system is used to define those elements, for which: 1.Consistency is essential for the length of the greenway, extending through parks. 2.Consistency is essential for the length of the greenway, extending through parks where possible. 3.Consistency is recommended of the greenway, extending through parks where possible. The design elements selected are from the NYCDPR or NYCDOT standards, unless otherwise directed by NYCDPR staff. In two instances, a second tier choice may be warranted. For railings, a more transparent adaptation of sea rail may best reflect the environment and scale of the pathway location. For lighting and benches, there may be instances where the Riverside fixture and 1939 World s Fair bench are in use and a brief interruption of this palette with the proposed Candela Park fixture and 1964 World s Fair bench would be inappropriate. In this case the Tier 2 pairing (Riverside/1939 WFB) should replace the Tier 1 pairing (Candela Park/1964 WFB). In each case the lighting and bench pairing is key.

5 Priority 1 Signage Type1: Type 2: Type 3: Type 4: Type 5: Material: Finish: Size: Construction: Design Intent: Related text: NYCDPR Greenway Signage NYCDPR Mile markers MUTCD standard for on street bikeway Gateway signage, BRA prototype Interpretive signage, BRA prototype compatible (material, color) Galvanized Steel posts, Stainless steel posts Paint Standard Dark Green, PMS 3282 CV As per standards Concrete pier footings (not concrete slab) Provides a consistent visual reference through various parks along the Bronx River. Hardscape goals and management practices

6 Site appropriate native planting Type: Material: Construction: Design Intent: Related text: Plant list developed by Bronx River Alliance Site appropriate As per DPR standards Provides a visual reference and educational tool for the user about Bronx River s ecosystem. Increases ecological connectivity and habitat diversity Landscape goals and management practices Storm water goals and management practices Sustainable goals and maintenance practices

7 Priority 2 Pavement Type: Material: Finish: Construction: Class I Exclusive 2 way bikeway, 8-0 wide Class II Class III Class IV Shared (with pedestrians), protected bikeway, 8-0 wide, 1-0 rumble strips on either side Unprotected bike lane with pavement symbols, 6-0 min. Unprotected, shared (with parking) bike lane with pavement symbols, 12-0 min. For all pavement markings, consider use of High Build Acrylic Coating to reduce volatile organic compounds (VOC s). Asphalt, 7, 7F with light colored aggregate For all bikeway pavement section within parks, refer to NYC DPR standards and specifications. For all bikeway pavement section on streets, refer to NYC DOT/ NYS DOT standards and specifications.

8 Design Intent: Related text: Refer to AASHTO standards for design and dimensions of various classes of bikeway. Refer to MUTCD standards for all bike lane pavement symbols on unprotected street conditions like- minor intersections, signalized intersections, T intersections and turning lanes. To minimize pavement area by providing a material that requires little or no maintenance over its lifecycle. To increase pavement albedo through the use of light colored aggregate. Hardscape goals management practices Streetscape goals management practices Greenway Signage

9 Bike Racks Type: Material: Finish: Size: Construction: Design Intent: Related text: HS 2 by Creative Pipe Inc., Boa Series by Dobra Design, or equal Galvanized Steel Powder coat or approved equal HS2-2 bikes per rack 36"Wx32.5"H Boa 6, 8,10 as required- 32 H Concrete pier footings (not concrete slab) Provides a consistent look for the Greenway Streetscape goals and management practices

10 Lighting Type: Material: Finish: Size: Construction: Design Intent: Related text: NYCDOT Candela Park/ Pedestrian streetlight, CAND 101-TM by Lumec or equal Cast Ductile Iron Paint Standard Dark Green, PMS 3282 CV 12 poles without arms, 18 poles with arms Concrete pier footings (not concrete slab) Modern design unifies the various parks proposed along the greenway parks and provides a distinctive look for the Greenway. Streetscape goals and management practices

