POWER Selecting Shell Side Design Temperature for Feedwater Heaters
|
|
- Colin Page
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Proceedings of the ASME 2014 Power Conference POWER2014 July 28-31, 2014, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Selecting Shell Side Design Temperature for Feedwater Heaters POWER Kellen J. Muldoon American Exchanger Services, Inc. Hartford, Wisconsin, USA Abstract: Operating temperature information was gathered using thermocouples installed on the outside of an existing high pressure feedwater heater (FWH). The operating data was collected to demonstrate the basis for the evaluation of the operational effectiveness of the heater especially during rapid load changes. This information provides insight into the selection of shell side design temperatures of the skirt and shell sections of a feedwater heater. This direct measurement of the temperature was useful in evaluating the appropriateness of both skirt and shell design temperatures selected by standard HEI practice. Also, consideration will be given to upgraded turbines and their impact on the design temperatures and pressures of existing FWH(s) Introduction: Feedwater heater design incorporates many design parameters which are provided by standards and codes. The standards are, as their name implies, a set of guidelines to provide the heat exchanger industry a common set of guidelines which must be followed to allow safe, long term operation. In many states, the ASME standards are legislated requirements for obtaining an operating license for power boilers and appurtenances. While these standards exist, it is the responsibility of the design engineer to verify that the parameters used are verified and re-checked. HEI and TEMA have published standards governing the feedwater heater design temperature. It is the focus of this paper to examine this standard within the context of a larger thermal evaluation of the top extraction feedwater heater in a supercritical power plant. Common practice selects a design shell side temperature for the skirt section of a three zone FWH by the HEI Standards for Feedwater Heaters suggested method of utilizing the Mollier diagram. The Mollier diagram is a graphic approach to depict the relationships between the surrounding air temperature, pressure, enthalpy, entropy, and quality. HEI Standards for Closed Feedwater Heaters Seventh Edition section 3.3 for Design Temperatures states that shell side skirt design temperature is to be found by entering the Mollier diagram at normal operating steam temperature and pressure and follow the isentropic line to the maximum operating pressure. These pressures are provided to the heat exchanger designer by the purchaser. The normal operating and maximum steam pressures are obtained by collaboration between the turbine manufacturer and the architect engineer derived from various heat balance iterations to obtain the optimum cost and capitol cost for the end purchaser. Once this optimal situation is agreed upon, the turbine manufacturer provides the referenced pressures. The temperature at that pressure rounded to the nearest 10 degrees F is the design temperature. This method is completely dependent upon the maximum allowable pressure, which is provided by the customer. For verification, these numbers, various data samples were gathered near the shell side extraction steam inlet on an existing FWH to offer some indication on actual operation temperatures at the skirt, which is compared to the HEI standard method. These temperature data samples are skewed due to the use of a steam box DHZ shroud inside the skirt where the temperatures were measured with type K thermocouples. To double check the data which could be gathered by the thermal couples on the shell, actual DCS data was provided by the power plant to acquire actual steam temperature. Design barrel temperatures of the shell are selected at the saturation point corresponding to the design pressure provided by the purchaser. This value is a more reliable number versus the skirt design temperature simply due to its direct correlation to analytical steam tables and data which have been established to be effective sources of information over hundreds of years. Shell data was collected with thermocouples on the DHZ exhaust where shell temperature would be large. It is speculated that the design shell side temperature is insufficient at the DHZ exhaust location. 1 Copyright 2014 by ASME
2 Methods: Experimental Procedure The procedure was to gather analytical research with respect to the scientific method. A large volume of temperature readings were acquired around the DHZ on an existing high pressure feedwater heater. The thermocouples used were Magnetic K type thermocouples accompanied by a Pico 8 Thermocouple USB Data Logger. The logger read the voltage difference noted by the thermocouple and recorded the data in a program which was converted into excel as temperatures data points corresponding to each thermocouple channel. To verify the data acquired by the thermocouples on the feedwater heater would be accurate, they were first tested in various conditions. The thermocouples were attached to a cup forging cooling subsequent to undergoing a 200 F heat treatment process. The data acquired provided a gradual decreasing temperature around 165 F which was then calibrated by cross referencing