LATEST HEAT PUMP TECHNOLOGIES IN JAPAN. Waseda University Kiyoshi Saito

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1 LATEST HEAT PUMP TECHNOLOGIES IN JAPAN Kiyoshi Saito

2 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 INTRODUCTION In Japan, since great effort to improve performance of heat pump system has been made, still new technologies appears. For example, Improve annual performance of heat pump widen utilization range for example increasing supply temp Improve comfortableness of air-conditioning system adopt lower GWP refrigerant develop simulation technologies to predict and compare performances of various refrigerants Today, I would like to introduce some interesting and representative heat pump technologies. 2

IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 DOMESTIC HEAT PUMP In Japan,

the 1 years million systems have already entered market in

Feature of system is that system is combined with thermal

compact. (1-thousand units) Exceeded 3 million units in Aug.

3 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 DOMESTIC HEAT PUMP In Japan, sales of a CO 2 heat-pump water heater began in 21, and in the 1 years million systems have already entered market in Japan. Feature of system is that system is combined with thermal storage tank is controlled optimally for life style is very compact. (1-thousand units) Exceeded 3 million units in Aug. 211 Exceeded 4 million units in Oct. 213 Exceeded million units in March 216 Exceeded 2 million units in Oct. 29 (Fiscal Year) 3

4 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 DOMESTIC HEAT PUMP WATER HEATER So many new technologies have been developed for compressors and heat exchangers メーカー A B C D 圧縮機ロータリー式 CO 2 圧縮機スクロール式 (+ 効率向上にエシェクタ ) 二段圧縮式 ( 中間圧はケース内に ) スイング式 ( シールは面接触 ) ホキホキモータ可動スクロール接触点多くのメーカーに OEM スイングブッシュベーンローラ一体化広げた鉄心にコイルを巻いてから丸める ( 高密度で整列巻を容易に ) 固定スクロールピストンクランクシャフト CO2- 水熱交換器 23 年モデル ~ 水配管に冷媒配管を埋込み水配管 ( ツイスト管 ) 初号機はキャヒラリーチューフの束を水チャンエルが囲む方式水配管に冷媒配管を巻き付け冷媒配管 4

Ejector is used to be used instead of expansion valve to enhance COP.

5 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 DOMESTIC HEAT PUMP WATER HEATER For this development, ejector was developed. Ejector is used to be used instead of expansion valve to enhance COP. Recently, ejector was used to realize a doublestage evaporator. This decreases defrost time and consequently increases system performance. Frost Higher temp. Lower temp. Tube Fin

6 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 AIR-CONDITIONER Most manufacturers already adopted R32 for room and package-type air-conditioners. Since R32 has flammability, a risk assessment was already performed by Japan Society of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers (JSRAE), and a safety standard was established. Manufacturers that use R32 as refrigerant Room Type Package Type 1. Daikin. Sharp 1. Daikin 4. Panasonic 2. Hitachi 6. Fujitsu General 2. Mitsubishi. Other 3. Mitsubishi 7. Toshiba Carrier 3. Toshiba Carrier 4. Panasonic 8. Other Corona 6

IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 AIR-CONDITIONER To

heat exchanger that adopt multi-hole flat tubes

7 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 AIR-CONDITIONER To make system compact and reduce refrigerant charge, heat exchanger that adopt multi-hole flat tubes have been developed for outdoor unit of package airconditioner. For some system, 3% Weight reduction, 2 % Volume reduction, 13% refrigerant charge reduction 7

8 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 AIR-CONDITIONER 4-stage compressor has been developed to further improve cycle performance when using CO 2 as refrigerant. About 2% COP improvement can be realized. 8

IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 AIR-CONDITIONER Occupant detector has

Left system can supply air at two different temperatures for two

Right system can find out best way to supply air from image sensor

Air Conditioning Area Air Conditioning Area "Air-Flow-Paths" OFF

9 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 AIR-CONDITIONER Occupant detector has been developed. Left system can supply air at two different temperatures for two separate occupants. Right system can find out best way to supply air from image sensor analysis. Using this, 24% energy saving can be realized. Air Conditioning Area Air Conditioning Area "Air-Flow-Paths" OFF "Air-Flow-Paths" ON "Air-Flow-Paths" OFF ON Foot Temperature Setting Temperature Electric Energy per one hour Wh 97Wh Effect of Power Saving 24.4% 9

IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 GAS ENGINE HEAT PUMP Gas engine driven heat pump (GHP) is widely used in Japan. Latest system can supply electricity when electric supply stops.