11 Tier 2 Lighting Type: Material: Finish: Size: Construction: Design Intent: Related text: NYCDOT TBTA streetlight Cast Ductile Iron Paint Standard Dark Green, PMS 3282 CV posts/ poles 29-0 poles for street lights Concrete pier footings (not concrete slab) Blends with the nature trails-greenway. Streetscape goals and management practices

12 Trash Receptacles Type: MI36 Waste Receptacle by United Receptacle, Inc. or equal Material: 30% Recycled Steel Finish: Paint Standard Dark Green, PMS 3282 CV Size: 36 gallon Design Intent: Provides a consistent look for the Greenway Related text: Streetscape goals and management practices

13 Priority 3 Railings Type: Material: Size: Construction: Design Intent: Related text: NYCDPR Sea Rail Stainless Steel As per DPR specifications Concrete pier footings (not concrete slab) Provides a consistent look for the Greenway Streetscape goals and management practices

14 Tier 2 Railing Type: Material: Size: Construction: Design Intent: Related text: Conceptual Sketch NYCDPR Sea Rail adapted to provide more transparency at river s edge Stainless Steel As per DPR specifications Concrete pier footings (not concrete slab) Blends with the nature trail- greenway Streetscape goals and management practices

15 Bollards Type: Material: Finish: Size: Construction: Design Intent: Related text: DG5 by Urban Accessories, NY Bollards by Canterbury International, or equal Steel Paint Standard Dark Green, PMS 3282 CV 36 high Concrete pier footings (not concrete slab) Provides a consistent look for the Greenway Streetscape goals and management practices

16 Benches Type: Material: Finish: Size: Construction: Design Intent: Related text: NYCDPR Type D Bench (1964 World Fair) Cast Ductile Iron Paint Standard Dark Green, PMS 3282 CV 6-0 long Concrete pier footings (not concrete slab) Modern design unifies the various bench types proposed in the greenway parks, while providing a distinctive look for the Greenway segments outside of parks. Streetscape goals and management practices

17 Tier 2 Bench Type: Material: Finish: Size: Construction: Design Intent: Related text: NYCDPR Type A Bench (1939 World Fair) Cast Ductile Iron Paint Standard Dark Green, PMS 3282 CV 6-0 long Concrete pier footings (not concrete slab) Blends with the nature trails- greenway Streetscape goals and management practices

18 Bird Shelters Type: Material: Finish: Size: Construction: Design Intent: Related text: Individual bird specific Galvanized steel post As appropriate As required Concrete pier footings (not concrete slab) Requirements of birds specific to the Bronx River system; obtain from Ecology Team. Or from native bird societies for example- Bluebird nest boxes per North American Bluebird Society. The design of a project should incorporate bird shelters as a design element. Landscape goals and management practices

19 APPENDIX 2 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES This document is one of three Bronx River Greenway guideline reports prepared for the Bronx River Alliance (BRA) and the City of New York Parks & Recreation Department (NYCDPR) in July The planning concepts in each of the three reports (Design Elements, Best Management Practices, and Guidelines for Integration of Art) advocate that the design and analysis processes be based on a corridor-wide approach, celebrating the Bronx River and its natural systems.

20 Overview The Bronx River Greenway ( Greenway ) is located within multiple jurisdictions within NYC parklands, on New York State lands administered by the NYS Department of Transportation, within the NY Botanical Garden and the Bronx Zoo (Wildlife Conservation Society), and on City streets and rights-of-ways. The development of Best Management Practices (BMP s) will help ensure that the environmental vision for the Greenway is supported, regardless of project location or scope. This report defines Best Management Practices for the Bronx River Greenway as: Effective, feasible conservation management practices used to guide design and construction of new development or infrastructure improvements. The practices are identified to minimize adverse environmental impacts and to encourage ecologically based design within the Bronx River Corridor.

21 Organization of BMP s Five practice areas have been identified: 1. Landscape 2. Storm Water Management 3. Hardscape 4. Streetscape Elements 5. Sustainable Maintenance Practices. Goals have been identified for each of the five areas and detailed practices are specified on the following pages.