the temperature reading with an infrared temperature gun. In attempt to verify the thermocouples would react appropriate to higher temperatures, a steel plate was heated using a plasma torch. The temperature readings appeared accurate, and were then cross referenced again by the infrared temperature gun noted above verifying the results were both accurate and precise. One last test was performed to verify that the thermocouples would acquire accurate data over a longer period of time. Using the same heated steel plate, the thermocouples were attached, and the specimen was left to cool. A sample size of 180 data points was set with 1 sample every two minutes to be taken in ambient room temperature. The temperature stabilized as expected, verifying the data acquisition unit was working properly. With approval from the power plant, feedwater heater insulation was removed around the DHZ. Selection of the thermocouple locations was determined from an outline drawing to ensure thermocouple locations properly captured temperature data at the DHZ steam inlet, as well as the DHZ exhaust. All 8 thermocouples were mounted in the locations noted in figure 1. Locations 2, 3, and 5 are hidden by valves and associated piping. The data recorder was connected and set up to record data on 20 second intervals with approximately 3000 samples each data set. This data was taken over twelve days and twelve data sets which correspond to approximately 16 hours per sample. Following all data collection, the data was sorted from seconds to match the approximate time of day that the snapshot was taken. The data was then matched to the data provided by the plant and examined. MS Excel was used to create plots and for data interpolation. A detailed thermal performance was also run for each data point for additional insight into the operation of the heater, particularly during rapid load changes. Methods: Data Analysis/ Collected Data Design temperature was plotted against the actual metal temperature measured by the thermal couples mounted on the feedwater heater s skirt. For this particular feedwater heater the Shell side design temperature is 584 F for the shell and 780 F for the skirt. Again the focus of this paper is on the shell just outside the desuperheating zone, since the shell is given to be designed at saturation. The temperature of the steam entering the DHZ from the nozzle is going to be the highest temperature and is noted at channel five. The maximum steam temperature at this point was found to be F. This is approximately the maximum temperature the shroud could be at, since it is at plant peak load power production. This is represented in the below figure 2. The recorded maximum inlet temperature is very close to the design skirt temperature, but cannot be directly correlated to the data because the zone is shrouded off by the DHZ shroud section. It is important to note that it is not known whether the extraction steam inlet nozzle has a lining. Although there are high temperatures noted in the extraction steam inlet nozzle, it is beyond the scope of this paper for analysis. The shroud which is experiencing the largest extraction steam temperature and pressure is still below that of the design skirt temperature by a minimum of F. The sample set provided was during an exceptionally hot summer day, and therefore demand for energy was high. The plot shown below in Figure 3, is a representation of the rapid swing in power output of this super critical coal fired plant on day 5 of data acquisition. This unit, and many super critical coal fired plants similar to this are designed for this type of cyclic operation with large swings in power output. It can be seen in Figure 4, how rapidly the skirt temperatures were affected by this unit load variation, which may lead to various fatigue and creep issues after years of service. This inlet steam temperature correlates to a maximum measured skirt temperature of F and may be seen in the figure 4 as captured by thermocouple channel 5. Although this temperature is higher in the desuperheating zone shroud than the skirt, because of the nature of the design, it shows that it is still slightly below that of the design skirt temperature. It is of significant interest to note how close the DHZ exhaust shell temperature is to the shell design temperature. It can be seen in figure 4 below that the DHZ exhaust a full load, which is on the shell not skirt, is noted at approximately 560 F. The design temperature by standard practice of the existing heat exchanger is 580 F. The temperature measured at the skirt can be seen in figure 5. This data is plotted and compared to the constant skirt design temperature line. There is an ample difference between the measured skirt temperature and that of the design temperature. This difference in temperature between the measured value and the design skirt temperature is approximate 220 F. Discussion: From the acquired information it appears that there is an ample difference between the experimental, measured, values and that of the design temperature provided by HEI standards for the skirt but, as indicated, this design utilized a steam box (also known as chest). As anticipated this 220 F difference is more than ample between design temperature and measured 2 Copyright 2014 by ASME
