Sanitation & Housekeeping

Transcription

1 Sanitation & Housekeeping Miami-Dade County Public Schools in Conjunction with Florida School Plant Management Association, Inc. Present Safety in Schools Manual III

2 FSPMA Mission Statement F.S.P.M.A., Florida School Plant Management Association, was organized and established in 1960 with three (3) main objectives. FIRST, to determine the nature, extent and quality of non-instructional services required for the educational program, and to promote the development of these services by establishing the acceptable policies, standards, and practices. SECOND, to develop a working relationship with school administrators, managers, non-instructional, and instructional personnel, to foster programs through adequate facilities and environment. THIRD, to promote the professional advancement of school plant maintenance, operation, safety, energy management and environment.

3 What is FSPMA dedicated to? The exchange of information and ideas among school districts, community colleges and universities for the purpose of improving school plant management, maintenance and care through the promotion of acceptable policies, standards and practices; and to promote the professional advancement of school plant management personnel.

4 Plant Operations SW 84th Street Miami, FL

5 Mission The Mission of the Department of Plant Operations is to serve as the professional custodial consultant to school site personnel and provide support that will ensure our District facilities are clean, safe and sanitary for our students, faculty and visitors. Our primary functions are as follows: Perform yearly Sanitation Audits Provide management and custodial training Develop custodial standards and cleaning protocols Perform Custodian Allocation Surveys Provide Job Assignments Perform and assist schools with organizing Cleaning Schedules and Standards in order to ensure a satisfactory grade during the Sanitation Audit Supply District custodians with I. D. badges Assist with Disciplinary process Assist with Custodial selection during the interview process Serves as the Emergency Response Team

6 What are sanitation and housekeeping? In schools, sanitation is that type of cleaning designed to provide a safe, healthy learning environment. Housekeeping covers tasks done to improve the appearance and usefulness of an area. In this manual, both sanitation and housekeeping will be discussed.

7 Sanitation and Housekeeping Help make schools a healthy, safe place. Provide an attractive, productive workplace. Lengthen the useful life of the school plant and its furnishings.

8 What is the custodian s role? School custodians are vital to all sanitation and housekeeping activities in the school. Their tasks hold the greatest responsibility in this area. These tasks can have immediate, visible results and a long-range impact on the health of everyone in the schools, homes and county. Personal satisfaction in sparkling clean rooms is one reward of the custodian s efforts. In addition, these efforts are essential for achieving the goals set by local health entities.

9 Housekeeping Includes the removal of dirt, grime, and trash from building areas. Elimination of potential sources for biological growth. Elimination of odors. NOTE: Cleaning of all types of floor surfaces is also part of housekeeping and sanitation. However, it plays such an important part, it is covered in a separate manual in this series.

10 Housekeeping Definitions Random Definitions: Bacteria - Tiny living things that can only be seen under a microscope. They often cause disease, live and multiply in stale water, filth, dirt, and rotting material. Biodegradable - A substance that is easily decomposed into a harmless byproduct for the environment. Concentrate - An undiluted fluid. (Note: Most concentrates have water removed for weight purposes) Corrosion - Eating or wearing away slowly by chemical action, an example is rusting. (One reason for deleting bleach).

11 Disinfectant - Anything that kills bacteria that can cause infections. Usually the word disinfectant means the same thing as germicide, or bactericide. Dispersion - The breaking up of dirt into very small particles and spreading them around. Emulsion - Tiny drops of grease, fat, or oil; evenly mixed and suspended in water. Emulsifier - Product made to remove oil, fat or greasy substances. Fungi - Plant like organisms, that are not green, such as mushrooms. Fungicide - A substance for killing mold, athlete s foot, mildew, and toadstools. Germ - A tiny living thing that can cause disease. Some germs are bacteria, molds, fungi, and virus. Germicide - A substance for killing germs.

12 IAQ - Indoor Air Quality Impervious - Not allowing penetration or passage, not capable of being affected or disturbed. Inert Ingredients - Those ingredients in a product which do not have an active part in the product s main job. They are either a carrier for the active ingredients or to add bulk. IPM - Integrated Pest Management Microbe and Micro-organism - Words for small living things that can be seen only under a microscope. Bacteria are microbes. Mold and Mildew - Types of fungi that grow on moist surfaces. They are unsightly and can cause odor.

13 Sanitize: Removal or neutralization of materials injurious to human health. Soluble: Able to dissolve. Salt is soluble in water. Solvents: Strong chemicals that clean by dissolving action. They are good for some uses. However, they require expert handling and are often a fire and health hazard. Even small amounts will completely destroy painted walls, floor tile and a great many plastics. Synthetic Detergents: Chemicals derived from petroleum products and man created materials. Synthetic detergents are replacing many of the soaps for cleaning jobs. Sterilize: To kill all living things. (Just seeing if you are still with me.) Complete sterilization is very difficult to achieve. Suspension: Holding of dirt particles up in a cleaning solution and not allowing them to settle into it. Vitreous: A substance that is glossy. Most sinks, commodes, and urinals found in school are made of vitreous china.

