JOHN A. KENNEDY & ASSOCIATES, INC. PATRICK M. KENNEDY

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1 JOHN A. KENNEDY & ASSOCIATES, INC. PROFESSIONAL RESUME CURRICULUM VITAE PATRICK M. KENNEDY PRINCIPAL EXPERT FIRE AND EXPLOSION ANALYST FIRE & SAFETY ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIST JOHN A. KENNEDY & ASSOCIATES, INC. 7/04 CORPORATE OFFICES & LABORATORIES 857 TALLEVAST ROAD SARASOTA, FLORIDA TELEPHONE (941) FACSIMILE (941)

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Professional Background... Page 3 Expert Witness Trial Experience... Page 4 Professional Background... Page 3 Baccalaureate Degrees... Page 5 Expert Witness Trial Experience... Page 4 Certified Fire and Explosion Investigator... Page 5 Baccalaureate Degrees... Page 4 Certified Vehicle Fire Investigator Page 5 Certified Fire and Explosion Investigator... Page 5 Certified Fire Investigation Instructor... Page 5 Certified Fire Investigation Instructor... Page 5 Certified Fire Protection Specialist... Page 5 Certified Fire Protection Specialist... Page 5 Certified Gas Installer.. Page 6 Investigation and Engineering Licenses... Page 5 Investigation Licenses Page 6 Professional Societies... Page 6 Accepted Methods of Determining Cause and Origin... Page 6 Accepted Methods of Determining Cause and Origin... Page 7 Textbooks... Page 7 Textbooks... Page 7 Knowledge of Codes and Standards Page 7 Fire Science and Code Reference Library... Page 8 Professional Societies Page 8 Computer Modeling of Fires... Page 8 Participation in the Codes and Standards Making Process... Page 9 Professional Awards and Honors... Page 9 Fire Science and Code Reference Library... Page 10 Consultant to the United States Fire Administration... Page 9 Computer Modeling of Fires Page 10 Knowledge of Codes and Standards... Page 10 Professional Awards and Honors Page 11 Participation in the Codes and Standards Making Process... Page 10 Consultant to the United States Fire Administration Page 12 Forensic Fire Science and Technology Laboratory... Page 11 Forensic Fire Science and Technology Laboratory... Page 12 Fire Related Knowledge, Training, and Experience... Page 12 Fire Testing and Experiments Page 13 Fire Science and Analysis Research... Page 12 Fire Related Knowledge, Training, and Experience Page 14 Fire Testing and Experiments... Page 14 Fire Science and Analysis Research... Page 15 Other Publications and Papers... Page 15 Publications and Papers Page 16 Education Activities Involving Institutions of Higher Learning... Page 17 Education Activities Involving Institutions of Higher Learning... Page 19 United States Fire Administration - National Fire Academy Courses... Page 17 United States Fire Administration - National Fire Academy Courses... Page 19 Fire and Explosion Investigation and Related Training... Page 17 Fire and Explosion Investigation And Related Training... Page 19 Teaching Positions and Educational Activities... Page 23 Teaching Positions and Educational Activities... Page 27 2

3 PATRICK M. KENNEDY Principal Expert Fire and Explosion Analyst JOHN A. KENNEDY AND ASSOCIATES, INC. PROFESSIONAL BACKGROUND Patrick M. Kennedy is an internationally known fire, arson and explosion incident investigator, analyst, fire safety expert, educator, and author. He is a degreed with honors, fire and safety engineering technologist. He is the president and Principal Expert of John A. Kennedy and Associates, Inc., the oldest fire investigation firm in the world. With his more than forty-three years of professional experience, Patrick Kennedy is also the senior-most active fire and explosion analyst in the world. No other active professional in the field has more years of experience. For over forty-three years Patrick Kennedy has been engaged to investigate and analyze fire and explosion incidents, render expert opinions, and give expert testimony as to the origin, cause, and responsibility for those incidents. He has testified as an expert witness in hundreds of depositions and in local, state, and federal courts, at both civil and criminal proceedings, throughout the United States and in Canada. He has investigated fires and explosions which have occurred in forty-three of the United States, three provinces of Canada, and in such other foreign countries as England, France, Belgium, Saudi Arabia, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Sri Lanka, Honduras, the Dominican Republic, and in the international waters of the Red Sea. Since 1961, Patrick Kennedy has consulted on, participated in, and conducted more than twentyfive hundred fire, arson, and explosion incident investigations throughout the United States and worldwide. Among these cases are some of the largest and most noteworthy fire losses, including the MGM Hotel fire in Las Vegas, Nevada; the DuPont Plaza Hotel fire in San Juan, Puerto Rico; the $400 million Labor Day fire in Passaic, New Jersey; the Air Canada DC-9 fire at Greater Cincinnati Airport; the Philadelphia M.O.V.E. fire; the McCormick Place Exposition Center fire in Chicago, Illinois; the Royal Saudi Airlines fire in Riyad, Saudi Arabia, which killed 311 people; the fatal DC-3 fire which killed singer Ricky Nelson; the 1993 Branch Davidian Compound fire outside Waco, Texas; the 1993 southern California wildland fires; the 2001, $500 million River City Warehouse fire in Davenport, Iowa; the 2002 Chateau du Triomphe fire, Dallas, Texas; and the 2003 Station Nightclub fire in West Warwick, R.I. The author of many widely read and accepted textbooks and other works in the fire and explosion investigation field, he is well known throughout the professional fire investigation community as an innovator and as the originator of many of the commonly recognized, state-of-the-art fire and explosion investigation principles, systems, methods, and techniques. He serves on several prominent fire codes and standards organizations' committees and is quite active in the production of new fire investigation, fire science, and fire safety related codes and standards. He has served on many occasions as a consultant to the United States Fire Administration (USFA) of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the National Fire Academy (NFA) on fire investigation, fire investigation training, and fire science research issues. 3

