Army Stormwater. Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management. Bill Sproul, Construction Division, OACSIM ARMY STRONG 1

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1 Army Stormwater Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management Bill Sproul, Construction Division, OACSIM 1

2 Army Staff & Secretariat HQDA ASA Installations Energy & Environment DASA E&S DASA IH&P DASA ESOH DASA SI Dir ANG Source: of How the Army Runs 2

3 Low Impact Development Drivers Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA), Title 42, USC, Chapter 52, Section 17094, Section 438, December OSD Policy Memo, DoD Implementation of Storm Water Requirements under Section 438 of the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA), 19 Jan Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations, Energy and Environment), ASA(IE&E), Memo, 17 Jan 2017, Subject: Sustainable Design and Development Policy Update. Guidance: Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management, Memo, 27 Oct 2017, Subject: 2017 Implementing Guidance, Army Stormwater Management Using Low Impact Development See 3

4 Policy / Right Thing to Do Annual Loadings to the Chesapeake Bay: 291 million pounds of nitrogen (59% emissions, runoff) 13.8 million pounds of phosphorus (30% runoff, non AG) 6.6 billion pounds of sediment *Source: Chesapeake Bay Program, 2008 data Photograph by Jane Thomas, IAN Image library Photograph from Low Impact Development Center Satellite image by NASA 4

5 What is Low Impact Development Low Impact Development (LID) incorporates proven storm water management principles and technologies into project planning and design in order to manage storm water as close to where the precipitation lands as possible. LID Best Management Practices (BMPs) are used to maintain or restore the pre-development hydrology of the site, reduce runoff volume and peak runoff rates, and reduce the potential transport of pollutants to receiving waters. LID BMPs Bioretention Swales Permeable pavement (asphalt, concrete, pavers, or blocks) Rainwater harvesting Green roofs Infiltration practice 5

6 Army LID Implementing Guidance We must look at more multi-use and compact, multi-story solutions that reduce the development footprint, incorporating designs that minimize impervious surfaces. When properly implemented, LID BMPs will maintain and/or restore pre-development hydrology and remove pollutants such as nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), oil and grease, and sediments from stormwater with minimal land requirement, when compared to traditional stormwater practices. Implementation of LID BMPs will reduce the number and size of conventional stormwater construction practices of the past (i.e., curb and gutter with storm drain inlets, retention and detention basins). 6

7 Army LID Implementing Guidance Applicability (based upon ASA(IE&E) Policy) - This guidance applies to all construction and renovation projects on Army installations, sites, enclaves and activities, regardless of funding source including Government Owned Contractor Operated (GOCO) installations, and all Army National Guard projects that receive federal funds, with a limit of disturbance of 5,000 SF or more in area. - It is encouraged for all other projects to meet the intent of this guidance when not in conflict with State and local laws and procedures. Exceptions to policy and this guidance include privatization initiatives and medical facilities constructed using DoD Medical (DoDM) funding. At Joint Installations, the owning Service guides all construction policy and guidance. 7

8 Implementation Army LID Implementing Guidance - The implementation process includes use of the Army LID Planning and Cost Tool. It is necessary that the "Tool" and "User Guide" be saved to your computer/shared drive (see the "Example" project loaded in the Tool as a reference). See Design Tools section of the Hydrology and LID webpage: - The installation/activity Master Planner is responsible for providing an approved project site. Site selection includes a review of the natural drainage patterns (micro-sheds) to take advantage of natural slope on the planned site and incorporates a strategy to minimize: tree removal, soil grubbing activities and disturbance to sensitive areas/habitats and protected cultural resources. 8

9 Army LID Implementing Guidance Implementation (Cont.) The use of LID BMPs in the management of stormwater warrants a broad holistic approach that addresses the development of watershed areas across our installations, sites, enclaves and activities. The installation/activity Master Planner, shall include LID considerations for stormwater management throughout the planning and programming process. All installation/activity construction projects should start with developing a runoff assessment in order to determine the stormwater requirements required to be met using LID. The assessment identifies any increase in runoff resulting from the project which forms the basis for a LID BMP Strategy and is developed through use of the Army LID Planning and Cost Tool. Use the planning and cost tool "User Guide" as a tutorial on how to enter installation/activity project criteria. 9