10 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 GAS ENGINE HEAT PUMP Gas engine driven heat pump (GHP) is widely used in Japan. Latest system can supply electricity when electric supply stops. New refrigerant leak detect method is developed. This system can be driven only by stable waste heat of gas engine without any load. From this stable driving, refrigerant leak can be easily detected. 14 Expansion Valve Condenser Compressor Gas Engine City gas Sub-cool of refrigerant [ ] エンジン回転数 : 定格エンジン回転数 : 最大 11% 1% 9% 8% 7% Refrigerant charge Evaporator Waste heat 1

We are developing a 16 o C steam generating heat pump system For this system, we optimized cycle and components

11 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 HEAT PUMP STEAM GENERATOR A very compact 12 o C steam generator heat pump system with a heat capacity of approximately 3 kw was developed. We are developing a 16 o C steam generating heat pump system For this system, we optimized cycle and components using a theoretical analysis and experiment. 1 4 T Pressure kpa 1 3 膨張弁開度 1 パルス 11 パルス 12 パルス 13 パルス 14 パルス 1 パルス BUTANE Specific enthalpy kj/kg

Hybrid system that consists of this chiller and a desiccant

12 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 CENTRIFUGAL CHILLER A centrifugal chiller whose refrigerant is H2O was developed. Hybrid system that consists of this chiller and a desiccant dehumidification system is developed for subway station. 4% performance improvement will be expected. 冷却除湿 12 12

13 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 ABSORPTION TECHNOLOGIES SE/DL cycle has been developed. This cycle can be driven by wider glide of heat sources. This system can use lower grade heat sources. 13

IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 ABSORPTION TECHNOLOGIES Factories normally use an 8 kgf/cm 2 steam piping network to supply steam at a temperature of approximately 18 o C.

14 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 ABSORPTION TECHNOLOGIES Factories normally use an 8 kgf/cm 2 steam piping network to supply steam at a temperature of approximately 18 o C. To realize 18 o C steam generation, we developed double-lift and triple-stage absorption heat transformers. 18 o C steam generation from 88 o C was realized with practical system. 14 % 4% % 6% Refrigerant temperature T R o C % o 14

IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 SIMULATION TECHNOLOGIES Expansion Valve Condenser Evaporator Indoor Fan Outdoor Fan Expansion valve Evaporator Accumulator Heat exchanger Reversing Valve Compressor

15 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 SIMULATION TECHNOLOGIES Expansion Valve Condenser Evaporator Indoor Fan Outdoor Fan Expansion valve Evaporator Accumulator Heat exchanger Reversing Valve Compressor Expansion valve Compressor Expansion valve Condenser Compressor input kw Cooling capacity Q EVA1 kw Cooling capacity Q EVA2 kw Cooling capacity Q EVA3 kw Cooling capacity Q EVA4 kw Cooling capacity kw Energy flow +M is a general purpose energy system analysis simulator we developed. Steady and unsteady calc. of almost every type of heat pump compression, absorption, adsorption can be realized. Japan refrigeration and air conditioning industrial association (JRAIA) adopt our simulator as common calculation tool to predict the cycle performance of heat pump with various refrigerants. COP Time t s Accumulator 1

16 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 SIMULATOR ENERGY FLOW+M Cond. Controller Exp. Comp. Accum. Eva

IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 DYNAMICS OF VRF Expansion valve Evaporator Accumulator Heat exchanger Expansion valve Compressor Expansion valve Condenser Compressor input kw Cooling capacity Q EVA1 kw

17 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 DYNAMICS OF VRF Expansion valve Evaporator Accumulator Heat exchanger Expansion valve Compressor Expansion valve Condenser Compressor input kw Cooling capacity Q EVA1 kw Cooling capacity Q EVA2 kw Cooling capacity Q EVA3 kw Cooling capacity Q EVA4 kw Cooling capacity kw COP Time t s Fig. Dynamics of VRF 17 Dynamic interaction of VRF system can be calculated

IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 GHP CALCULATION Cooling

2 1.8.6.4.2.4.6.8 1 1.2 1.4Outdoor fan rotational speed - 1.