4 As an educator, he has trained thousands of fire and explosion investigation students from all over the United States and many foreign countries, including Canada, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Korea, Venezuela, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Japan, Costa Rica, India, Puerto Rico, Israel, Jamaica, and Panama. Patrick Kennedy served as Police Commissioner in Algonquin, Illinois, from and as a Police Officer, Detective, and Bomb and Arson Investigator, for Arlington Heights, Illinois, from EXPERT WITNESS TRIAL EXPERIENCE Patrick Kennedy has given expert trial testimony on more than eighty occasions in federal and state courts in twenty-three of the United States and the province of Alberta, Canada. He has been deemed qualified by these courts to give expert trial testimony in many fire and explosion related fields, including these specific topics: Fire and Explosion Cause, Origin and Responsibility Fire and Explosion Investigation Methodology Fire Science and Technology Fire Dynamics Explosion Dynamics Fire Investigation Instruction and Methodology Arson Combustion Properties of Substances and Materials Laboratory Testing and Experimentation Materials Science Fire Protection Systems Fire and Safety Codes and Standards Industry Codes and Standards The National Fire Codes Electrical Fire Causes The National Electric Code The National Fuel Gas and LP Gas Codes Tracing the Spread of Fire Labels, Warnings and Product Instructions Design and Manufacturing Defects of Products Motor Vehicle Fire Safety Design Static Electricity Bombs, Explosives, and Fireworks 4

5 BACCALAUREATE DEGREES Bachelor of Science (summa cum laude) - Fire and Safety Engineering Technology University of Cincinnati, College of Applied Science Cincinnati, Ohio, Enrolled [Major Field of Study: Fire Prevention Technology Concentration] Bachelor of Science - Liberal Studies University of the State of New York, Regents College Albany, New York, Enrolled [Major Fields of Study: Mathematics/Physics] Bachelor of Science - Communications St. Joseph s College, Rensselaer, Indiana, Enrolled [Major Fields of Study: Pre-Engineering, Business Administration, Communications] Post-Graduate Studies - Engineering University of Wisconsin, College of Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin. Industrial Safety - Occupational Safety Management and Engineering, 1994; The Role of Warnings and Instructions, March 22-24, CERTIFIED FIRE AND EXPLOSION INVESTIGATOR Patrick Kennedy holds National Board registration as a Certified Fire and Explosion Investigator (CFEI) from the National Association of Fire Investigators (NAFI). This certification is achieved by evaluation of qualifications and experience, and by passing a comprehensive written examination, administered by the National Certification Board. CERTIFIED VEHICLE FIRE INVESTIGATOR Patrick Kennedy holds National Board registration as a Certified Vehicle Fire Investigator (CVFI) from the National Association of Fire Investigators (NAFI). This certification is achieved by evaluation of qualifications and experience, satisfactory attendance at the National Vehicle Fire Investigation Training Program, and by passing the comprehensive written examination, administered by the National Certification Board. CERTIFIED FIRE INVESTIGATION INSTRUCTOR Patrick Kennedy also holds National Board registration as a Certified Fire Investigation Instructor (CFII) from the National Association of Fire Investigators (NAFI). This certification is achieved by satisfactory attendance at a Certified Fire Investigation Instructor Training Program and by passing a comprehensive written examination, administered by the National Certification Board. CERTIFIED FIRE PROTECTION SPECIALIST Patrick Kennedy has been certified as a Certified Fire Protection Specialist by meeting the standards for education, experience, and competence, and by successfully passing the CFPS written challenge examination required by the Certified Fire Protection Specialist Board of the National Fire Protection Association. 5