3 data. In contrast to the skirt, the data provides evidence that at the DHZ exhaust, temperature difference between shell design temperature and actual has minimal margin compared to that of the shell design temperature, at maximum load. With only approximately 20 F of temperature difference between the shell side design temperature and the measured temperature, it is a real possibility that the shell side design temperature should be increased. Increasing the design temperature will increase the difference between the shell side temperature at the exhaust (measured) and the design temperature, allowing for a more conservative design. It is important to note that altering a Rankine Cycle via turbine upgrades may adversely affect the auxiliary components of the cycle such as the feedwater heaters. If the extraction points on the turbine were modified, pulling in more superheated steam at a higher pressure and quality, the desuperheating shroud and skirt may approach the design temperature, and the shell side design temperature at the DHZ exhaust may be exceeded. With 220 F of difference between the skirt design it is unlikely that serious issues may arise. It should be noted that at the DHZ exhaust it is plausible to reach critical metal temperatures where failure mechanisms may begin to propagate, such as creep. Another important observation to note is the speed at which the temperature recorded responds to the power plants designed load change and pressure. This lag may result in various other DHZ issues such as wet and dry wall situations. This would result in a decrease of longevity over time. Conclusion Design temperatures provided by HEI standards appear to be adequate for the skirt side design temperatures. For the shell, design temperature appears to be too low in the area of the DHZ exhaust. These design temperatures are based upon pressure which shall be verified before heat exchanging equipment is purchased. With 220 F of temperature difference between the measured skirt temperature and that of design temperature, it is clear to say that the design temperature is adequate with a sufficient safety factor. With only 20 F of difference between the shell temperature near the DHZ and the design temperature, it appears the design temperature may at times be insufficient. Design temperature and operating temperature are below the temperature where creep and stress failure mechanism generally occur for the provided materials. When upgrading a turbine, it is important to note the affect of possible increase in temperature and pressure and how this may adversely affect the feedwater heaters Reference: Standards for Closed Feedwater Heaters. Seventh ed. Cleveland, OH: HEI, Print. 3 Copyright 2014 by ASME
4 FIGURES Figure 1 Thermocouple Location 4 Copyright 2014 by ASME
5 Temperature ( F) Saturation and Desup Zone Temperature Vs. 17:04:12 17:41:06 18:18:57 18:58:24 19:38:17 20:18:03 20:59:29 21:35:35 22:12:33 22:46:27 23:27:30 0:08:25 0:53:05 1:40:34 2:22:59 3:08:48 3:55:38 4:33:58 5:21:59 6:05:47 Saturation Desup Zone Steam Inlet Desup Zone Steam Outlet DZ Steam In ReCalc DZ Steam Out ReCalc Figure 2 Temperature Vs (Sat. & Zone) 700 MW Output MW Output :48:00 19:12:00 21:36:00 0:00:00 2:24:00 4:48:00 7:12:00 9:36:00 Figure 3 MW Output 5 Copyright 2014 by ASME
6 Temperature ( F) Channel 8 and Channel 5 Vs 20:00:00 20:18:00 20:36:00 20:54:00 21:12:00 21:30:00 21:48:00 22:06:00 22:24:00 22:42:00 23:00:00 23:18:00 23:36:00 23:54:00 0:12:00 0:30:00 0:48:00 1:06:00 1:24:00 1:42:00 2:00:00 2:18:00 2:36:00 2:54:00 3:12:00 3:30:00 Channel 5 Channel 8 Figure 4 Temperature Vs. Temperature ( F) Temperature Vs Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4 Channel 5 Channel 6 Channel 7 Channel 8 FW Inlet FW Outlet :48:00 19:12:00 21:36:00 0:00:00 2:24:00 4:48:00 7:12:00 9:36:00 Skirt Design Temp Figure 5 Temperature Vs. 6 Copyright 2014 by ASME
ICONE DRAFT Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering ICONE16 May 11-15, 2008, Orlando, Florida, USA
DRAFT Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering ICONE16 May 11-15, 2008, Orlando, Florida, USA ICONE16-48187 THERMAL CYCLE EVALUATION FOR FEEDWATER HEATER OUT OF SERVICE CONDITION
More informationChapter 10 VAPOR AND COMBINED POWER CYCLES
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach Seventh Edition Yunus A. Cengel, Michael A. Boles McGraw-Hill, 2011 Chapter 10 VAPOR AND COMBINED POWER CYCLES Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission
More informationStudy and Design Considerations of HRSG Evaporators in Fast Start Combined Cycle Plants. Govind Rengarajan, P.E.CEM, Dan Taylor
Study and Design Considerations of HRSG Evaporators in Fast Start Combined Cycle Plants Govind Rengarajan, P.E.CEM, Dan Taylor CMI Energy, Erie PA 1651 Bernd Pankow P.E, Pankow Engineering Abstract Combined
More information(Refer Slide Time: 00:00:40 min)
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Prof. M. Ramgopal Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture No. # 10 Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems (Refer Slide
More informationPOWERENERGY
Proceedings of the ASME 2015 Power & Energy Conversion Conference POWER2015 June 28-July 2, 2015, San Diego, CA, USA POWERENERGY2015-49418 IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERFORMANCE OF A SUBCOOLING ZONE IN A FEEDWATER
More informationCONSIDERATIONS IN CONVERTING A DUAL SHELL OR A DUAL PRESSURE COAL FIRED PLANT CONDENSER INTO A COMBINED CYCLE PLANT CONDENSER
