SIMULATION OF THERMAL SYSTEMS

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1 SIMULATION OF THERMAL SYSTEMS A Modular Program with an Interactive Preprocessor (EMGP 3) by WILLIE L. DUTRE Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department ofmechanical Engineering, Heverlee, Belgium KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Table of Contents About Opsys Participants Program Opsys final reports and manuals Acknowledgments V VII xiv XIV XV XVI XVII Introduction 1 About the program EMGP3 1 About this manual 3 The EMGP3 Software package 4 Computer System requirements 6 Chapter I: EMGP3 USER GUIDE * 7 Scope and concept of EMGP3 7 Before installing EMGP3 10 Creating EMGP3 directories 10 Configuring the Computer System 12 Installing EMGP3 14 Installing EMGP3 to the hard disk 15 Uninstalling EMGP3 16 Uninstalling EMGP3 from the hard disk 16 Files used by EMGP3P and EMGP3 17 EMGP3P default parameter file 18 EMGP3 help files 19 Error message file 20 EMGP3 Output text file 21 EMGP3 System input data files 21 EMGP3 batch input files 22 EMGP3P work files 23 Test reference years 24 EMGP3 Output files 25 EMGP3P configuration file 2 6 EMGP3 configuration file 27 - VII -

3 Chapter I: EMGP3 USER GUIDE (continued) Key to secondary Dos environment 29 EMGP3 Components 30 System elements 31 Controllers and regulation devices 32 Excitation functions and Subsystems 33 List of available EMGP3 components 34 Running the preprocessor program EMGP3P 37 Running EMGP3P with a hard disk 37 Interactive procedure of EMGP3P 39 Access to EMGP3.HL1 39 Access to EMGP3.HL2 40 The EMGP3P entrance menu 40 The EMGP3P main menu 43 EMGP3P submenu's 4 6 Component parameter tables 4 6 Running the Simulation program EMGP3 49 Running EMGP3 with a hard disk 49 The interactive procedure of EMGP3 51 The EMGP3 entrance menu 51 Interactive input S questions asked 53 EMGP3 Output 59 Chapter II: INTEGRATION ALGORITHMS 61 Introduction 61 Concept of the Integration algorithms applied 63 Time Step selection 64 Variable input data averaging 65 Sequence of calculations 65 Single and double time Step precision criterion 67 Euler method 70 Second order Runge-Kutta method 71 Runge-Kutta-Merson method 73 Runge-Kutta-Gill method 75 - VIII -

4 Chapter II: INTEGRATION ALGORITHMS (continued) Comparison of Integration algorithms 77 Comparison for long term simulations 77 Influence of requested precision 80 Comparison for a Short period Simulation 85 Chapter III: METEOROLOGICAL DATA FILES AND DATA PROCESSING 88 The data required 88 Test reference years 89 Structure of the test reference year files 89 Available test reference years 93 File "TRYLIST.LST": List of Test Reference Years 94 Classification of variable input data 97 Variable data location numbers 98 Numbering of temperature input data 98 Numbering of the group 3 variable input data 99 Solar radiation data processing 100 Calculation of direct irradiance 101 Calculation of diffuse irradiance 103 Calculation of the absorbed irradiance 106 Chapter IV: EMGP3 COMPONENT MODELS 109 Introduction 109 EL-type 1 Fiat plate collector segment 110 EL-type 2 Pipe segment with thermal capacity 114 EL-type 3 Perfectly mixed liquid tank 117 EL-type 4 Stratified liquid tank layer 119 EL-type 5 Segment of a flat plate collector structure 129 EL-type 6 Segment of a rock bed storage System 132 EL-type 7 Segment of a phase change material storage 137 EL-types 8 and EL-type 10: Cell of a building or building point model 145 EL-types 11 to EL-type 21: Instrument 1: Integrating heat meter 156 IX