6 CERTIFIED GAS TECHNICIAN In November 1998 Patrick Kennedy successfully completed the State of Florida Bureau of LP Gas Inspection Competency Certificate Qualifier Examination as an LP Gas Installer C. The LP Gas Installer C certification qualifies one for licensing in the installation, service, alteration, modification, and repair of LP gas equipment, appliances, and piping. INVESTIGATION LICENSES Under the laws of the State of Florida individuals and corporations officed in Florida and conducting investigations into the cause, origin or responsibility for fires, accidents, or injuries to real or personal property must be licensed and registered under the Florida Private Investigator Statutes. Florida has reciprocal licensing with the states of California, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Virginia. Under the Illinois Revised Statutes, the State of Illinois requires that individuals and corporations registered in Illinois and conducting investigations into the cause, origin or responsibility for fires, accidents, or injuries to real or personal property be licensed and registered under the Illinois Private Detectives Act. This licensing and registration process requires that the license holders qualify for and pass a comprehensive examination. John A. Kennedy & Associates, Inc. is licensed by the State of Illinois as an agency to conduct fire and explosion, cause and origin investigations under license # and by the State of Florida under license # A Patrick M. Kennedy is individually licensed by the State of Illinois to conduct fire and explosion cause and origin investigations holding license # and by the State of Florida under license #C ACCEPTED METHODS OF DETERMINING ORIGIN AND CAUSE He has extensive knowledge and is considered an authority on the proper application of the recognized and accepted methods of fire and explosion investigation, including the following: -National Fire Code, NFPA 921 -Fire Dynamics -Fire Patterns Analysis -Heat and Flame Vector Analysis -The Low Burning Method -The Effective Temperatures Method -Spalling and Heat Treatment Phenomena -The Pointer or Arrow Method -The Depth of Char Method -Flame Spread Travel -The V Pattern -The Truncated Cone Pattern -Explosion Dynamics Analysis -Computer Fire Modeling 6

7 TEXTBOOKS Patrick Kennedy has written and co-authored four textbooks which are generally considered by the profession to be among the accepted and standard texts in the fire, arson, and explosion investigation and analysis field. FIRE AND ARSON INVESTIGATION published by the Investigations Institute, Chicago, Illinois, 1972, FIRE ARSON AND EXPLOSION INVESTIGATION published by the Investigations Institute, Chicago, Illinois, 1977, FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS - DETERMINING CAUSE AND ORIGIN published by the Investigations Institute, Chicago, Illinois, 1985, EXPLOSION INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS - KENNEDY ON EXPLOSIONS published by the Investigations Institute, Chicago, Illinois, KNOWLEDGE OF CODES AND STANDARDS Patrick Kennedy has a thorough knowledge of all of the Codes and Standards relating to fires and explosions including the following: NFPA ASTM NIST ANSI DOT BOCA SBCC CPSC OSHA CFR AIA ICBO UL National Fire Protection Association - National Fire Codes American Society for Testing and Materials - Annual Codes National Institute of Standards and Technology - Building and Fire Research Laboratory American National Standards Institute - American National Standards United States Department of Transportation - Regulations Building Officials and Code Administrators - Basic Fire Code Southern Building Code Congress - Standard Fire Code Consumer Products Safety Commission - Consumer Products Safety Act - Hazardous Substances Act Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Guidelines and Regulations United States Code of Federal Regulations American Insurance Association - Fire Prevention Code International Congress of Building Officials - Uniform Fire Codes Underwriters Laboratories - Standards For Safety These codes and standards and many others, including various industry standards, for current and past years are contained in our extensive reference library. 7

8 PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES National Association of Fire Investigators (NAFI) Chairman of the Board of Directors Executive Secretary, National Certification Board (1985-present) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Director, Past-Chairman, Fire Science and Technology Educators Section (Director , 1996-present; Chairman ) Principal Member, Technical Committee on Fire Investigations Member, National Fire Protection Research Foundation Research Advisory Council on Post-Fire Analysis. Principal Member, Technical Committee on Fire Investigator Professional Qualifications (1991, present) Referee/Reviewer, Fire Technology, NFPA's quarterly technical journal International Association of Arson Investigators (IAAI) Member, Fire Investigation Standards Committee ( ) Member, NFPA 921 User s Manual Development Committee International Fire Marshals Association, Member (1991-Present) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Member - Committee E-5 on Fire Test Standards, Subcommittee E Forensic Engineering Member - Coordinating Committee on Flash Points and Related Tests ( ) Chairman, Task Group on Sampling Techniques Member - Committee E-30 on Forensic Sciences, Sub-Committee on Criminalistics, Sub-Committee E on Technical Aspects of Products Liability Litigation International Fire Service Training Association (IFSTA) Fire Origin and Cause Validation Committee International Association of Bomb Technicians and Investigators (IABTI) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Member, Safety Requirements for Construction and Demolition Operations" Sub-Committee A10.15 Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE), Affiliate Member National Academy of Forensic Engineers International Fire Photographers Association International Society of Fire Service Instructors American Association of Criminology National Fire and Arson Investigation Committee (1973) International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) (Arson Committee 1984) Illinois Fire and Police Commissioners Association American Foundrymen's Society National Academy of Forensic Scientists American Association of Forensic Scientists Elected as a "Fellow," 1988 Who's Who In Science And Engineering Listed in the Premier Edition, , and current editions National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS), Fire Research Sub-Committee, Reviewer Member Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI) International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO) 8