Proceedings of the ASME 2013 Power Conference POWER2013 July 29-August 1, 2013, Boston, Massachusetts, USA POWER2013-98062 CONSIDERATIONS IN CONVERTING A DUAL SHELL OR A DUAL PRESSURE COAL FIRED PLANT
More informationWeek 13 Chapter 10 Vapor & Combined Power Cycles
MECH341: Thermodynamics of Engineering System Week 13 Chapter 10 Vapor & Combined Power Cycles The Carnot vapor cycle The Carnot cycle is the most efficient cycle operating between two specified temperature
More informationSteam Power Cycles Part II
Steam Power Cycles Part II Regenerative Cycles - Open and Closed Feedwater Heaters One approach to increasing the efficiency of steam power cycle is by extracting some of the steam from various stages
More informationHomework #4 (group) Tuesday, 27 by 4:00 pm 5290 exercises (individual) Tuesday, 27 by 4:00 pm extra credit (individual) Tuesday, 27 by 4:00 pm
Homework #4 (group) Tuesday, 27 by 4:00 pm 5290 exercises (individual) Tuesday, 27 by 4:00 pm extra credit (individual) Tuesday, 27 by 4:00 pm Readings for this homework assignment and upcoming lectures
More information2017 FSRUG Thermal Performance Feedwater Heater Troubleshooting FSRUG FWH Troubleshooting 1
2017 FSRUG Thermal Performance Feedwater Heater Troubleshooting 2017 FSRUG FWH Troubleshooting 1 Feedwater Heater Troubleshooting General Discussion on the process Example walkthrough 2017 FSRUG FWH Troubleshooting
More informationBENSON Boiler Technology
BENSON Boiler Technology Leading boiler manufacturers construct BENSON boilers worldwide under Siemens license. The success of the technology is based on highest economy in power plant operation by High
More informationFig.: macroscopic kinetic energy is an organized form of energy and is much more useful
Harnessing Energy Fig.: macroscopic kinetic energy is an organized form of energy and is much more useful Vapor Power Cycle The vast majority of electrical generating plants are variations of vapor power
More informationBoiler Basics. Design and operation
Boiler Basics Design and operation A boiler is an enclosed vessel that provides a means for combustion heat to be transferred into water until it becomes heated water or steam. The hot water or steam under
More informationPV Newsletter Monthly Publication from CoDesign Engineering Skills Academy
February 15, 2013 PV Newsletter Monthly Publication from CoDesign Engineering Skills Academy www.codesignengg.com Classification of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers Shell-and-tube heat exchangers can be
More informationInfluence of Feed Water Heaters on the Performance of Coal Fired Power Plants
Influence of Feed Water Heaters on the Performance of Coal Fired Power Plants E. Devandiran 1, V. S. Shaisundaram 2, P.Sabari Ganesh 3, S.Vivek 4 1,2 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
More informationAUTOMATION OF BOILERS USING LABVIEW
I J L S C M 4(1), 2012, pp. 49-53 AUTOMATION OF BOILERS USING LABVIEW A. MICHAEL SIDDHARTHA AND S. NAVEEN KUMAR Under Graduate Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Thiagarajar
More informationEvaluation of Liquid Water Content in Thermal Efficient Heating Mechanism Using Water Vapor for Industrial Furnace
Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 7 (2017) 160-164 doi: 10.17265/2159-5275/2017.03.005 D DAVID PUBLISHING Evaluation of Liquid Water Content in Thermal Efficient Heating Mechanism Using Water
More informationA STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF RAPID CYCLING PRESSURIZED WATER HEATING / COOLING ON COMPOSITE / INJECTION MOLD TEMPERATURES
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF RAPID CYCLING PRESSURIZED WATER HEATING / COOLING ON COMPOSITE / INJECTION MOLD TEMPERATURES Jim Fisher, Kip Petrykowski Single Temperature Controls Abstract There have been several
More informationASH MEASUREMENT AT NRG HUNTLEY USING HIGH TEMPERATURE STRAIN GAUGES
Proceedings of ASME Power: ASME Power April 5-7, 2005, Chicago, Illinois PWR2005-50203 ASH MEASUREMENT AT NRG HUNTLEY USING HIGH TEMPERATURE STRAIN GAUGES Charlie Breeding/Clyde Bergemann Joe Schmitt/NRG
More informationRenovation, Modernization and Life Time Extension Measures on Steam Turbines Sustainable Growth - Strategies for efficiency Increase
NTPC O&M CONFERENCE 2013 Renovation, Modernization and Life Time Extension Measures on Steam Turbines Sustainable Growth - Strategies for efficiency Increase Subrata Kumar Kundu, Siemens Ltd. & Markus
More informationPOWERENERGY
ASME 2016 POWER CONFERENCE JUNE 26 JUNE 30, 2016 CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA, USA POWERENERGY2016-59067 EVACUATION SYSTEMS FOR STEAM SURFACE CONDENSERS: VACUUM PUMPS OR STEAM JET AIR EJECTORS? Ranga Nadig,
More informationLEAKAGE MONITORING OF SEAL PLUG FOR INDIAN PRESSURIZED HEAVY WATER REACTOR BY PSYCHOMETRICS ANALYSIS METHOD
Proceedings of the National Seminar & Exhibition on Non-Destructive Evaluation NDE 2011, December 8-10, 2011 LEAKAGE MONITORING OF SEAL PLUG FOR INDIAN PRESSURIZED HEAVY WATER REACTOR BY PSYCHOMETRICS
More informationExperimental Study on Match for Indoor and Outdoor Heat Exchanger of Residential Airconditioner
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2014 Experimental Study on Match for Indoor and Outdoor Heat Exchanger of Residential
More informationGPPS-2017-Put 4 digit paper number here
