HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC.

Transcription

1 HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. STANDARDS for STEAM SURFACE CONDENSERS ELEVENTH EDITION Copyright October 2012 by Heat Exchange Institute 1300 Sumner Avenue Cleveland, Ohio Reproduction of any portion of this standard without written permission of the Heat Exchange Institute is strictly forbidden. i

2 CONTENTS Page 1.0 NOMENCLATURE DEFINITIONS Absolute Pressure Circulating Water Velocity Cleanliness Factor Condensate Temperature Depression (Subcooling) Condenser Duty Condenser Heat Transfer Coefficient Condenser Pressure Condensing Steam Temperature Effective Surface Effective Tube Length Hotwell Capacity Initial Temperature Difference Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference Static Pressure Temperature Rise Terminal Temperature Difference SYMBOLS AND UNITS CONDENSER PERFORMANCE General Considerations Heat Transfer Rates Oxygen Content of Condensate Performance Curves Hydraulic Loss-Circulating Water Pressure Loss Condensate Temperature Depression Geothermal Applications SERVICE CONNECTIONS General Considerations Flow Data Connection Locations Connection Design Guidelines Turbine Bypass Guidelines VENTING EQUIPMENT CAPACITIES Venting Requirements Design Suction Pressure Design Suction Temperature Calculation of Water Vapor Load Component Minimum Recommended Capacities Rapid Evacuation Equipment ATMOSPHERIC RELIEF DEVICES General Atmospheric Relief Valves Rupture Devices CONSTRUCTION General Design Philosophy Materials of Construction Design Pressures Hydrostatic Testing Corrosion Allowances Design And Construction Methods Design Factors of Safety Design By More Exact Analyses and By Empirical Formula and Testing Shell Design Support Plate Design Guidelines Water Box Thickness Design Guidelines 44 iii

3 8.2.6 Design Procedures For Flanges and Bolting Tubesheet Design Guidelines Condenser Tube Ends Tubesheet and Support Plate Hole Criteria Welding Lagging for Extraction Lines and Feedwater Heaters Fabrication for Geothermal Service Condenser Support Systems INSPECTION, QUALITY, TRANSPORTATION, AND FIELD INSTALLATION Inspection and Quality of Welding Standards Surface Preparation Requirements Painting, Coating, Linings, and Corrosion Protection Quality Assurance Dimensional Tolerances Shipping and Site Storage Field Installation Erection Superintendent Duties Post Erection Walk Down 62 APPENDICES APPENDIX A Typical Specification for Steam Surface Condensers 66 APPENDIX B Metric Conversion Factors 71 APPENDIX C Areas of Circular Segments 75 APPENDIX D Procedure for Calculating Allowable Nozzle External Forces and Moments in Cylindrical Vessels 76 APPENDIX E Air and Water Vapor Mixture Data (Dalton s Law) 81 APPENDIX F Mechanical Characteristics of Tubing 83 APPENDIX G Troubleshooting Guide 87 APPENDIX H HEI Surface Condenser Data Sheet 91 APPENDIX I Condenser Tubes Stress Values 92 APPENDIX J Condenser Material Stress Values 93 APPENDIX K Tubes Material Properties 94 APPENDIX L Condenser Performance 95 TABLES TABLE 1 Uncorrected Heat Transfer Coefficients U 1 7 TABLE 2 Inlet Water Temperature Correction Factor F W 9 TABLE 3 Tube Material and Gauge Correction Factors F M 11 TABLE 4 Venting Capacity and Oxygen Content 13 TABLE 5 Gauge Correction Factor for Friction Loss R 2 18 TABLE 6 Rapid Evacuation Equipment Dry Air Capacities 31 TABLE 6A Venting Equipment Capacities: One Condenser Shell 32 TABLE 6B Venting Equipment Capacities: Two Condenser Shells 33 TABLE 6C Venting Equipment Capacities: Three Condenser Shells 34 TABLE 7 Atmospheric Relief Valve Sizes 35 TABLE 8 Typical Materials of Construction 37 TABLE 9 Correction Factor K 1 TABLE 10 Correction Factor K 2 TABLE 11 Correction Factor K 3 TABLE 12 Support Plate Hole Size Limits 50 TABLE 13 Tubesheet Hole Size Limits 50 TABLE 14 Weld Acceptance Criteria 58 TABLE 15 Condenser Surface Preparation Requirements 63 FIGURES CONTENTS (continued) FIGURE 1 Uncorrected Heat Transfer Cofficeints U 1 8 FIGURE 2 Inlet Water Temperature Correction Factor F W 10 FIGURE 3 Absolute Pressure Limit Curves for Oxygen Content 14 FIGURE 4 Sample Performance Curve 15 FIGURE 5 Absolute Pressure Limit Curves 16 FIGURE 6 Friction Loss for Water Flowing in 18 BWG Tubes R T 19 FIGURE 7 Temperature Correction for Friction Loss in Tubes R 1 20 FIGURE 8 Water Box and Tube End Losses Single Pass Condensers R E 21 iv

4 CONTENTS (continued) FIGURE 9 Water Box and Tube End Losses Two Pass Condensers R E 22 FIGURE 10 Water Box and Tube End Losses Three Pass Condensers R E 23 FIGURE 11 Water Box and Tube End Losses Four Pass Condensers R E 24 FIGURE Point Support Pipe 38 FIGURE 14 Point Support Double Clips 39 FIGURE 15 Point Support Single Clips 39 FIGURE 16 Ribs 39 FIGURE 17 Design Nozzle Loading on Flat Plate 39 FIGURE 18 Spacing of Longitudinal Stiffeners 40 FIGURE 19 Cylindrical Condenser Shell Thickness 41 FIGURE 20 Stiffening Rings Required Moment of Inertia 42 FIGURE 21 Determination of L U 43 FIGURE 22 Rib Supported Panels 44 FIGURE Bolting of Flat Faced Flanges 46 FIGURE 25 Gasket Seating Pressure 46 FIGURE Required Flange Thickness 46 FIGURE 29 Idealized Representation of Tubesheet Loading 50 FIGURE 30 Tubesheet Showing Beam-Strip Locations 51 FIGURE 31 Beam-Strip for a Tube Pattern of Triangular Pitch 51 FIGURE 32 Beam-Strip for a Laned Tube Pattern of Triangular Pitch 51 FIGURE 33 Section AA through Beam-Strip of Figure FIGURE 34 Structural Model for Beam-Strip of Figure FIGURE 35 Moment and Deflection Curves for Beam-Strip of Figure FIGURE Typical Condenser Welds 52 FIGURE 43 Weld Geometries 53 FIGURE 44 Welding Nomenclature 57 FIGURE 45 Standard Tolerances for Interfaces and Supports English Units 64 FIGURE 45M Standard Tolerances for Interfaces and Supports Metric Units 65 v

5 HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. Addendum 1 STANDARDS for STEAM SURFACE CONDENSERS Copyright August 2014 by Heat Exchange Institute 1300 Sumner Avenue Cleveland, Ohio Reproduction of any portion of this addendum without written permission of the Heat Exchange Institute is strictly forbidden. i