9 PARTICIPATION IN THE CODES AND STANDARDS MAKING PROCESS Patrick Kennedy serves as a principal member of the National Fire Protection Association Technical Committee on Fire Investigations that has the responsibility for writing the National Fire Codes dealing with fire and explosion investigation. This includes NFPA 907M-1988, The Manual for the Determination of Electrical Fire Causes; NFPA 906, Guide for Fire Incident Field Notes; and NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations. He is the principal author of the National Fire Codes original chapters and sections on administration, basic methodology, explosion investigation, fire patterns, safety, static electricity, fuel gas systems, and determining responsibility. He is Chairman of the chapter task group on Major Case Investigations and a member of the chapter task groups on Definitions, Fire Science, Fire Dynamics, Electrical Fire Causes, Vehicle Fires, Fire Related Human Behavior, Fire and Explosion Related Deaths and Injury, Failure Analysis, and Building Systems. He also serves on the NFPA s six member 921 editorial committee. NFPA 921 is the accepted professional standard of care for fire and explosion investigations in the United States. It forms the basis for all of the fire and arson training texts of the United States National Fire Academy. NFPA 907M, NFPA 906, and NFPA 921 have also been approved as American National Standards by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). He also serves as a principal member of the National Fire Protection Association Technical Committee on Fire Investigator Professional Qualifications that has the responsibility for writing the National Fire Code dealing with a professional fire investigator s qualifications, NFPA 1033 Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire Investigator. On numerous occasions he has addressed the NFPA general membership at NFPA annual meetings, section meetings, and Technical Committee Reporting Sessions on issues involving the adoption of various National Fire Codes. He also serves on the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Committee E-5 on Fire Test Standards, which sets national standards on the testing of the combustibility of materials. He also served on the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Coordinating Committee on Flash Points and Related Tests, which oversaw all the various national ASTM standards on Flash Points and ignition properties of various materials. As part of his duties on the committee, he is the principal original author of the ASTM code on Sampling for Flash Point and Related Tests and is a contributing author and an editor of the ASTM MANUAL ON FLASH POINT, currently being prepared for publication. He also serves on the ASTM Committee E-30 on Forensic Sciences, Sub-Committee E on Technical Aspects of Products Liability Litigation, which is responsible for the following standards: ASTM E Standard Practice for Evaluation of Technical Data; ASTM E Standard Practice for Examination and Testing Items That Are or May Become Involved in Litigation; ASTM E Standard Practice for Reporting Incidents; ASTM E Standard Terminology of Technical Aspects of Products Liability Litigation; ASTM E Standard Practice for Collection and Preservation of Information and Physical Items by a Technical Investigator; ASTM E Standard Guide for Physical Evidence Labeling and Related Documentation; ASTM E Standard Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory. 9

10 He also served on the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) subcommittee A10.15 of the A10 Standards Committee on Safety Requirements for Construction and Demolition Operations. He is a member of the Southern Building Code Congress International. The SBCCI promulgates the Standard Building Code and Standard Fire Prevention Code. He is a member of the International Conference of Building Officials. The ICBO promulgates the Uniform Building, Fire, Mechanical and Plumbing Codes. FIRE SCIENCE AND CODE REFERENCE LIBRARY John A. Kennedy and Associates maintains a comprehensive professional reference library of over one thousand volumes. The library contains works covering such topics as general references; various trade publications; fire codes and standards; safety codes and standards; industry codes and standards; federal, state, and local laws, rules, and regulations; fire science; current fire research; materials science; computer fire modeling; fire investigation; fire protection; explosions; solid and liquid fuels; fuel gases; welding; transportation; and law enforcement. The library is continuously upgraded by the addition of new works, periodicals, current codes, standards handbooks, and a complete collection of new research publications and related texts. In addition, a collection of more than 250,000 photographs, slides and videotapes of fire science, fire engineering, and fire investigation topics is maintained in our library and files. COMPUTER MODELING OF FIRES In keeping with the continuous upgrading of its fire research facilities, John A. Kennedy and Associates maintains an up-to-date inventory of fire dynamics computer modeling software and hardware. With this capability, John A. Kennedy and Associates can produce detailed computer/mathematical models of fire behavior. Patrick Kennedy was trained both at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Building and Fire Research Laboratory in Gaithersburg, Maryland, at our own facilities by NIST staff, and the National Association of Fire Investigators Computer Fire Modeling course, in the use of the latest "state-of-the-art" computer fire models. He has also completed the National Association of Fire Investigators Computer Fire Modeling Course. These models can predict room fire temperatures, flashover, smoke and hot gases layers in rooms, smoke temperatures in atriums, buoyant pressure of hot smoke, ceiling plume temperature, ceiling plume jet temperature, egress time, fire/wind/stack forces on doors, lateral flame spread, fire severity, mass (smoke) flow through a vent, volume flow of smoke, radiant ignition of fuels, volume of smoke flow through an orifice, fire sprinkler or detector response, energy needed for flashover, upper level temperature (flashover) of a room, and maximum burning rate (ventilation controlled). 10