Proceedings of Shanghai 2017 Global Power and Propulsion Forum 30 th October 1 st November, 2017 http://www.gpps.global GPPS-2017-Put 4 digit paper number here THE RESEARCH ABOUT INFLUENCE OF WET STEAM
More informationBrine Generation Study
DOE/WIPP 00-2000 Brine Generation Study April 2000 Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Carlsbad, New Mexico Processing and final preparation of this report was performed by the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Management
More informationOff Design Operation of Hybrid Noncondensable Gas Removal Systems for Flash Steam Cycle Geothermal Power Plants
GRC Transactions, Vol. 40, 2016 Off Design Operation of Hybrid Noncondensable Gas Removal Systems for Flash Steam Cycle Geothermal Power Plants Jason Project Engineer, Vooner FloGard Corporation, Charlotte
More informationSolution of I Mid Term Steam Engineering 6ME5A
1(a) Discuss the working principle of LaMont high pressure boiler This boiler works on basic principle of forced convection. If the water is circulate by a pump inside the tube, the heat transfer rate
More informationPRESSURE-ENTHALPY CHARTS AND THEIR USE By: Dr. Ralph C. Downing E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. Freon Products Division
INTRODUCTION PRESSURE-ENTHALPY CHARTS AND THEIR USE The refrigerant in a refrigeration system, regardless of type, is present in two different states. It is present as liquid and as vapor (or gas). During
More informationThermomechanical Fatigue (TMF) Test System
Thermomechanical Fatigue (TMF) Test System Complete Solution for Fatigue Testing up to 1200 C TestResources Thermomechanical Fatigue (TMF) test systems adds the sophistication of performing realistic thermal
More informationLesson 25 Analysis Of Complete Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems
Lesson 25 Analysis Of Complete Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems Version 1 ME, IIT Kharagpur 1 The specific objectives of this lecture are to: 1. Importance of complete vapour compression refrigeration
More informationPaper No. : 04 Paper Title : Unit Operations in Food processing Module 11 : Principles of Refrigeration
Paper No. : 04 Paper Title : Unit Operations in Food processing Module 11 : Principles of Refrigeration 11.1 Introduction Preservation of foods is a vital processing step in food processing. There are
More informationEffects of Non-Uniform Refrigerant and Air Flow Distributions on Finned- Tube Evaporator Performance
Effects of Non-Uniform Refrigerant and Air Flow Distributions on Finned- Tube Evaporator Performance Jong Min Choi, W. Vance Payne and Piotr A. Domanski National Institute of Standards and Technology Building
More informationLONGEVITY SOLUTIONS FEEDWATER HEATERS CONDENSERS HEAT EXCHANGERS PRESSURE VESSELS AIR PREHEATERS ISOLATION DAMPERS AFTERMARKET SERVICES AND PARTS
LONGEVITY SOLUTIONS FEEDWATER HEATERS CONDENSERS HEAT EXCHANGERS PRESSURE VESSELS AIR PREHEATERS ISOLATION DAMPERS AFTERMARKET SERVICES AND PARTS EXPERIENCE. KNOW-HOW. COMMITMENT. SPX HEAT TRANSFER AFTERMARKET
More informationMODULATING CONTROL OF LOW NO X BURNERS
MODULATING CONTROL OF LOW NO X BURNERS ABSTRACT Manufacturers of today s wall-fired low NO X burners (LNB) recommend a single-position secondary air volume control for in-service burners. Air register
More informationExperimental Study and Analysis of Condenser Performance under Dual Backpressure Operation Mode
International Conference on Civil, Transportation and Environment (ICCTE 2016) Experimental Study and Analysis of Condenser Performance under Dual Backpressure Operation Mode Guangyao Liu1,a, Xiewei Cheng2,b,
More informationChapter 8. Production of Power from Heat
Chapter 8 Production of Power from Heat 8.1 THE STEAM POWER PLANT The Carnot-engine cycle, described in Sec. 5.2, operates reversibly and consists of two isothermal steps connected by two adiabatic steps.
More informationExperimental Investigate on the Performance of High Temperature Heat Pump Using Scroll Compressor
Experimental Investigate on the Performance of High Temperature Heat Pump Using Scroll Compressor Mingyue Huang a, Xiangfei Liang a,b *, Rong Zhuang a a Gree Electric Appliances, Inc.of Zhuhai,Zhuhai 519070,China
More information"COP Enhancement Of Domestic Refrigerator By Sub cooling And Superheating Using Shell &Tube Type Heat Exchanger"
"COP Enhancement Of Domestic Refrigerator By Sub cooling And Superheating Using Shell &Tube Type Heat Exchanger" 1 Prof.Gaffar G.Momin, 2 Sagar B. Tupe, 2 Swapnil A. Parate 2 Omkar G. Yewale 2 Aakash P.
More informationCHAPTER 3 BASIC STEAM CYCLE
CHAPTER 3 BASIC STEAM CYCLE To understand steam generation, you must know what happens to the steam after it leaves the boiler. A good way to learn the steam plant on your ship is to trace the path of
More informationThermodynamics: Homework A Set 7 Jennifer West (2004)
Thermodynamics: Homework A Set 7 Jennifer West (2004) Problem 1 Water is the working fluid in a Carnot vapor power cycle. Saturated liquid enters the boiler at a pressure of 18 MPa, and saturated vapor
More informationCHP-turbine room. CHP can capture almost EXTRACTED STEAM 20 PSI HIGH-PRESSURE STEAM 1250 PSI HEAT EXCHANGER HOT WATER SUPPLY F
5 6 HIGH-PRESSURE STEAM is routed from the wood-chp boiler to the turbine. TURBINE BLADES spin at nearly 00 revolutions per second. Steam acting on the turbine blades creates mechanical energy in the TURBINE.