10 LID Planning and Cost Tool Report Implementation (Cont.) 10

11 Army LID Implementing Guidance Implementation (Cont.) The Master Planner develops the LID BMP strategy by selecting the "Type" and "Quantity" of each LID BMP considered for inclusion in the project. The Master Planner should consider the installation planning standards (IPS), area development plans and installation network plans where available to identify LID BMPs that complement installation master planning strategies. Multiple types of LID BMPs may be incorporated into a project site. The LID BMP Strategy may include a treatment train (LID BMPs in series) and in some instances may be required to meet enhanced stormwater management and water quality criteria. Long term operation and maintenance costs are to be incorporated in the decision process when determining which BMPs to include in a LID BMP Strategy. 11

12 Army LID Implementing Guidance Implementation (Cont.) The LID Planning and Cost Tool "Report" provides a planning level cost estimate (in today's dollars) and is not to be substituted as a detailed cost estimate developed during design and construction phases. There are two reports that cover the planning and execution of LID implementation. The first is the requirement to develop and attach the Army LID Planning and Cost Tool Report to Tab J of the DD1391 or keep a copy in the project DA 4283 project file which ever is applicable; and the second report is the option to input "Completed Construction Project Data" including LID BMP specific data in the LID module of the Army Energy and Water Reporting System (AEWRS) portal. The AEWRS report was developed to support the Army's annual report to OSD and to maintain a Source of Permanent Record for LID BMPs constructed. All reporting is the responsibility of the installation/activity Master Planner. 12

13 Limit of Disturbance (LOD) Limit of Disturbance Clearing & Excavating 13

14 LID BMP Categories Non Structural LID Practices Structural LID BMPs Bioretention Swales Permeable pavement (asphalt, concrete, pavers, or blocks) Rainwater harvesting Green roofs Infiltration practice 14

15 Non-Structural LID Practices Non-Structural LID practices are planning and site design strategies that minimize development impacts. Many nonstructural LID BMPs apply to an entire site and often to an entire community and can even be applied to the Installation Master Plan. Therefore, non-structural implementation is maximized prior to utilizing structural LID BMPs. The primary LID characteristics of non-structural BMPs is preventing stormwater runoff from the site. This differs from the goal of structural BMPs which is to help mitigate stormwater-related impacts after they have occurred. 15

16 Non Structural LID Practices Minimize Total Disturbed Area Preserve Natural Flow Pathways and Patterns Protect Riparian Buffer Areas Protect Sensitive Areas Cluster Development Minimize Soil Compaction Reduce Impervious Surfaces Site Fingerprinting Stormwater Disconnection 16

17 Non-Structural Practice Protection of Vegetation on a Construction Site 17

18 Non-Structural Practice Minimal Disturbance to Protect Adjacent Woodlands Must Meet ATFP Setback Requirements 18

19 Non-Structural Practice Protect Native Prairie Vegetation in Natural Flow Pathway (Source: SEMCOG, 2008) 19

20 Non-Structural Practice Riparian Buffer Area (Source: Iowa Pathways) 20

21 Non-Structural Practice Protection of Existing Native Woodlands and Wetlands, Kalamazoo, MI (Source: Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr & Huber, Inc.) 21

22 Bioretention 22

23 Bioretention 23

24 Bioretention 24

25 Bioretention Bioretention in a Parking Lot (Source: Larry Coffman, 2008) 25

26 Bioretention Bioretention (Source: USACE Savannah District) 26

27 Bioretention 27

28 Bioretention overflow 28

29 Disconnection and Bioretention Downspout Disconnection to a Vegetated Area (Source: Prince George s County, MD Department of Environmental Resources) 29

30 Heat Island 30

31 Heat Island 31

32 Vegetated Swale 32

33 Swale Grass Swale 33

34 Vegetated Drainage Swale 34

35 Wet Swale Wet Swale (Source: Hubbell, Roth & Clark, Inc.) 35

36 Filter Strip Vegetated Filter Strip Along Roadway (Source: SEMCOG, 2008) 36

37 Permeable Pavement 37

38 Permeable Pavement 38

39 Permeable Pavement Permeable Pavement Parking Lot with Bioretention (Source: Hawkins Partners, Inc., 2009) 39

40 Permeable Pavement Permeable Asphalt Pavement and Walkway Blocks 40

41 Permeable Pavement 41

42 Traditional Approach Curb Gutter Impervious surface Permeable Pavement LID Approach Curbs perforated Rain garden or grassy swale Permeable pavement 42