22 LANDSCAPE Goals Reduce site disturbance during construction Increase ecological connectivity and habitat diversity Increase public amenities and quality of life Eliminate or control invasive plant species Best Management Practices 1. Acknowledge soil as a living system; perform soil analysis and assessment 2. Development site protection plans to protect sensitive areas 3. Strengthen natural site patterns; establish and maintain riparian buffers 4. Enhance native habitats and genetic diversity 5. Maximize benefits from trees

23 1. Acknowledge soil as a living system; perform soil analysis and assessment Monitor and learn from local soil conditions. Retain native soils that are relatively undisturbed. Use structural soils to increase longevity of trees and adjacent pavements. Design soils at paved areas to provide load-bearing capacity for pavements as well as nutritional components. 2. Development site protection plans to protect sensitive areas Protect existing habitats by developing clear landscape protection plans and specifications. Identify requirements for hand excavation, root pruning and transplanting. Protect native soils and future planting areas from compaction and contamination during construction. 3. Strengthen natural site patterns; establish and maintain riparian buffers characterized by native vegetation Preserve and restore riparian corridors and wetlands by creating buffers. Include floodplain areas in the riparian buffer for maximum wildlife benefit. Align pathways and locate improvements with consideration of the river environment.

24 4. Enhance native habitats and genetic diversity Design landscapes based on principles of ecological succession, selecting appropriate, low maintenance native plants. Remove invasive plants to avoid habitat degradation, particularly at edge conditions. Design to encourage diversity of vegetation and to reinforce edge conditions. 5. Maximize benefits from trees. Plant trees to maximize pavement shading and reduce heat island effect. Plant trees in connected soil zones. Plant smaller caliper trees and whips for greater success rates.

25 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT Goals Address water management strategies early in the site planning process. Increase the biological diversity and productivity of the Bronx River Corridor. Reduce and slow surface runoff to improve infiltration, control bank erosion, and improve water quality. Best Management Practices 1. Respect natural drainage patterns and use stormwater as an asset and not as a disposable waste. 2. Design sites to maintain or restore beneficial drainage patterns. 3. Use infiltration and filtration practices. 4. Use detention and retention practices.

26 1. Respect natural drainage patterns and use stormwater as an asset and not as a disposable waste. Develop methods for storm water management based on the site s location within the watershed and floodplain systems. Provide erosion control or prevention measures at the source to reduce downstream impacts. Provide temporary erosion control measures on partially completed projects or if soil is to remain exposed for more than 30 days. Design for water conservation by grouping plants with similar water requirements; consider rainwater harvesting systems and water conserving irrigation systems. 2. Design sites to maintain or restore beneficial drainage patterns Minimize paved areas. Maximize porous and permeable surfaces. 3. Use infiltration and filtration practices Use infiltration trenches to slow runoff and allow infiltration to occur. Use bio-retention areas (shallow, landscaped depressions) to provide on-site treatment of stormwater runoff. 4. Use detention and retention practices Use shallow wetlands to treat stormwater runoff, incorporating permanent pools and/or extended detention storage where feasible.

27 HARDSCAPE Goals Increase smart access to the river by avoiding or minimizing encroachment on sensitive natural areas such as edges (eco-tones), buffer zones, and habitat connections Replace informal circulation networks with safe, well-designed bike and pedestrian connections between parks and along the river, allowing adjacent habitats to regenerate Best Management Practices 1. Create hierarchy of pathways from river to upland areas based on ecosystem and program needs 2. Minimize paved areas to reduce runoff and mitigate urban heat island effect 3. Select pathway alignments and pavement materials with an understanding of both user safety and construction impacts