14 Cleaning and Housekeeping - Equipment Choosing the right equipment for the task, using it properly, storing and maintaining it properly can save time, effort and money. Sprayers Brushes Micro-fiber cloths or scrub pads Floor tools We will cover most floor and carpet care in Manual IV Floor and Carpet Care for Schools.

15 MDCP-S Cleaning Agents Germicide Cream Cleaner Hydro Degreaser Floor Finish Removal

16 Housekeeping Cleaning Agents Many of the sanitation tasks of the school custodian fall within state and local regulations. These regulations include statements about such matters as the frequency of cleaning critical areas. Dirt can be defined as dust mixed with something, such as water or oil, which causes it to stick to a surface. Dirt removal consists of loosening this bond and then removing the loosened residue. This unlocking of the dirt may be accomplished with different cleaning agents.

17 Housekeeping Cleaning Agents continued Points to consider when selecting cleaning materials: Strength: Does it have the necessary cleaning power? Labor: Is it quick and easy to use? Cost: Is the product economical? Safety: Can it be used on surfaces and hands?

18 Housekeeping - Tools, Equipment and Supplies Selecting the proper cleaning tools will determine the effectiveness of cleaning and the ease with which the task is accomplished. A list of custodial housekeeping supplies and equipment considered useful in cleaning a school: Custodial cart - vacuum cleaners, brooms, mops, bucket and wringers, microfiber cleaning cloths and dusters, scrub pads, counter brush and dustpan, plungers, ladder or scaffold, hand truck, dolly, waste containers, putty knife, funnels, measuring cups, dispensers, metal or wood furniture polish, caulking, insecticides, fungicides, bactericides, algaecides and other cleaning agents. Note: Don t forget your PPE!!

19 Housekeeping - Soils and Surfaces Greases and oils account for the more common types of soils. They range from industrial fumes, cooking fumes and body oils, to actual lubricating greases and oils. Some are very thin in consistency while others are almost solid. Consistency depends on the other soils mixed with them and their temperature at the time.

20 Housekeeping - Soils and Surfaces Oily type soils are generally of two (2) categories; (1) petroleum or mineral oil type, and (2) vegetable or animal type. Petroleum types are generally inert or resistant to combination with most chemicals. Removing this type of soil requires a physical action such as emulsification, suspension, or even physical attack with mechanical agitation, as with a scrub brush. Higher temperatures tend to soften oily types of soil and make removal easier. However, temperatures that are too high may damage some surfaces. Best removal is usually accomplished with a solvent or good emulsifier or suspending agent. (Solvents must be used with care so as not to damage the underlying surface.)

21 Natural Earth Natural Earth would be soils such as clayish materials, soot, dust, sand and all of the materials commonly referred to as dirt. These are usually soluble in almost anything. Therefore, they can be removed by agitation and suspension. While still in suspended form, they should be completely removed by rinsing or wiping. Scale: is usually the result of hard water or industrial waste accumulation. It may include rust, especially in areas where the iron content in the water is high. Rapid removal of scale is easily accomplished with either acid cleaner or pumice stone. Caution: When using any form of acid cleaner, be sure to follow proper safety procedures.

22 Housekeeping General Surface Cleaning Frequency There are two types of frequency in cleaning ROUTINE: Daily Cleaning PERIODIC: Usually done on a weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, quarterly, semiannually or yearly basis.

23 Some examples of ROUTINE cleaning are: Sweeping / Vacuuming Micro-fiber dust mopping Dusting Emptying waste and garbage Removing stains and spots Policing grounds Emptying pencil sharpeners Sanitizing sinks and other fixtures Cleaning tables and floor in cafeteria (if it is a custodial responsibility) Cleaning and storing tools and equipment

24 Some examples of periodic cleaning duties area: Windows - screens and sills Walls Ceilings Light Fixtures Chalkboards/Whiteboards Lockers Blinds Woodwork, shelves, cabinets, furniture and display cases Gym and bleacher seating Heating and air conditioning vents Grills and other equipment

25 Frequency of Tasks Checklist

26 Housekeeping Ceiling Surface Cleaning In cleaning an area, the most logical place to start is the ceiling. Clean the walls next, followed by the windows. The furniture and fixtures should then be cleaned, and the last general area to be cleaned would be the floor. The ceiling should be regularly vacuumed or dusted to remove cobwebs, dust, or loose dirt. It is important to vacuum regularly around the air conditioning vent.

27 Housekeeping Ceiling Surface Cleaning continued BE SAFE: Whenever it is necessary to reach something above a comfortable height, extreme care must be taken to avoid falls that can cause injuries or damage to property. Never stand on whatever is available. Use the right tools for the task at hand.