More informationA study of Transient Performance of A Cascade Heat Pump System
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 79 (2015 ) 131 136 2015 International Conference on Alternative Energy in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies A study of
More informationA STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOR OF STEAM CONDENSATION IN U-SHAPED HEAT TUBE
A STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOR OF STEAM CONDENSATION IN U-SHAPED HEAT TUBE Satoru Ito 1, Keisuke Tsukada 1, Nobuyoshi Tsuzuki 2, Takao Ishizuka 3 and Hiroshige Kikura 3 1 Department of nuclear Engineering, Graduate
More informationHomework Chapter2. Homework Chapter3
Homework Chapter2 2/1 A storage tank holds methane at 120 K, with a quality of 25 %, and it warms up by 5 C per hour due to a failure in the refrigeration system. How long time will it take before the
More informationThe following report is prepared and published by:
The following report is prepared and published by: Josh Dennis, Thermal Process Engineer josh.dennis@readingthermal.com of 7 CORPORATE BLVD.SINKING SPRING, PA 19608 USA T: 610-678-5890 F: 610-693-6262
More informationEffects of Flash and Vapor Injection on the Air-to- Air Heat Pump System
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2010 Effects of Flash and Vapor Injection on the Air-to- Air Heat Pump System
More information9707 Key West Avenue, Suite 100 Rockville, MD Phone: Fax:
9707 Key West Avenue, Suite 100 Rockville, MD 20850 Phone: 301-740-1421 Fax: 301-990-9771 E-Mail: awt@awt.org Part of the recertification process is to obtain Continuing Education Units (CEUs). One way
More informationLife-Cycle Energy Costs and Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Gas Turbine Power
energy center Paper Report Summary 210-1 174-2 Fixed and Floating Head Pressure Comparison for Madison Ice Arena Life-Cycle Energy Costs and Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Gas Turbine Power July 1998 April,
More informationA new solution to detect wet steam and measure the dryness fraction
A new solution to detect wet steam and measure Oliver Seifert, Head of Department Product Management (Vortex and thermal flowmeters) Endress+Hauser Flowtec AG, Reinach (Switzerland) Endress+Hauser has
More information280 SERIES STEAM CONVERTING VALVE SIZING AND SELECTION. 1. Introduction Design Properties Sizing and Selection Criteria...
Contents 1. Introduction... 2 2. 280 Design Properties... 3 3. 280 Sizing and Selection Criteria... 4 3.1 Definitions... 4 3.2 Operating Conditions... 4 3.3 Valve/Pipe Dimensioning... 5 3.4 Valve Design...
More informationPerformance Enhancement of Mini Refrigerator with Phase Change Materials
Performance Enhancement of Mini Refrigerator with Phase Change Materials Souptik Acharya 1, Manu Jose 2 and Risikesh Choudhury 3 Souptik Achraya,student at St. Martin s Engineering College Manu Jose T,
More informationOptimizing Strategy for Boiler Drum Level Control
Optimizing Strategy for Boiler Drum Level Control Avoid trips and maximize steam output by reviewing your control equipment, strategy, and tuning. Andrew W.R. Waite 06/18/2012 Inadequate control of drum
More informationInternational Reactor Bulletin 1100 Corporation. Standard and Custom Reactors for the Chemical Process Industries
International Reactor Bulletin 1100 Corporation Standard and Custom Reactors for the Chemical Process Industries 2 International Reactor Corporation 521 Kiser Street Dayton, Ohio 45404-1641 Phone: 937-224-4444
More informationEnergy Saving Methods for Transformer Oven
Energy Saving Methods for Transformer Oven J.A.Vitharana, N.H.K.L.Sirisena, K.R.S.Dematagolla, J.A.I.T.Jagoda Supervisors: Prof.J.R.Lucas, Prof.P.D.C.Wijayathunga, Mr.Kosala Gunwardhana, Mr. Rukshika Pathberiya
More informationMechanical Heat Pump R515
P.A.Hilton Ltd Mechanical Heat Pump R515 Above: R515 shown fitted with standard wattmeter Stabilises in minutes allowing many tests to be conducted in a typical laboratory period. Allows a complete refrigerant
More informationCONTROLLING BOILER SWELL AND SHRINK
CONTROLLING BOILER SWELL AND SHRINK INTRODUCTION Steam drum level is one of the major contributors of boiler trips and downtime. Affected by a specific phenomenon (swell and shrink) it is difficult to
More informationImproving Boiler Stability Through Advanced Regulatory Control
Improving Boiler Stability Through Advanced Regulatory Control Jacques Smuts, OptiControls, Inc., Houston, Texas KEYWORDS Boiler Control Systems, Advanced Regulatory Control ABSTRACT Coal-fired power plants
More informationEligibility criteria
Accelerated Capital Allowances Eligibility Criteria Ref. No.: HWG 3.3 Category: Heating and Electricity Provision Technology: Boilers and Water Heaters Boilers and Water Heaters are defined as advanced
More informationComplete Stress Analysis of Sucker- Rod Pumping Installations
10 th Annual Sucker Rod Pumping Workshop Renaissance Hotel Oklahoma City, Oklahoma September 16-19, 2014 Complete Stress Analysis of Sucker- Rod Pumping Installations Victoria Pons, Ph.D. Weatherford INTRODUCTION
More informationAnalysis to speed up of the start-up of steam boiler OP-380
Open Access Journal journal homepage:papers.itc.pw.edu.pl Analysis to speed up of the start-up of steam boiler OP-380 Jan Taler,a, Bohdan Węglowski a, Piotr Dzierwa a, Piotr Czupryński b, Paweł Madejski
More informationTHERMODYNAMICS STEAM P7690 AND STEAM BENCHES CUSSONS TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY RECOMMENDATION
cussons TECHNOLOGY THERMODYNAMICS STEAM P7690 AND STEAM BENCHES CUSSONS TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY RECOMMENDATION Thermodynamics is a branch of physical science concerned with the inter-relationship and inter-conversion
More informationQualification Testing of Nuclear High Voltage Splice (NHVS) Title Pages: 49. Report Number: EDR-5391 Rev. 0 06/15/05. Approved by: Signature: Date:
Energy Report EDR-5391 Qualification Testing of Nuclear High Voltage Splice (NHVS) Title Pages: 49 Qualification Testing of Nuclear High Voltage Splice (NHVS) Enclosures: Report Number: Date: EDR-5391
More informationWhen Precision is not good enough
When Precision is not good enough Andrew Kelley XACT PCB Ltd North Shields, UK Abstract As PCB designs become ever more complex with more sequential build up layers, tighter annular ring designs and broader
More informationTHERMAL PROCESSING THEORY
THERMAL PROCESSING THEORY 9.1 Infrared Waves Infrared waves form part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths from 0.78 µm to 1000 µm are called infrared waves. You are
More informationWhat to Expect from Your EtaPRO Investment
What to Expect from Your EtaPRO Investment Benefits of Deployment Introduction Power plants seeking to improve their competitive position have recognized unit heat rate as an indicator of plant health
More informationHEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC.
HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. STANDARDS for STEAM SURFACE CONDENSERS ELEVENTH EDITION Copyright October 2012 by Heat Exchange Institute 1300 Sumner Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44115-2851 Reproduction of any
More information3.1 Deaerator Systems
3.1 Deaerator Systems 3.1.1 Design & Operational Considerations System Overview The primary function of a deaerator system is to protect the boiler and condensate system from corrosion by removing oxygen
More informationImplementation and testing of a model for the calculation of equilibrium between components of a refrigeration installation
Implementation and testing of a model for the calculation of equilibrium between components of a refrigeration installation Marco Alexandre Onofre Dias This paper presents a model that was implemented
More informationInfluence of the magnitude of the angle of attack on the voltage produced by a miniature wind turbine
World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education Vol.9, No.3, 2011 2011 WIETE Influence of the magnitude of the angle of attack on the voltage produced by a miniature wind turbine Josué Njock
More informationModification of Condenser Nozzle and Cooling Tower Exit Screen to Increase Condenser Performance
Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2010 Bali, Indonesia, 25-29 April 2010 Modification of Condenser Nozzle and Cooling Tower Exit Screen to Increase Condenser Performance Amri Zein 1, Paul A. Taylor
More informationMeasuring Couch Motion Accuracy with X-ray Beam Fluence
Measuring Couch Motion Accuracy with X-ray Beam Fluence Rudi Labarbe, M.S. and Brett Nelson, M.S. IBA Particle Therapy, Belgium and Logos Systems, Scotts Valley, CA Introduction The accuracy of radiosurgery
More informationMiniature Hobby Boiler Inspection and Certification Requirements
State of Washington Department of Labor & Industries Boiler & Pressure Vessel Program 7273 Linderson Way S.W. Tumwater, Washington 98501 Miniature Hobby Boiler Inspection and Certification Requirements
More informationEnhancement of COP in Vapour Compression Refrigeration System
Enhancement of COP in Vapour Compression Refrigeration System M. Krishna Prasanna #1 M.E student, Heat Transfer studies in Energy Systems Department of Mechanical Engg., Andhra University Visakhapatnam-530003,
More informationPerformance test of a helium refrigerator for the cryogenic hydrogen system in J-PARC
Proceedings of ICEC -ICMC 8, edited by Ho-Myung CHANG et al. c 9 The Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics 978-89-978-- Performance test of a helium refrigerator for the cryogenic
More informationDevelopment of a Transient Simulation Model of a Freezer Part II: Comparison of Experimental Data with Model
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 199 Development of a Transient Simulation Model of a Freezer Part II: Comparison
More informationExperimental Study on Compact Heat Pump System for Clothes Drying Using CO 2 as a Refrigerant. Abstract
Experimental Study on Compact Heat Pump System for Clothes Drying Using CO 2 as a Refrigerant M. Honma, T. Tamura, Y. Yakumaru and F. Nishiwaki Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Living Environment
More informationThe superconducting TF magnetic system of Tore Supra
The superconducting TF magnetic system of Tore Supra (CEA Cadarache) Association EURATOM-CEA, CEA/DSM/IRFM 0 1 1. Introduction TORE SUPRA TF system contribution The revolution of superfluid helium 1.8
More informationCooperation of a Steam Condenser with a Low-pressure Part of a Steam Turbine in Off-design Conditions
American Journal of Energy Research, 215, Vol. 3, No. 1, 13-18 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajer/3/1/3 Science and Education Publishing DOI:1.12691/ajer-3-1-3 Cooperation of a Steam Condenser
More informationPublic Services Building 155 N First Avenue Hillsboro, OR March 2012
Public Services Building 155 N First Avenue Hillsboro, OR 97124 March 2012 Tests and report done by: Joel Klobas Emerging Energy Solutions Technical Director joelk@eeswest.com Contents Introduction...