11 These computer fire-modeling programs have been promulgated by the NIST Building and Fire Research Laboratory. Some of the models most commonly applied to fire investigation issues are: ASET (Available Safe Egress Time) and ASET-B; CFAST (Fire and Smoke Transport); FPEtool (Fire Protection Engineering Tools, including FIREFORM and the zone model Fire Simulator); and the field model FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) and its companion graphics program, SMOKEVIEW. ASET-B (Available Safe Egress Time - BASIC) is a program for calculating the temperature and position of the hot smoke layer in a single room with closed doors and windows. ASET-B is a compact easy to run program that solves the same equations as ASET. The required program inputs are a heat loss fraction, the height (elevation of the base) of the fire, the room ceiling height, the room floor area, the maximum time for the simulation, and the heat release rate of the fire. The program outputs are the temperature and thickness of the hot smoke layer as a function of time. CFAST is a zone model that predicts the effect of a specified fire on temperatures, various gas concentrations and smoke layer heights in a multi-compartment structure. It is a subsequent generation program to FPEtool. FPEtool is a collection of computer simulated procedures providing numerical engineering calculations of fire phenomena to the building designer, code enforcer, fire protection engineer and firesafety related practitioner. Version 3.2 incorporates an estimate of smoke conditions developing within a room receiving steady-state smoke leakage from an adjacent space. Estimates of human viability resulting from exposure to developing conditions within the room are calculated based upon the smoke temperature and toxicity. There is no modeling of human behavior. Also new to this release is the estimation (in the FIRE SIMULATOR procedure) of the reduction in fire heat release rate due to sprinkler suppression. FPEtool also contains FIREFORM. FIREFORM is a collection of routines designed to give fast response to specific questions. While some routines require slightly more detail than a couple of input variables, the standard routine requires relatively little effort to generate a solution. Included in FIREFORM are Thomas Flashover Correlation, ASET-B, and Upper Layer Temperature. UPPER LAYER TEMPERATURE is a fast, rugged method for predicting pre-flashover upperlayer gas temperatures in a compartment fire with a door and/or window. FDS (NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator) is a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) field model of fire-driven fluid flow. SMOKEVIEW is a visualization program that is used to display the results of an FDS or a later version of CFAST simulation. Patrick Kennedy taught Fire Modeling and Fire Investigation Practical Applications of Fire Modeling in Fire Investigation, for the NFPA at the 2002 NFPA Fall Education Conference, Atlanta, GA, November 17,

12 PROFESSIONAL AWARDS AND HONORS In 1985, Patrick Kennedy was appointed by the Standards Council of the National Fire Protection Association to serve as a principal member of the newly formed Technical Committee on Fire Investigations. In 1986, he received the Distinguished Service Award from the Eastern Kentucky University College of Law Enforcement for "distinguished service in the area of fire/safety engineering technology." Also in 1986, he was elected to his first of six terms as a Director of the National Fire Protection Association Fire Science and Technology Educators Section. In 1991, he was elected to the first of two terms as Chairman of the NFPA section. In 2003 he was again elected to as a director. In 1991, he was one of twelve men who shared the National Association of Fire Investigators "Man of the Year" award for his participation in the production of the National Fire Code, NFPA 921, The Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations. Also in 1991, he was appointed by the Standards Council of the National Fire Protection Association to serve as a principal member of the Technical Committee on Fire Investigator Professional Qualifications. He was reappointed in Also in 1991, Kentucky's Governor, Wallace G. Wilkinson, named him a Kentucky Colonel specifically for his contributions to the fire and explosion investigation and analysis training of Kentucky law enforcement and fire service personnel. He was selected for inclusion in the Premier Edition, , and subsequent editions of WHO'S WHO IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING. In 1998 he was appointed to the newly formed National Fire Protection Association s National Fire Protection Research Foundation Research Advisory Council on Post-Fire Analysis. 12