28 Housekeeping Ceiling Surface Cleaning continued When a thorough cleaning of the ceiling is required, know what you ceiling tiles are made of prior to placing any water or liquid on them. Many acoustical ceilings are not washable. For these non-washable ceiling materials, a dry method is necessary. A vacuum with soft brush attachment should be used to remove loose dust. Cornstarch, talcum powder, or other dry powder cleaner can then be applied and rubbed gently with a very soft bristle brush. (Removal of tiles can be more efficient for dry method)---make sure to replace damaged or missing ceiling tiles. SREF

29 Housekeeping Ceiling Surface Cleaning continued REMOVE THE TILE FROM THE CEILING!!! Apply cleaning solution to an area of approximately 4 x 4 making even strokes following the grain of the material. Use only enough solution to clean. Dip cloth in cleaning solution and wring dry, wipe off excess cleaner from ceiling tile. If rinsing is necessary, use only clean water. Dip another cloth into clean water and wring almost dry. Wipe the ceiling tile in the same way as with the cleaning solution. This procedure will require two or more containers or buckets and frequent changes of water. Repeat and continue until the entire ceiling is clean. It is usually advisable to clean the ceiling fixtures at the same time. Dust first, with vacuum or cloth, then wipe with cleaning solution. Always turn off electrical fixtures before cleaning with any liquid. Avoid touching hot bulbs.

30 Cleaning Protocols

31 Housekeeping Wall Surface Cleaning Routine Cleaning: Dusting with a mop or dusting attachment on a vacuum cleaner. Removing fingerprints from heavy use areas such as around light switches. Fingerprints or graffiti usually can be removed using a small spray bottle filled with a general purpose cleaner. Spray the cleaner on a damp sponge or cloth and wipe. NOTE: Don t spray the wall directly; this can cause streaks and spotting. Start from bottom and go up.

32 Housekeeping Window & Window Fittings - Surface Cleaning Horizontal blinds, such as mini-blinds/venetian blinds catch a great deal of dust and are not recommended for use in the educational setting. Vertical blinds are a better choice. Dusting or vacuuming is usually all that is necessary for keeping blinds clean. However, when they become soiled and dirty, they should be removed and washed with a detergent and water followed by rinsing and drying before re-hanging.

33 Housekeeping Window & Window Fittings - Surface Cleaning Cont. Screens should be cleaned frequently. Vacuuming will remove the dust before washing. Mix detergent and warm water, clean small areas at a time, rinse with clean water. Make sure screens are dry before re-installing. Cleaning windows and glass in most schools is an enormous but very important job, since clean windows let in much more natural light. As much as one-third of the natural light can be lost by dirty windows. Natural light is important for the appearance of the rooms and for avoiding overuse of artificial lighting (which wastes energy). Recent studies show that efficient use of natural lighting can improve test scores as much as 18%.

34 Window and Window Fittings Surface Cleaning Gather your equipment: Glass cleaning solution Microfiber window tool or cloth Bucket Squeegee Safe support, either ladder or scaffold Safety equipment necessary

35 Window and Window Fittings Surface Cleaning Cont. Raise blinds and remove everything from the windowsill. Wash glass with Microfiber cleaning tool (cloth or sponge may also be used) and cleaning solution. Go left to right, then up and down, over the entire glass surface. On the outside of high windows, a telescoping pole with hose and brush is recommended. Use a squeegee to remove the cleaning solution, either left to right, or up and down. Hold squeegee at an angle so water will run away from area just cleaned.

36 If using side to side, use a smooth single stroke. Start with squeegee straight up and down in the upper corner and stroke to the other side. Make half turn and return. Continue in overlapping strokes. The water should run down and collect in the bottom corner. If using top to bottom, move the squeegee in separate strokes. Wipe the blade with the cloth or sponge at the end of each stroke. Wipe up extra water on the sill. If the squeegee is used properly, there will be no streaks or spots on the window. A microfiber cloth can be used to polish the window if streaking occurs.

37 Housekeeping Cleaning Special Surfaces Finished Wood It is often difficult to tell whether a surface is natural wood or one of the modern synthetics such as Formica. Wood Surfaces: If the type of finish on the wood is doubtful, follow this general procedure: Dust the surface (see Cleaning General Use Areas). Spray or wipe on the polish, wipe with the grain of the wood; following the directions on the container. Buff with a clean cloth.

38 Formica/Synthetic Surfaces: Housekeeping Cleaning Special Surfaces Wash the surface with a damp cloth and mild general purpose cleaner, unless the polish used has a cleaner included. Use as little water as possible, and dry quickly. NEVER use abrasives. Be safe with furniture polish if you spill it on the floor it can and will cause a bad fall. Wipe up any drips or excess spray.