28 1. Create hierarchy of pathways from river to upland areas based on ecosystem and program needs Pathways near river to be made of porous materials or to provide runoff detention system Encourage compact development and increased path connectivity to reduce number of access routes Provide well-designed access points and wayfinding system to keep people on the greenway trails 2. Minimize paved areas to reduce runoff and mitigate urban heat island effect Use minimum pavement widths near the river, where feasible 3. Select pathway alignments and pavement materials with an understanding of both user safety and construction impacts Use previously disturbed areas and existing base courses wherever possible to minimize site disturbance Consider pedestrian and bicycle safety, as well as hydraulic efficiency, when locating stormwater inlets

29 STREETSCAPE ELEMENTS Goals Maximize energy performance and longevity of products Improve safety and connections between parks along the river Best Management Practices 1. Select lighting standards for long term environmental benefit and safety 2. Select materials to reduce heat island effect 3. Design roadways and parking lots to facilitate on-site stormwater management

30 1. Select lighting standards for long term environmental benefit and safety Use lamps with high luminaire efficiency Use long lasting luminaries in sensitive areas to reduce site disturbance and vehicular traffic Improve reliability by using photovoltaic street lighting Reduce light pollution (refer IESNA Recommended Practice Manual) 2. Select materials to reduce heat island effect Provide shade on at least 30% of non-roof impervious surfaces within five years of new construction Use light-colored/high albedo materials for non-roof impervious surfaces where feasible 3. Design roadways and parking lots to facilitate on-site stormwater management Use low-lying intersections or medians for bio-retention Develop roadway shoulder treatments that provide infiltration Reduce or eliminate use of pesticides and salt in roadway maintenance

31 SUSTAINABLE MAINTENANCE PRACTICES Goals Develop sites to create environmentally, socially and economically sustainable landscapes Plan for maintenance as an integral part of the Greenway development process to ensure safety and design integrity over time Best Management Practices 1. Use bio-intensive integrated pest Management (B-IPM) 2. Understand the life cycles of materials prior to selection 3. Implement recycling and composting programs 4. Schedule maintenance program to respond to site-specific requirements

32 1. Use bio-intensive integrated pest Management (B-IPM) Minimize use of synthetic chemicals Specify pest resistant cultivars Specify a diversity of appropriate plant species Establish thresholds of acceptable appearance levels in landscape areas Monitor plantings monthly for health and control of invasive species 2. Understand the life cycles of materials prior to selection Recognize lifespan and regeneration of proposed materials and balance with associated costs Consider intensity of use and site constraints (flooding) 3. Implement recycling and composting programs Increase use of recycled materials in pavement sections Create on-site composting and mulch piles or obtain from local municipal facilities 4. Schedule maintenance program to respond to site-specific requirements Operate equipment in sensitive landscape areas when soils are dry enough to support equipment Use low ground pressure equipment, such as wide tire or tracked equipment, to minimize impact Conduct activities in wetlands on firm or frozen ground that can support equipment to avoid rutting

33 APPENDIX 3 GUIDELINES FOR INTEGRATION OF ART This document is one of three Bronx River Greenway guideline reports prepared for the Bronx River Alliance (BRA) and the City of New York Parks & Recreation Department (NYCDPR) in July The planning concepts in each of the three reports (Design Elements, Best Management Practices, and Guidelines for Integration of Art) advocate that the design and analysis processes be based on a corridor-wide approach, celebrating the Bronx River and its natural systems.

34 Overview The Bronx River Greenway ( Greenway ) is located within multiple jurisdictions within NYC parklands, on New York State lands administered by the NYS Department of Transportation, within the NY Botanical Garden and the Bronx Zoo (Wildlife Conservation Society), and on City streets and rights-of-ways. The ability to integrate public or private art into the Greenway will depend on site ownership and determination of responsibility for artwork. Responsibilities include, but are not limited to: selection, installation and maintenance. For the purpose of this report, we are defining works of art as all forms of visual art that are accessible to the public. We have not included the performing arts. This report recommends a guidelines framework based on: 1. Development of organizing principles to define the artwork s relationship to the river. 2. Recognition of opportunities along the greenway and river. 3. Establishment of criteria based on a Public Art Master Plan (recommended) or based on the specific programs that are in place such as the NYC Percentage for Art Program.