43 Traditional Approach Curb Gutter Drop inlets Impervious surface Permeable Pavement LID Approach Road outlined but unimpeded flow Rain garden or grassy swale Permeable pavement Narrow foot print 43

44 Permeable Pavement Permeable Pavers (Source: Leigh Ann Campbell) 44

45 Permeable Pavement Porous Asphalt Pathway at Grey Towers National Historic Site, Milford PA (Source: SEMCOG, 2008) 45

46 Permeable Pavement Pervious Asphalt Basketball Court (Source: Philadelphia Water Department) 46

47 Rainwater Harvesting 47

48 Rainwater Harvesting 48

49 Rainwater Harvesting Rain Barrels Storing Water from Roofline (Source: U.S. Army Fort Bragg) 49

50 Rainwater Harvesting 50

51 Rainwater Harvesting 51 51

52 Rainwater Harvesting 52 52

53 Rainwater Harvesting HQ Chesapeake Bay Foundation Annapolis, MD 53

54 Green Roof 54

55 Green Roof Green Roof at the Tobyhanna Army Depot 55

56 Green Roofs Traditional Approach Membrane and ballast Downspouts to Storm water LID Approach Membrane and vegetation Disconnect downspouts 56

57 Infiltration Infiltration Trench (Source: Tony Parker, Classic Landscapes, 2007) 57

58 Infiltration Installation of a Subsurface infiltration Bed (Source: Cardno JFNew) 58

59 Infiltration Surface Sand Filter (Source: City of Portland, OR) 59

60 Treatment Train (Level Spreader/Wet Land) Level Spreader at the Edge of a Wetland Area 60

61 Treatment Train (Sand Filter/Sand Filter) Two Chambered Sand Filter (Source: Wayne County, MI Department of Public Works) 61

62 Treatment Train (Swale/Infiltration) Vegetated Swale with Infiltration Trench 62

63 Cluster Development Aerial View of Cluster Development in Ann Arbor, MI (Source: Atwell LLC) 63

64 Treatment Train (Wetland/Lake/Infiltration) 64

65 Tree Filter Box 65

66 Reduced On-Street Parking Use of Reduced Parking Footprint in On Street Areas (Source: Institute of Transportation Engineers) 66

67 Functional Water Feature 67

68 Stream Day-Lighting Fort Meade, Maryland 68

69 Stream Daylighting 69

70 UAV Runway, ARL - APG 70

71 71

72 Master Planner and LID Incorporating LID into MILCON & SRM Projects Master Planner has Lead Complete Runoff Assessment (Use Army LID Planning and Cost Tool) Develop LID BMP Strategy Planning Charrette (Code 0, LID Planning & Cost Tools) Project Definition Report (Code 3, Validate Planned LID Scope) ENG 3086 (Code 2 or 3, Tab A Cost Estimate) Design Charrette (Code 6 or 7, Refine LID Scope) Integrate Low Impact Development IPS/IDG, AR210-20/420-1, UFCs 72

73 LID in the IPS/IDG Integrate LID principles into your Installation Planning Standard/Design Guide. LID BMPs are the building blocks for storm water management. BMPs can be integrated into buildings, infrastructure or the landscape design. Almost all components of the built environment have the potential to serve as a BMP, including open space, streetscapes, parking lots, sidewalks and medians. 73

74 Ultimate Goal Net ZERO Water The Army s Net Zero initiative has the goal of installations becoming Net Zero in terms of energy, water, and waste, with the ultimate goal of sustainable installations. ASA(IE&E) launched the Army s Net Zero Installations initiative for energy, water, and waste in In April 2011, the Net Zero initiative kicked off with six Net Zero energy pilot installations, six Net Zero water pilot installations, and six Net Zero waste pilot installations with two additional integrated Net Zero pilot installations. A Net Zero water installation limits the consumption of freshwater resources and returns water back to the same watershed to avoid depleting regional groundwater and surface water resources in quantity and quality over the course of a year. The Net Zero water strategy balances water availability and use to ensure a sustainable water supply for years to come. 74