More information2x58 MW Coal Fired Power Plant at Mauritius
2x58 MW Coal Fired Power Plant at Mauritius The coal-fired power plant produces electricity by the burning of coal and air in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Boiler (CFBC), where it heats water
More informationAn experimental study of the impact of tunnel suppression on tunnel ventilation
An experimental study of the impact of tunnel suppression on tunnel ventilation Yoon J. Ko and George Hadjisophocleous Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa,
More informationTemperature Data Logging
. Temperature Data Logging Making the right choice with a Data Acquisition System There are many ways to make temperature measurements. The simplest method is to insert a temperature probe into a device
More informationScientific Principals and Analytical Model. Charcoal Cooler. Lisa Crofoot MECH 425, Queens University
Scientific Principals and Analytical Model Charcoal Cooler Lisa Crofoot MECH 425, Queens University 1.0 Scientific Principles Evaporative cooling is based on the principle that water requires heat energy
More informationMaluna Unhinged vs Yeti Tundra Thermal Performance Comparison January 2017
Maluna Unhinged vs Yeti Tundra Thermal Performance Comparison January 2017 Abstract A Maluna Unhinged cooler was tested and measured for performance relative to a Yeti Tundra cooler. Three identical tests
More informationElectric radiator tests
Electric radiator tests Carried out for Haverland By P Stonard 16 July 2010 Electric radiator tests Carried out for: Haverland Avda San Martin De Valdeigiesias Km-2,200 Alcorcon MADRID 28925 Spain Contract:
More informationReducing the Carbon Footprint of Existing Domestic Heating: A Non-Disruptive Approach
EEDAL 2009 16-18 June 2009 Reducing the Footprint of Existing Domestic Heating: A Non-Disruptive Approach Martin O Hara Danfoss Randall Limited Abstract There is insufficient time between today and 2020
More informationHALON FLIGHTLINE EXTINGUISHER EVALUATION: DATA SUPPORTING STANDARD DEVELOPMENT [INCLUDES NOVEMBER 2007 ADDENDUM]
AFRL-RX-TY-TR-2008-4573 HALON FLIGHTLINE EXTINGUISHER EVALUATION: DATA SUPPORTING STANDARD DEVELOPMENT [INCLUDES NOVEMBER 2007 ADDENDUM] John R. Hawk Applied Research Associates P.O. Box 40128 Tyndall
More informationREVIEW ON CONDENSER AIR LEAK TEST
Volume 119 No. 16 2018, 3197-3205 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ REVIEW ON CONDENSER AIR LEAK TEST 1 Neethu Sathyan M, 2 Dr.Golda Dilip,
More informationThis is a preview - click here to buy the full publication ICS ISBN
IEC 62341-5-2 Edition 2.0 2019-03 REDLINE VERSION colour inside Organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays Part 5-2: Mechanical endurance testing methods INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS
More information2. HEAT EXCHANGERS MESA
1. INTRODUCTION Multiport minichannel and microchannel aluminium tubes are becoming more popular as components in heat exchangers. These heat exchangers are used in various industrial applications and
More informationCHC Series High Capacity Refrigerated Dryer 2,000 20,000 SCFM
CHC Series High Capacity Refrigerated Dryer 2,000 20,000 SCFM NEW Engineered to Save CHC Series Custom Designed to Meet Your Needs Engineered to economically produce consistent dew points with low pressure
More informationPressure drop analysis of evaporator using refrigerants R-22, R-404A and R-407C
drop analysis of evaporator using refrigerants R-22, R-404A and R-407C #1 Pallavi Sawkar, #2 Dr. Pradeep Patil #12 Department of Mechanical Engineering, JSPM s JSCOE, Savitribai Phule Pune University,
More informationA660 Air Conditioning Laboratory Unit
A660 Air Conditioning Laboratory Unit Figure 1: A660 Base Unit shown with all options fitted High accuracy wet and dry bulb sensors before and after each process to determine air condition. All processes
More informationThick-Film Heater achieves Superior Performance in Thermal Response, Uniformity and Efficiency.
Thick-Film Heater achieves Superior Performance in Thermal Response, Uniformity and Efficiency. by Mary Ruggiero, P.Eng., PhD and John Stockton, P.Eng Abstract IntegrAL thick-film heaters by Datec Corporation
More informationSECTION Fluorescent Dissolved Oxygen Measuring System
SECTION 40 75 43 Fluorescent Dissolved Oxygen Measuring System PART 1 General 1.01 SUMMARY A. Requirements for a high-performance, digital fluorescence sensor for measurement of dissolved oxygen in liquid.
More informationTitle: Measurement of dryness fraction by Separating Calorimeter,
Title: Measurement of dryness fraction by Separating Calorimeter, Throttling Calorimeter, Separating and Throttling Calorimeter. Learning objectives: 1. Intellectual skills: a) Measurement of Dryness fraction
More informationCalculated Energy Savings for Disabling Anti- Sweat Door Heat on Glass Display Case Doors
Calculated Energy Savings for Disabling Anti- Sweat Door Heat on Glass Display Case Doors ET Project Number: Product Manager: Sachin Andhare Pacific Gas and Electric Company` Prepared By: Danielle Geers
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10438-1 Second edition 2007-12-15 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries Lubrication, shaft-sealing and control-oil systems and auxiliaries Part 1: General requirements
More informationComputer Modelling and Simulation of a Smart Water Heater
Computer Modelling and Simulation of a Smart Water Heater Maria Kathleen Ellul University of Malta ellul_maria@yahoo.com Adrian Muscat University of Malta adrian.muscat@um.edu.mt Abstract A computational
More informationINTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 62341-5-2 Edition 2.0 2019-03 colour inside Organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays Part 5-2: Mechanical endurance test methods INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
More information