39 Painted Surfaces Most painted areas, whether oil based or synthetic paint has been used, can be cleaned with a mild cleaner. If you notice the wall color coming off onto your cloth, stop. You will need to check with your supervisor who will most likely contact Trades Supervisor for type of paint and appropriate cleaning procedures. Epoxy paints, especially the enamel mixes and urethane finishes give a durable, long lasting and easy to clean surface.

40 Plexiglas/Metals NEVER use abrasives or solvents (such as polish remover or turpentine) on Plexiglas. Natural detergent or most regular glass formulas may be used to clean Plexiglas. Test a hidden or small spot when in doubt. Most metal surfaces in schools may be cleaned with any neutral cleaning solution. Neutral detergents and all-purpose clean and shine formulas, such as glass cleaner, may be used on stainless steel, chrome, and aluminum. For heavily soiled stainless steel or aluminum, gentle rubbing with stainless steel cleaner may be used. Brass, copper and silver require special metal polishes.

41 Marble/Granite Synthetic neutral detergents are better for cleaning marble than soap because they do not leave a film or scum on the stone; and the water does not have to be softened. Marble is a form of limestone. Do not use harsh cleaning powder or acids. NEVER use an oil based cleaning treatment on marble. Note that many foods and drinks will stain or damage marble badly, such as fruit juice. Granite: Avoid abrasives, especially on highly polished granite

42 Cleaning Furniture Furniture is another periodic cleaning responsibility done on an as needed basis, or at least three (3) times a year. Mild detergent and warm water will serve for cleaning most types of furniture. If the furniture is cleaned using a wet method, it should be dried using absorbent cloths.

43 Housekeeping Cleaning General Use Areas - Dusting Dusting next to sanitizing is one of the most important daily tasks performed in a school. All horizontal surfaces are examples of daily dusting. Lockers, clocks, charts, pictures, electrical appliances and windowsills are examples of weekly dusting. Classrooms should be dusted daily as part of the standard cleaning process. A treated, folded cloth or duster with furniture polish or dust mop treatment makes an excellent dusting tool. A dry cotton cloth or feather duster does not, they merely redistribute the dust. FSPMA recommends Micro fiber dusters and cloths

44 Minimum steps and time for daily dusting (of horizontal surfaces within) a classroom: Enter the classroom and begin dusting the horizontal surfaces continuing clockwise or counter clockwise, depending on physical orientation (right or left handed.) Continue around the four walls, dusting all horizontal surfaces (Personal objects of the occupant, shall be handled on a case by case basis-check with Supervisor). * Be careful not to disregard the entire desk top or book shelf top because there may be one personal item. Move to the first row of desks and begin dusting the tops, moving to the rear of the room. When the last desk in the row has been dusted, start from the last desk of the next row and dust toward the front of the room. Continue throughout the room in this manner. Finish by dusting the teacher s desk. This method is known as the TOPS ONLY method, and is an excellent daily procedure. Most custodians should be able to dust an average classroom using this method in approximately five (5) minutes.

45 What is in Dust? An analysis of dust taken from window ledges of buildings in large cities revealed that it contained ashes, sand, animal and insect wastes, plaster, soot, brick dust, clothing fibers, hair, steel, and many microbes. It should be clear that the main objective is to remove this material, not just spread it around.

46 Housekeeping Hallways, Offices, Other When cleaning non-classroom areas follow the procedure below: Move from the door around the room, dusting all flat surfaces. Move objects as necessary, but replace them as you found them. Overlap strokes to avoid missing spots. Be aware of AC vents and accumulation of dust particulates in various areas. Dust some or all of the up and down surfaces, example walls, as time allows or the routine schedule requires. Spot treat for fingerprints on walls. Clean glass and other special surfaces as necessary. Remember the idea is to get the dust into the cloth or brush, not to spread it around. Don t leave a treated dust cloth on a surface for a long time as it may leave a mark on the finish.

47 Stain Removal The one thing to remember with stain removal is to THINK. Never be in a hurry when removing a difficult or unknown stain. What you choose to do may be worse than doing nothing, if you use the wrong substance or technique. When in doubt, please find out. No single chemical or treatment can begin to solve all stain problems. Many chemicals and substances we will address are dangerous. Always follow proper safety precautions when using them. ALWAYS Wear gloves Avoid splashing Follow the directions for the product you are using NEVER Use a mixture stronger then recommended Use substances that create fumes in an unventilated area

48 Three Basic Types of Stain Removal Absorbent - Means something that will soak up Volatile Solvents - Means that it evaporates and dissolves easily Bleaches - Means something that destroys color or pigment

49 Absorbents prevent the stain from spreading and from soaking into the surface. Examples: Blotting paper, Dry detergents, Cloths, Dry cement, French chalk, Fuller s Earth, Paper towels, Sawdust, Talcum powder Volatile Solvents dissolve a stain and loosen it so that it may be either removed or spread out to invisibility. Examples: Alcohol, Benzyl, Turpentine, Acetone, Ether Bleaches destroy the color or pigment in a stain. Examples: Ammonia, Chlorine, Chloride of lime, Household bleach, Hydrogen peroxide, Javelle water,, Oxalic Acid and Permanganate of potash.