2 2Outdoor fan rotational speed - 1 1.4.6.8 1 1.

18 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 GHP CALCULATION Cooling capacity - Gas input - Pressure P COM I kpa Outdoor fan rotational speed Outdoor fan rotational speed Outdoor fan rotational speed - Fig. Performance calc. of Gas engine heat pump 18

IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 MULTI PHYISICS SIMULATION Heat pump cycle Indoor temp.

19 kg/s R41A 4 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 比エンタルピ kj/kg 室内温度 27 制御出力 ( 圧縮機回転数 ) 室内温度 26 4 2 3 24 2 室内温度設定値 23 1 室内温度平均 22-1 1 2 3 4

間 min 膨張弁開度 pulse 上面図 (A-A 面 )_ 温度分布 26 設定定常時 B Sensor : 26.1 B 22.4 24.6 室外機 23. 23. 27.4 側面図 (B-B 面 )_ 温度分布 26.7 24.

19 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 MULTI PHYISICS SIMULATION Heat pump cycle Indoor temp. control Super-heat control 圧力 kpa 室内温度設定 24, 冷媒流量.73 kg/s 室内温度設定 26, 冷媒流量.19 kg/s R41A 比エンタルピ kj/kg 室内温度 27 制御出力 ( 圧縮機回転数 ) 室内温度室内温度設定値 23 1 室内温度平均時間 min 圧縮機回転数 rps 過熱度過熱度制御出力 ( 膨張弁開度 ) 過熱度設定値時間 min 膨張弁開度 pulse 上面図 (A-A 面 )_ 温度分布 26 設定定常時 B Sensor : 26.1 B 室外機側面図 (B-B 面 )_ 温度分布 A A 室内機部屋側面図 (B-B 面 )_ 気流分布 m/ s.27m/s.18m/s.17m/s.4m/s.8m/s.16m/s.11m/s.29m/s.6m/s.27m/s Temperature and humidity distribution 19 19

20 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 SIMULATION TECHNOLOGIES R6a drop-in calc. and experiment are carried out. Result show that under rated conditions, electricity consumption was greatly decreased, but cooling capacity was also decreased. Enery saving can t be realized only by drop-in. Theoretical analysis R41A R6a Evaporation temperature, 1. Condensation temperature, 4. Sub cooled temperature,. Super heat temperature,. Electric input E kw R 41A(Rated cooling) HC 6a(Rated cooling) R 41A HC 6a Adiabatic efficiency,- 1. Theoretical COP, COP Compressor inlet specific volume, m 3 /kg Evaporator specific enthalpy difference, kj/kg Refrigerant flow rate per unit of cooling capacity, kg/(s kw) Pressure drop ΔP EVA kpa Cooling capacity Q kw

IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 CONCLUDING REMARKS I introduced the latest heat

The progress of these heat pump technologies is very slow compared to computer,

I think that this slow progress continues.

21 IEA Heat Pump Conference 217 CONCLUDING REMARKS I introduced the latest heat pump technologies in Japan. The progress of these heat pump technologies is very slow compared to computer, electrical and electronic technologies. I think that this slow progress continues. However, we need to steadily improve technologies of heat pumps for new applications, ZEB, smart grid and so on. We will do our best to spread heat pump technologies throughout the world. Moving air-conditioner 21

RESEARCH ON NATURAL REFRIGERANTS IN JAPAN. WASEDA UNIVERSITY Kiyoshi SAITO

RESEARCH ON NATURAL REFRIGERANTS IN JAPAN. WASEDA UNIVERSITY Kiyoshi SAITO RESEARCH ON NAURAL REFRIGERANS IN JAPAN WASEDA UNIVERSIY Kiyoshi SAIO INRODUCION In Japan, we have the highest level technologies for natural refrigerant use in the world. CO2 Residential heat pump water