13 CONSULTANT TO THE UNITED STATES FIRE ADMINISTRATION Beginning in January 1993, Patrick Kennedy started serving as a frequent consultant to the Federal Emergency Management Agency's United States Fire Administration at the National Emergency Training Center and National Fire Academy campus in Emmitsburg, Maryland. He was selected to serve on, and be a working group leader of, the National Arson Forum Conference on Federal Arson Policy Priorities. Patrick Kennedy, along with thirty others, was selected to serve on the conference by a committee of the IAAI and USFA representatives. Each participant was selected on the basis of demonstrated expertise and line experience. Patrick Kennedy was invited by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, USFA to serve on a twelve-member Arson Forum, which proposed specific fire research testing to implement the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Building and Fire Research Laboratory "Program for the Study of Fire Patterns. This Arson Forum was held in Charleston, South Carolina, on July 17-19, In March 1994, Patrick Kennedy was selected by the USFA as the chairman of a group of five "recognized authorities on arson investigation" to serve as the research committee for the Program for the Study of Fire Patterns. The research committee sets the protocols and standards for the testing to be done on the program by the Building and Fire Research Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, oversees and supervises the testing, analyzes the test results data, and writes the program report. The report was issued by the USFA in He was selected in 1994 to serve as a consultant to rewrite the curriculum of two of the National Fire Academy's courses on fire and arson investigation. In July 1995, Patrick Kennedy was selected and served as a delegate to the United States Fire Administration/National Fire Academy, The National Symposium on Training for Arson Prevention and Control, held at the National Fire Academy, Emmitsburg, Maryland, July, 12-14, In April 2001, Patrick Kennedy was among 6 individuals who were chosen by the National Fire Academy to participate in a congressionally mandated program to evaluate and update the Fire Investigation curriculum for the National Fire Academy s residence, non-residence and Degrees at a Distance college credit courses in fire and arson investigation. FORENSIC FIRE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LABORATORIES John A. Kennedy and Associates operates fully equipped Forensic Fire Science and Technology Laboratories in Sarasota, Florida. These laboratories use the most modern and up-to-date equipment and techniques to conduct fire and flammability standards testing and fire experiments on a daily basis. The laboratories are equipped with a modern digital video taping studio and equipment designed to take, edit, and produce accurate photography of tests, experiments, and courtroom demonstrations. Our computer facilities are also equipped with the latest CAD (Computer Aided Drafting) software and digitizing equipment to produce highly accurate drawings of fire and explosion scenes, pertinent fire case evidence and equipment, and heat and flame vector analysis and explosion dynamics analysis diagrams. 13

14 FIRE TESTING AND EXPERIMENTS Patrick Kennedy has considerable experience in testing materials, products, appliances, and performing burning and explosion experiments, including the following: -Flammable and combustible liquids and vapors -Flash point and fire point of flammable and combustible liquids -Migration of flammable vapors and gases -Accelerated and non-accelerated fires in structures -Explosions -Electrical wiring -Electrical arcing and overheating of electrical conductors -Methods of fire spread -Flashover -Flashback -Ignition and burning temperatures of materials -Grain and other dust fires and explosions -Foam and other rubbers -Plastics -Fabrics -Flame spread ratings of clothing textiles -Protective clothing -Powered garden equipment -Powered hand tools -Carpets, rugs, and floor coverings -Woods -Metals -Types of glass -Smoke Alarms -Industrial, commercial, residential construction materials -Household furnishings -Oxyacetylene and Arc-welding torches, welding and cutting -Welding slag and sparks -Heat retention of welding by-products -Commercial explosives and blasting agents and supplies -Bombs and incendiary devices -Fireworks -Automobile, mobile home, RV, boat, aircraft, and other vehicle fires -Heaters, furnaces, and heating appliances -Television sets -Household and other appliances -LP and natural gas appliances and equipment -Firearms, ammunition, and gunpowders -Disposable lighters -Heat energy transfer - conduction, radiation, and convection -The "Necked Vessel Flame Thrower Effect" -"The Kennedy System" of Relative Burn Rates -Fire Scale Modeling -Computer Fire Modeling These burning and explosion experiments are conducted under strict scientific laboratory conditions in the Forensic Fire Science and Technology Laboratory of John A. Kennedy and Associates, as well as at our field laboratory outdoor burn sites. In our field-testing, actual structures, dwellings, or specially constructed burn cubicles are burned in order to investigate the circumstances of actual fire and explosion cases. 14