50 Stain Removal Technique Try to remove stain before it has a chance to dry or set. Blot or scrape up the excess stain material, if possible. Apply the substance or technique appropriate for the type of stain and surface (testing on a hidden spot if possible). If the surface is damaged another substance or technique may be required. Try to begin at the outer edges of the stain and work toward the middle, to keep the stain from spreading. Check the results. Repeat or vary the technique until stain is gone. Refinish or treat the surface as necessary.

51 Stain Removal Specific Techniques Poultice - an absorbent powder made into a thick paste with hot water or with the proper liquid chemical. Wet the stained area with water, or the recommended solution for removing the stain. Make the poultice by carefully mixing the powder and liquid. Careful! Do not breath the powder dust while mixing; go slowly. Apply the poultice about ¼ to ½ thick. Allow the poultice to dry about 24 to 48 hours. It must be completely dry, not just the top. As the poultice dries, the stain is drawn out of the surface into the poultice powder.

52 Stain Removal Food Stains Chewing Gum: Apply dry ice or a freeze spray until the gum is brittle enough to crumble off. Other methods include rubbing alcohol and steam removal. Chocolate Stains - Choices: Use an enzyme if possible Or use nine (9) parts alcohol to one (1) part ammonia (Use this mixture sparingly or you may strip the color) Hydrogen peroxide may also be used.

53 Coffee Stains Dampen the spot with water and apply an enzyme as directed by the manufacturer. Or dilute one part of glycerin and four parts water; apply to the stained area with a cloth saturated in the solution. Allow soaking for fifteen minutes, and then flushing with water. To remove difficult coffee stains apply a strip of cotton batting saturate with hydrogen peroxide and over this apply another strip saturated with ammonia. Rinse with water. Check with your Supervisor prior to using this technique.

54 Soft Drinks and Tea Stains Soft Drinks: If the stains cannot be removed with clear warm water, try adding a little soap or neutral synthetic detergent to the water. Commercial ink remover if available. Or make a strong solution of powdered laundry bleach in hot water; mix this to a thick paste with powdered chalk or whiting, follow the technique for cleaning with the poultice method. Tea Stains: Use an enzyme Or use detergent or soap with water mixed with a little white vinegar If this doesn t work, try dry cleaning fluid.

55 Tobacco/Other Tobacco Use a commercial ink remover if available Or make a strong solution of powdered laundry bleach in hot water, mix this to a thick paste with powdered chalk or whiting, follow the technique for cleaning with the poultice method. Sugary Substances (For the removal of candy or other sugary substances) Clear warm water should be tried first If this fails, add a little soap or neutral synthetic detergent. Alcohol, diluted with an equal part of water, may be tried next.

56 Stain Removal Non-Food Liquid Stains Ballpoint Ink Commercial ink remover or dry cleaning fluid should remove most stains of this type. However, many good types of ink are almost impossible to remove. Try alcohol, then glycerin. Be careful not to damage the surface. Grease Stains There are several absorbents available such as talc, hydrated lime, Portland cement and other powders especially prepared to remove oil and grease stains. Dry cleaning solvents may also be used.

57 Oil Stains These stains are not difficult to remove if treated at once. If possible wipe up the oil before it soaks in; then cover the stain with a dry powdered material such as powdered chalk or Portland cement, which will absorb the oil. If the oil stain is an old one, repeat this operation daily until the stain is gone. Ordinary Writing Ink Use a commercial ink remover if available Or make a strong solution of powdered laundry bleach in hot water, mix this into a thick paste with powdered chalk or whiting, follow the technique for cleaning with the poultice method.

58 Paints, Varnish & Synthetic Dry Inks Paint or Varnish Try to wipe up the spill before it dries. If old, scrape or rub lightly with steel wool. Then use a water-soluble paint and varnish remover or mineral spirits if necessary. Synthetic Dye Inks The bright red, green and violet inks are synthetic dyes in water. Such inks contain no acids and do not etch the surface. Ammonia water or liquid household bleach when applied with a piece of cotton will quite often remove these stains.

59 Cigarette Burns, Mildew, Makeup and Rust Cigarette Burns If not too deep, steel wool will often remove them. Soap and water will make the steel wool more effective. As burns actually destroy many surfaces, this measure is usually only partly successful. Mildew Can usually be removed with ten percent ammonia. In bad cases try amyl acetate, then vinegar, then alcohol. Also, may use recommended technique for rust. Rouge or Makeup Use soap or detergent and water first, if this fails, try a dry cleaning solvent. Ammonia may also be helpful. Rust Use one part sodium citrate crystals to six parts water and add an equal portion of glycerin. Make into poultice with whiting. Allow two or three days to dry. If stain is on a movable surface, a treatment that can be used on surfaces not harmed by mild acid is o make a poultice with lemon juice and table salt and let it dry in the sun for an hour or so.

