Auckland Water End-Use Study

Transcription

1 Auckland Water End-Use Study Monitoring of residential water end-use Matthias Heinrich and Hans Roberti, BRANZ

2 Overview Introduction Methodology Basic Results Analysis water efficiency & saving potential Conclusion

3 Auckland water supply

4 Source: Watercare Services Ltd, Three Waters final 2008 strategic plan Auckland s water demand Population Growth single most important driver of urban water demand about 310 L/p/d

5 Source: Watercare Services Ltd, Three Waters final 2008 strategic plan Meeting water demand Traditional approach: increase supply

6 Source: Watercare Services Ltd, Three Waters final 2008 strategic plan Meeting water demand Postpone investments by water demand management

7 Residential water use Addressing water efficiency in households. How do Aucklanders use water at home? How water-efficient are their homes? supply litres of A-grade drinking water in 2007 in Auckland Residential consumption : 192 L/p/d 62 % residential use by users all Auckland households end use? distribution

8 Study approach Study Questions How do Aucklanders use water at home? How water-efficient are their homes? Where in the house can most water be saved? Monitor water end-use in houses throughout Auckland Assess 51 households living in houses (no apartments) Collection of demographic data of each household Collection of water-using-appliances in each home Collection of water end-use data in each house Over period in the summer and the winter

9 51 homes Sample selection Distribution of houses over Local Network Operators (LNO s) according Weight function based on number of serviced town houses in area With Minimum of 2 buildings in area of small LNO s 2 9 Mailing Mailing to set of random addresses per area 10% reply rate assumed, which was sufficient

10 Measurement technique Method developed in WEEP study 16 Houses on the Kapiti Coast Installation of Extra Water Meter with high-rate pulse output Autonomous dedicated BRANZ pulse-logger Monitoring in Summer / Winter

11 House characteristics Survey of water end-use options in homes Counting and identification of taps, showers, toilets,... Make inventory of all equipment washing machine, dish washers... Fingerprint appliances Make time-defined record of appliance use signals Household questionnaire

12 Getting End-uses Deconvolution of pulse signal in end-uses Trace Wizard 4.0 Water Use Analysis Software Calibration of software with fingerprint House end-use fingerprint Pulse data Trace Wizard Software End Use data

13 Demographic Data AWUS : 2.7 pers./h Census : 2.9 pers./h.

14 Average Litres / hour Average Litres/hour Daily use profile Weekday SUMMER WINTER :00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 00:00 Time of day Weekend SUMMER WINTER :00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 00:00 Time of day AWUS

15 Daily Volume per person

16 Daily Peak Demand

17 Water end-use Summer average end-use distribution per household OUTDOOR 18% Leaks 2.6% Tap 11.9% Bathtub 1.4% Dishwasher 1.4% Toilet 16.7% Shower 26.4% Washing machine 21.3%

18 Water end-use Winter average end-use distribution per household

19 Outdoor uses 17% during summer (6% winter) Swimming pool = high users High outdoor Tend to be same homes Small number of homes

20 Water Efficiency WELS : Water Efficiency Labeling Scheme Consumer guidance with product rating and labeling of water appliances on their water use taps toilets urinals showers washing machines dishwashers

21 Shower 0.9 showers / person per day Duration: 6.6 min (7 min) Flow Rate: 8.1 Lpm (8 Lpm) Effect of using low pressure

22 Washing machine Ave. 0.8 loads/day (0.35 loads/person/day) 122 Litres/load

23 Washing machine cont. 122L/load top loaders Options get everybody a front loader 100L/load % in regional water demand 80L/load % in regional water demand 60L/load % in regional water demand

24 Toilets Ave. 5 flushes/person/day Ave volume of 6.7 Litres/flush

25 Toilets cont 6.7L/flush 0 star toilet Even though most were dual flush. Options better toilets 1 star (5.0L/flush) - 2.7% 2 star (4.3L/flush) - 3.9% 3 star (3.8L/flush) - 4.7% 4 star (3.3L/flush) - 5.5% 5 star (2.8L/flush) - 6.3% 6 star (2.3L/flush) - 7.1% in regional water demand

26 Indoor Taps

27 Leaks Small number of homes Example 200,000 L in one month Equivalent with small swimming pool -> 5m x 10m x 2m Leaks Large effect on individual home

28 Evaluation of water saving options Toilets & Washing machine = big saving opportunities Up to 14% of Auckland s water use Low flow shower heads high savings in individual homes Taps already efficient use Leaks high savings in individual homes

29 Conclusion We have performed a detailed survey of water end-use in an appropriate selection of Auckland Households We have identified and quantified effects of water saving options in households for stakeholders

30 Thank you Any questions?