15 FIRE RELATED KNOWLEDGE, TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE Extensive knowledge, training and experience in the following and other fire, arson, and explosion related subjects: -Determining the cause and origin of fires and explosions. -Affixing the responsibility and liability for fires and explosions. -Subrogation investigation of fire and explosion insurance losses. -Explosion Dynamics. -The chemistry, physics, and behavior of fires and explosions. -Tracing the spread of fire. -Failure Analysis. -Computer modeling of fires. -Fire and explosion scene photography. -Arson. -Bombs, explosives, and incendiary devices. -Laboratory tests and experimentation. -Evidence photography. -Materials science testing. -Spontaneous heating of materials. -Fire Codes and Standards. -Electrical fire causes. -Flammable liquids and vapors. -Fire protection systems -Natural and LP gas fires and explosions. -Grain elevator and dust fires and explosions. -Motor vehicle, mobile home, aircraft, boat and other vehicle fires. -Railroad and motor vehicle tanker fires and explosions. -Wildland, grass, brush, and forest fires. -Cutting and welding fires. -Oil field, tank farms, and refinery fires and explosions. -Fuel oil fires. -Flashover -Burn injuries and trauma. -Fire protection systems. -The design of fire safety systems. -Compliance to fire safety systems and programs. -Products liability involving fires, explosions, and personal injury burn cases. -Labels and warnings. -Furnaces and heating appliances. -Electric blankets. -Paints, varnishes, stains and coatings. -Household, commercial, and industrial products, appliances, and equipment. -Consumer products. -Fires in oxygen-enriched atmospheres. -Residential Smoke Alarms 14

16 FIRE SCIENCE AND ANALYSIS RESEARCH Patrick Kennedy is one of the leading authorities in fire science research as it pertains to fire and explosion cause, origin and responsibility analysis. He is the author and originator of many methods, concepts, and terms used in modern fire and explosion investigation, including truncated cone patterns analysis, cleanburn, heat shadowing, the concept of effective fire temperatures, heat and flame vectoring and analysis, explosion dynamics analysis, the principle of the "Kennedy Threshold" between high and low order explosions, and Kennedy s Flashover Correlation Curves. He has supervised and participated in many laboratory and field research projects into the nature of fire and explosion development and fire spread in structures. In 1981 in Orlando, Florida, he supervised, along with John Kennedy, the first definitive experiment into the nature of the relationship between fuel vapor density and explosion damage. This experiment involved the actual explosion of a house using LP gas and the interpretation of the blast damage. This experiment, known as the "Orlando Explosion Experiment" or the "Kennedy Explosion Experiment," has become the classic demonstration of the accurate principle of relating blast damage to fuel vapor density and disproved the commonly accepted theory of that time. He is the Administrator and Chief Forensic Fire Analyst of the Advanced Fire Pattern Analysis (AFPA) Research Project, a project, begun in 1985, to produce mathematical and computer models for fire patterns analysis. The AFPA Research Project participated as a Beta site for the evaluation of the National Bureau of Standards - Center for Fire Research, Hazard I computer fire model. As such, they tested the computer predicted fire by comparing it to an experimental burning of an actual structure. The AFPA Research Project, in collaboration with the Eastern Kentucky University Fire and Safety Engineering Technology Program, conducted the definitive research into the reliability of reports of the color of fire and smoke as investigative tools. Patrick Kennedy was a member of the three-person steering committee for the original National Institute of Standards and Technology, Building and Fire Research Laboratory "Program for the Study of Fire Patterns," a proposed three-year project to study the true nature of fire patterns used in fire investigation origin and cause determination. In 1993 Patrick Kennedy was invited by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), United States Fire Administration (USFA) to serve on the twelve-member Arson Forum, which proposed specific fire research testing to implement the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Building and Fire Research Laboratory "Program for the Study of Fire Patterns. The Arson Forum was held in Charleston, South Carolina, on July 17-19, In March, 1994, Patrick Kennedy was selected by the United States Fire Administration as the chairman of a research committee of five "recognized authorities on arson investigation" for the Program for the Study of Fire Patterns. This program was a direct outgrowth of the originally proposed NIST BFRL program. The USFA research committee set the protocols and standards for the testing to be done on the Program by the Building and Fire Research Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, oversaw and supervised the testing, analyzed the test results data, and wrote the Program report. The program report was issued by the USFA in