60 Stain Removal Chart An excellent quick reference sheet is provided in your Manuals on Page? and?. This may be something you would want to copy and post in the custodial working area for quick reference.

61 Cleaning and Sanitizing Sanitation Terms Sanitizing involves the reduction of bacteria levels. A minimum of 50% reduction permits a manufacturer to use this term on a product label. Disinfectant (germicide) describes a product that will kill bacterial organisms, which can be harmful. Kills most (not necessarily all) disease causing bacteria. Disinfectants are regulated by the United States Department of Agriculture. A chemical under controlled conditions must kill 99,000 organisms out of 100,000 to be classified as a disinfectant. Sterilization, generally accomplished under autoclave conditions (exposure to pressurized steam for a significant period of time) signifies a complete kill. All organisms are removed. Typically used in sterilizing surgical equipment.

62 Methods for Controlling Microbes Dry heat above 340 for an hour and a half. Wet Heat (steam) at 250 and under 15 pounds of pressure for 5 to 10 minutes. Cold, the lower the temperature, the slower bacteria will grow. Some forms of light, especially sunlight, will kill many microbes. Artificial ultraviolet light, such as the rays produced by a tanning lamp, will also work. Special filters can remove microbes from air and fluids. Friction or hard rubbing of a surface with something, will both remove and destroy microbes. Many chemicals have been used to control and destroy microbes. Of these methods the ones that are available to custodians in a school setting are friction, sunlight, and chemicals.

63 CDC The Centers for Disease Control The CDC recommends friction as the most effective means of control. In other words, old fashion elbow grease is best! Physical effort combined with an appropriate set of chemical cleaning agents and tools such as brushes and scrub sponges, are the main lines of defense against disease.

64 Other Substances for Sanitation Deodorants A deodorant is a chemical designed to cover up another odor. The source of the odor must be removed by proper cleaning and sanitizing. SREF does not allow the use of deodorants in school environments, as per the Florida Sanitation Code. (A deodorant can create a new odor that is stronger than the original one; or it can put a substance in the air, which will numb the odor sensors in the nose, so one cannot smell the original odor (or anything else). Deodorants do not remove the source of the odor or disinfect in any way). The use of deodorants is usually a waste of taxpayer s money and a sign of poor custodial service. Note: Sometimes manufacturers combine deodorants with germicidal cleaners. These combinations can be useful; and are the ONLY types of deodorant that may be allowed in safe school systems. (Check with your supervisor or administrative policy).

65 Toilet Bowl Cleaners Pumice Stone is recommended by FSPMA as the method for removal of rings, deposits and stains in toilet bowls. Although not recommended by FSPMA, some school systems may still use Chemical bowl cleaners. Most of these bowl cleaners are strong acids (usually hydrochloric) that will dissolve the deposits. When using a toilet bowl cleaner, be careful to use it only on and in toilet bowls and urinals. Toilet bowls and urinals are made from vitreous china, which will not be harmed by the acid in the cleaner. Sinks, tile grout, metal and many other surfaces can be damaged or destroyed by these cleaners. BE SAFE! Toilet bowl cleaners are among the most dangerous of chemicals. The acid can burn your skin and is especially harmful to eyes. Even the fumes can be dangerous. ALWAYS use in an area with good ventilation. Avoid splashing. Strong acidic bowl cleaners should never be used on toilet seats.

66 Germicidal Detergents Chemical elements such as iron, Sulphur, calcium, and magnesium salts are dissolved in Florida s water. These minerals cause a crust (mineral deposits) or stain to develop on surfaces and fixtures. This crust or stained area traps substances such as urine and feces, providing a good place for bacteria to grow. When this happens, especially in urinals and commodes, offensive odors are produced. Cleaning agents, called germicidal detergents, have been developed to fight germs which cause odor problems. These products combine a detergent with a disinfectant which is called a germicide. All local regulations require daily use of a germicidal cleaner in all critical areas, and that urinals and toilets be maintained in a deposit free condition at all times. FSPMA DOES NOT RECOMMEND THE USE OF BLEACH IN ANY EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT.

67 Sanitizing-Cleaning Restroom Fixtures Always put on appropriate gloves. Follow all safety precautions. Flush commode. Force water over the trap with swab or brush. Do not lower the water level in the bowl much below normal. Spray entire stool, including seat, with an effective all-purpose cleaner/disinfectant. Scrub vigorously to clean. Use pumice stone to remove mineral deposits. (Make sure to keep stone wet to prevent scratching commode surfaces.) Pay particular attention to drain, under rims and where seat attaches to stool. Use a mirror to inspect your work. Dry seat on top if it must be used immediately. If possible, leave it damp to air dry. Leave seat upright and flushed. Spot clean spatters and stains.