5 Chapter IV: EMGP3 COMPONENT MODELS (continued) EL-type 22: Instrument 2: Integrating heat loss raeter 159 EL-type 23: Instrument 3: Excitation function or Subsystem integrator 161 EL-type 24: Instrument 4: System element or variable input data integrator 163 EL-type 25: Instrument 5: Time integrator 165 EL-type 26: Instrument 6: Linear combination of System elements 166 EL-type 27: Instrument 7: Minimum or maximum indicator 167 EL-types 28 to EL-type 31: Heat exchanger with two fluid flows 169 EL-type 32: Submerged heat exchanger 173 EL-type 33: Piping without thermal capacity 175 EL-type 34: Mixing point or modulating mixing valve 179 EL-type 35: Outlet of a branching point or divertor 181 EL-types 36 S 37: Vapour compression heat pump 182 EL-types 38 & 39: Absorption cooler 185 EL-type 40: Flow rate modulation valve 192 EL-type 41: Once through heater 193 CR-type 1 : Differential on-off thermostat 194 CR-type 2 : On-off thermostat 195 CR-type 3 : On-off safety thermostat 196 CR-type 4 : Time Switch with daily cycle 197 CR-type 5 : Time Switch with weekly cycle 198 CR-type 6 : Time Switch with annual cycle 199 CR-type 7 : Thermostat with proportional ränge 200 CR-type 8 : Differential thermostat with proportional ränge 201 CR-type 9 : Two sensor on-off thermostat 202 CR-type 10: Three sensor on-off differential thermostat 203 CR-type 11: Solar irradiance actuated on-off Controller 204 CR-type 12: Triggered time Switch 205 CR-type 13: Periodic on-off sequence 206

6 Chapter IV: EMGP3 COMPONENT MODELS (continued) CR-type 14: Combined on-off Controllers 207 CR-type 15: Multilevel flow rate selector 208 SV-type 1 : Three-way switching valve with two inlets 210 SV-type 2 : Four-way switching valve 211 Day Profiles 212 Operational Modes 216 ES-type 1 Incident and absorbed solar irradiance 225 ES-type 2 Group 3 variable input quantity 228 ES-type 3 Space heating Subsystem with requested distribution temperature regulation 230 ES-type 4 : Space heating Subsystem with RDT-regulation in a limited ränge 237 ES-type 5 : Hot water usage Subsystem for a one tank hot water production System 243 ES-type 6 & 7: Hot water usage Subsystem for a two tanks hot water production System 24 8 ES-type 8 : Liquid tank immersion heater 259 ES-type 9 : Heat pump power consumption 261 ES-type 10: Circulation pumps power consumption 262 ES-type 11: Space heating Subsystem with emitter efficiency algorithm 263 ES-type 12: Variable input data for flow rate and fluid return temperature 269 ES-type 13: Space heating Subsystem with on-off thermostat regulation 273 ES-type 14: Heat losses from a free water surface 284 ES-type 15: Space heating and cooling demand Degree hour model 288 ES-type 16: Superposition of Subsystem thermal capacitance rates 291 ES-type 17: Imposed variable flow rate as a Group 3 variable input quantity XI

7 Chapter IV: EMGP3 COMPONENT MODELS (continued) ES-type 18: Space cooling Subsystem with cooling power emitter efficiency algorithm 294 ES-type 19: Space cooling Subsystem with thermostatic on-off control 300 ES-type 20: Space cooling Subsystem with absorption cooler and on-off control 307 ES-type 21: Open loop load Subsystem with a periodically repeated load profile 316 ES-type 22: Harmonie excitation funetion 321 Chapter V: EXAMPLES OF EMGP3 SIMULATIONS 322 Introduction 322 UGEX01: Solar water heater 324 UGEX02: Combined solar System for space heating and hot water produetion 339 UGEX03: Solar space heating System with phase change material storage 349 UGEX04: A heat pump assisted solar System for space heating 357 UGEX05: A solar air System for space heating and hot water produetion 367 UGEX06: A solar water heater of an appartment building 383 UGEX07: Solar space heating System with floor heating 395 UGEX08: Outdoor swimming pools 407 UGEX09: A solar System for space cooling 414 UGEX10: A solar System for space heating and cooling 426 UGEX11: Simulation of a dwelling with sun space 436 UGEX12: Solar System with proces heat produetion 446 cycle UGEX13: Shell-and-tube heat exchanger 460 XII

8 Annex A: EMGP3 INPUT FILES: Pzeparation, Llmitations, and Data Sequence 464 Preparing an EMGP3 Simulation 464 Limits imposed to EMGP3 configurations 467 EMGP3 input file data sequence 469 Annex B: TABLES OF INPUT PARAMETERS 477 Types of parameter tables 477 Use of the parameter tables 478 Tables EL-1 to EL-41: System element parameters 479 Tables CR-1 to CR-15: Controller parameters 519 Tables SV-1 and SV-2: Switching valve parameters 534 Tables HP-1 and HP-2: Heat pump parameters 536 Tables ES-1 to ES-22: Excitation function and 538 Subsystem parameters Annex C: LIST OF ERROR MESSAGES DDDDDDDDDnnDnnnnnnDDDDDDDDnDDDDGnDDDnnnnDnnnDnaDnnnnnnnnDGDDDDDDDDDDDDDD - XIII -

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