35 Guidelines Framework Organizing Principles 1. Works of art located along the Greenway shall engage the imagination of visitors and shall accomplish one or more of the followin Celebrate the Bronx River Speak to the history of the Bronx River Build upon past or present cultures or communities (plant, animal and human) located along the Bronx River. 2.Recognition of Opportunities Opportunities for placement of art along the Greenway shall include those that: Offer appropriate scale of space and site function Allow visibility from public way Consider proximity to other works of art Allow installation and maintenance of artwork with minimal damage to the environment 3. Criteria for Integration of Art A corridor-wide approach is recommended for the selection and placement of art along the Greenway. The vehicle for developing criteria may be an existing program, such as the Percentage for Art Program (permanent art) or the Temporary Outdoor Art Program, or a new approach, such as a public arts master plan for the Bronx River Corridor. A public arts master plan is recommended. Each of the three approaches is described below. The New York City Art Commission reviews all permanent art to be placed on City lands.

36 Percentage for Art Program Capital projects on City parkland present current opportunities for public art funding through the New York City Percentage for Art Program, currently administered by the Department of Cultural Affairs. The program offers City agencies, such as NYCDPR, the opportunity to acquire or commission works of art using 1% of the capital budget for eligible projects. Artwork must be accessible to the public; all forms of visual art may be considered. The guidelines for selecting artists and art under this program can be found on the DCLA website or by contacting the Department at the address below: New York City Department of Cultural Affairs 330 West 42nd Street New York, New York To place funding opportunities in perspective, the funds currently allocated for the Bronx River Forest and the West Farms project are $4.4 million ($2.3 million and $2.1 million respectively). As individual projects, these would offer 1% art funding of $23,000 and $21,000. In many instances, this individual allocation would not support the cost of work necessary for a permanent art installation.

37 NYCDPR Temporary Public Outdoor Art Guidelines The Commissioner of Parks Recreation (or his representative) reviews proposals for temporary art and a license agreement between the artist and / or sponsoring organization is required. The artist and/or sponsoring organization is responsible for funding, installation, insurance, maintenance, timely removal of the artwork, and restoration of the site. Community Board approval may also be required. Temporary art is placed around this City on a regular basis. A recent example is Beyond Metamorphosis by Victor Mathews, a grid of nearly 3,000 umbrellas each hand painted with a rendering of a Monarch butterfly, which spanned a three-acre lawn in Battery Park. Submission requirements and guidelines may be found on: or by contacting: Public Art Coordinator City of New York, Parks & Recreation The Arsenal, Central Park, Rm. 23 New York, NY phone: (212)

38 Public Art Master Plan for the Greenway Corridor The parks located along the river are considered part of the Bronx River Flagship Park, a jewel in the City s park system. The significance of this designation speaks to the importance of undertaking a public art master plan that will look at the entire park system. Such a plan will offer the most cohesive planning approach and can still be linked to existing programs, as required. The master plan should be community-responsive and be developed within the environmental framework of the Best Management Practices (BMP s) established by the BRA. The development of a master plan may also allow the creation of a combined Greenway Percentage for Art fund. This would allow the aggregation of the 1% funding for all corridor projects into a single fund that may more fully address the unique qualities of the corridor. A public arts master plan for the Greenway should include, at a minimum: Organizing principles Identification of sites for art Types of art most suitable for the park and riverine environs It should also reference or address: Artist selection criteria Strategies for overseeing installation and maintenance of art. Funding parameters. The BRA, serving as a coordinated voice for the river, is uniquely positioned to lead the development of a public arts master plan for the corridor since the development of a plan will require funding, administration and annual review. BRA s role may include issuing a Request for Proposals to arts advocacy groups, liaison with the Alliance partners and local community organizations, and review of the final public arts master plan with involved agencies.