68 General Lavatory Cleaning Procedure Wear appropriate gloves. Follow all safety procedures. Use all-purpose cleaner with disinfectant. Vigorously scrub all surfaces. Pay particular attention to areas around drains and bases of the faucets (a toothbrush makes an effective tool for these areas). If necessary, use stain removal techniques (described later). Wipe spatters, then allow to air dry.

69 Soap & Towel Dispensers Soap Dispensers - Soap dispensers may contain liquid, foam, or powder cleaners. (Bar soap is prohibited in Educational Facilities). There are three common types of dispensers; globe, tank, or preloaded packs. Dry hand soap dispensers disperse a powder hand cleanser. The merits of the types of dispensers are discussed constantly, but it appears to be a matter of local preference. Towel Dispensers - Use of the common cloth towel is prohibited in Florida educational facilities. There must be a sanitary method of dispensing individual towels, so the paper towel is almost universal. These may be folded, pack type, or roll type. The waste paper receptacle should be placed directly beneath the dispenser to help minimize floor litter.

70 Wall Mirrors To clean a mirror: Wipe surface with Microfiber Cloth or tool with glass cleaner, rubbing smudges as necessary. Use squeegee for water removal. Clean frame if there is one. NEVER use abrasives.

71 Sanitizing Cleaning & Sanitizing Food Areas In many schools, cleaning of food areas is shared between custodial and lunchroom staff. Typically the lunchroom staff is responsible for the food preparation and serving area. While the custodian is responsible for the eating area. Occasionally, the custodial staff will do most of the cleaning in both areas. See your Supervisor for your cleaning guidelines. CAFETERIA TABLES: The eating tables in the cafeteria should be washed down each day at the end of the lunch periods with a sanitizing solution, left damp and allowed to air dry. Seats and chairs require the same treatment as the tables.

72 Floors and Walls The floors and walls of cafeterias are subject to staining and spotting both from food spilled and from grease and smoke from the food preparation areas. Failure to clean the floor daily not only leaves a place for bacteria to breed, but also provides food for pests. Some spills are physically dangerous, from the risk of slipping and falling; these must be removed as soon as possible. Floors should be mopped daily with a sanitizing solution, so that the food and drink spills on the floor will not cause odors or any of the above problems. Using warm water in preparing the cleaning solution will help in the removal of grease spots or stains (see Stain Removal Chart). Hot (120 degrees or more) water may damage the floor or set the stain. More details on floor care in the Floor and Carpet Care for Schools, Manual IV.

73 Food Preparation Area s Kitchen equipment is usually the responsibility of the food service personnel, but on occasion the custodian is required to help with the heavier cleaning jobs. One job may be to change the filters in the range hoods. If the filters are the permanent type they can be removed and soaked in a large sink filled with a strong cleaning solution to dissolve the grease, rinsed with very hot water and re-installed. In some schools the permanent type filters are run through the dishwashing machine repeatedly until clean. Toilet Facilities: Where clean and proper toilet facilities are provided, the food service personnel are more likely to have a proper attitude toward sanitary practices and conditions in the kitchen. All toilet rooms should have self-closing doors and should be kept clean, well lighted, well ventilated and in good repair. Clean these facilities in the same manner and as frequently as all other toilet facilities.

74 Sanitizing-Cleaning Other Critical Areas Drinking Fountains Enameled cast iron, vitreous china, stainless steel and aluminum are the most common upward surfaces of drinking fountains. The greatest problem exists in people placing their mouth on the spout. Cleaning daily with a germicidal cleaner and rinsing with clear water is required by SREF. Be sure to use a toothbrush moistened with sanitizing solution to scrub the spout and drain. Dampen cloth with sanitizing solution and wipe all surfaces, especially the surface around the spout. Remove water deposits and other stains with a scrub pad. Rinse with clear water and let air dry. NOTE: If drinking fountains are properly cleaned daily, the use of an abrasive cleaner is not necessary. NEVER us caustic acids on drinking fountains. Carefully scrape with a razor blade if regular cleaning does not remove scale. A small fine grade nylon scrubbing pad will help remove scale where an abrasive cannot be used. NEVER us abrasive on aluminum or fiberglass. Use the fine scrubbing pad instead.

75 Locker Areas Wipe down ledges, window sills, lockers and benches with a microfiber cloth or dusting tool. Sweep, dust mop or vacuum after dusting, then wet mop if area is not carpeted. Clean mirrors and glass surfaces with glass cleaner. Empty trash containers and re-line as necessary, clean trash containers inside and out. Pay close attention to edges, corners and baseboards. Clean drinking fountains. Wash down lockers and benches weekly with a microfiber cloth treated with an approved cleaning solution. Thoroughly clean vents, checking to see if vents work. Report inoperative venting systems to supervisor. Note: Daily cleaning will be required for shower areas. Routine cleaning four days a week. On the fifth day, deep cleaning will be required with either a shower gun or a doodlebug brush system.

76 Shower Rooms Shower and locker rooms are usually connected. They require care similar to that afforded toilet rooms. Floors of shower, shower stalls, and locker rooms, require daily cleaning with a germicidal detergent as per SREF. The walls of gang showers and partitions may become coated with oily deposits from skin and with an insoluble soap scum, particularly in areas with hard water. The Custodian should periodically inspect and clean all showerheads for mineral build up.

77 Clinic Room This room must be cleaned and sanitized thoroughly each day. The use of disinfectant cleaner is required for this area. Any sink or toilet facility connected with the clinic is very likely to spread disease unless the custodial care is exceptionally thorough.

78 Body Fluid Control There are many serious diseases that can be transmitted in human body fluids. These include vomit, blood, urine and saliva. One of the most serious diseases is HIV/AIDS, but there are many others. In any cleaning situation where body fluids are involved, you should follow universal safety precautions. BE SAFE! Always wear protective gloves. If items that have been contaminated by body fluids need to be discarded, follow the bio-hazard procedure at your facility. (This is the yearly Blood borne Pathogen training we all receive). If the fluids cannot be discarded, considering using the strongest disinfectant available for the type of surface being cleaned. Remember to cause no harm to yourself or your surroundings. Wash your hands three time once you have finished the task and have removed your gloves. NEVER touch any other surface, ESPECIALLY your own face, with contaminated gloves. Discard gloves after use in the biohazard bag or designated container.

79 Vomit Cleaning up vomit is a disagreeable job but is frequently required. A general procedure for handling this problem is given below: Protect yourself! Put on your gloves and eye protection! Wipe up as much as possible with paper towels, and dispose of them carefully (in a sealed plastic bag is best). Scrub area with disinfecting cleaner, if the surface is smooth. On a rough or absorbent surface, such as upholstery, sprinkle area with something to absorb the moisture. Sawdust mixed with scented oil, such as wintergreen, or with a neutralizer, such as baking soda is good. Let it sit for a while but do not leave the area. Use cardboard or a whiskbroom to remove the absorbent material. If any stain remains, follow proper stain removal procedures. See your Stain Removal Chart. If you use a mop, remember to discard the mop head with the other biohazard materials and do not reuse the cleaning solution. CAUTION: If you use a vacuum to pick up the sawdust, every time that machine is used the odor will be noticeable; use a broom and clean it thoroughly.

80 Waste Disposal Many districts have a recycling program, it is recommended to research and follow these procedures when applicable. There are many types of waste: Paper and Other Flammable Materials must be removed from the buildings frequently. Food and Other Solids should be removed frequently so insects and other pest will not be attracted. Liquids must be disposed of properly. They cannot just be thrown out the back door nor put down the sewer. Many liquids are damaging to plumbing. Special Disposal Problems: Many forms of waste require special handling. Fluorescent light bulbs, aerosol cans, other chemical containers, building materials that could contain asbestos, all present special problems. Check your district guidelines. If you have any questions in regards to Special Disposal Problems, call your Security and Environmental Department.

81 Waste Containers-Trash Cans Trash cans are different from garbage cans in that they hold only dry waste or trash. Garbage cans are for wet materials and food. Trash cans should be emptied daily. Under no circumstances should waste paper be collected in containers that may burn, such as wood, cardboard or plastic. Use metal or sturdy plastic containers for trash.

82 Garbage Cans and Grease Traps Garbage cans require daily care by scrubbing with hot water and sanitizing with a germicidal detergent. If the garbage cans are extremely dirty, first flush with cold water. Then fill about one third full with hot water. The sides and bottoms should be scrubbed with an old broom until thoroughly cleaned. The cans should then be drained, flushed, sanitized, dried, and returned to their proper locations. Grease Traps usually only involve custodians checking the traps two or three times a year. Be sure the lines between the kitchen and the traps are open; the baffle system is operable, and the level of the grease is well below the lowest point of the outlet baffle. Details of these operations will depend on the local installation and equipment. If a problem arises, notify the maintenance department or other designated person.

83 Pest Control Grounds Care will be addressed further in Manual VII. It is possible to maintain a school so that pests will be effectively controlled. There are three fundamental methods of achieving this control: Avoid attracting pest. This is done with good sanitation and waste disposal practiced as a general rule throughout the school premises. Keep pest out of the buildings, especially by keeping buildings in good repair. Use approved pesticides to kill the pests that do enter. AVOID ATTRACTING PESTS The basic means of preventing an infestation of insects and rodents is to maintain good sanitary standards throughout the school.