17 As a reviewer member of the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) Fire Research Sub-Committee, he has direct input into the testing and research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL). In 1998 he was appointed to the National Fire Protection Association s newly formed National Fire Protection Research Foundation Research Advisory Council on Post-Fire Analysis. Coauthored Depth of Calcination Measurement In Fire Origin Analysis a research project into the practical use of measurements of depth of calcination of room-fire exposed gypsum wallboard, under actual fire scene investigation conditions, presented at the International Fire and Materials Conference, January Co-author of "Flashover and Fire Analysis: A Discussion of the Practical Use of Flashover in Fire Investigation," Investigations Institute, July Co-author of "A Fire Analysis Tool Revisited: Acoustic Soot Agglomeration in Residential Smoke Alarms," Investigations Institute, August PUBLICATIONS AND PAPERS Patrick Kennedy publishes regularly in various fire investigation, fire science, and fire protection related publications. His works have appeared in publications of the National Fire Protection Association, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the National Association of Fire Investigators, the International Society of Fire Service Instructors, the International Association of Arson Investigators, the International Association of Auto Theft Investigators, and others. Some of the topics of his papers and articles have included the following: Photography at the Fire, Arson and Explosion Scene. Determining the Cause and Origin of Fires and Explosions. Diagramming the Cause and Origin of Fires and Explosions. Searching the Fire or Explosion Scene. The Investigation of Motor Vehicle Arson. New Emphasis on Fire Investigation. Experimental Burning of Structures. Fire Science Analysis Research. Experimental Testing in Fire and Explosion Investigations. Bombing Incident Investigation. The Necked Vessel Flame Thrower Effect. The History and Future of Fire Photography. The Truncated Cone Method. Arson Investigator Training. The Practical Application of Physics, Chemistry and Fire Engineering Principles to the Analysis and Investigation of Fire and Explosion Incidents. Spontaneous Human Combustion, Debunking The Myth. Advanced Fire Pattern Analysis. The Philosophy of Fire Investigation. The Crisis in Fire Investigation Instruction. Common Misconceptions in Fire Investigation Theory. A Systems Analysis of Fire Protection. NFPA 921 Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations. 16

18 Acoustic Soot Agglomeration Flashover in Fire Analysis Some of his monographs, papers, and articles include: The Kennedy System of Determining the Relative Burn Rates of Materials, Three Dimensional Fire Pattern Analysis - The Truncated Cone Method, Regular contributions to the Newsletter of the National Association of Fire Investigators. Regular contributions to the Certified Fire and Explosion Investigator Bulletin. Regular contributions to The National Fire Investigator, Journal of the National Association of Fire Investigators. Regular contributions to the National Fire Protection Association, Fire Science and Technology Educators Newsletter. Author of The Arson Trap, a monograph on Fire and Arson Investigation Training delivered at the Fall, 1983, meeting of the National Fire Protection Association, Orlando, Florida, and published by the NFPA, Author of Logistics and Safety in the Burning of Acquired Structures for Fire Science and Technology Education, published by the NFPA, April Author of The Spontaneous Human Combustion Myth - Theory Without Facts, The National Fire Investigator, National Association of Fire Investigators, December Author of "The Crisis in Fire Investigation Instruction," NFPA Fire Journal, November Author of "Flash Point and Fire Analysis." The National Fire Investigator, National Association of Fire Investigators, December, Author of "The Kennedy Principle For Analyzing the Pressure Threshold Between Low and High Order Explosions, "Investigations Institute, Co-author of "The Odorization of Fuel Gases as an Aspect of Fire and Explosion Investigations," Investigations Institute, Author of "Fire Science Education in the European Community," NFPA, Co-author of "Program for Study of Fire Patterns," a discussion paper distributed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL), Gaithersburg, Maryland, August 26, Co-author (conference "working group" leader) Federal Arson Policy Priorities - Analysis and Recommendations, United States Fire Administration (USFA) and International Association of Arson Investigators (IAAI) publication, February, Author of "Fire Science and Engineering Technology Transfer to the Fire Protection Community - A Practical System Analysis Review," a monograph presented at the University Museum, Keble College, University of Oxford, England, at the international conference, Interflam '93, published by Interscience Communications Ltd., London, England,

19 Co-author of "Program for Study of Fire Patterns," a discussion paper distributed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL), Gaithersburg, Maryland, October 17, Contributing editor to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) ASTM MANUAL ON FLASH POINT, which is currently being prepared for publication. Co-author of "A Report on the USFA Program for the Study of Fire Patterns," a monograph presented at Interflam '96 at St. John's College, Cambridge University, Cambridge, England, March 27, 1996, published by Interscience Communications Ltd., London, England, Author of "Computer Fire Model Survey of Building Component Variations - An Insight for Fire Investigators into the Effects of Building Design," published by the National Association of Fire Investigators, April, Co-author of "Program for the Study of Fire Patterns," published in the Annual Conference on Fire Research Book of Abstracts by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, October, Co-author of the United States Fire Administration s USFA Fire Burn Pattern Tests report, Author of NFPA 921, Heat and Flame Vector Analysis and Current Fire Pattern Research, a monograph presented at Interflam '99 at Heriot-Watts University, Edinburgh, Scotland, June 30, 1999, and published by Interscience Communications Ltd., London, England, Co-author of NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations: Introducing the 2001 Edition of America s International Standard for Fire and Explosion Analysis, Science, Technology and Methodology a monograph presented at Interflam 2001 at Heriot-Watts University, Edinburgh, Scotland, September 19, 2001, and published by Interscience Communications Ltd., London, England, Coauthored Depth of Calcination Measurement In Fire Origin Analysis a research project into the practical use of measurements of depth of calcination of room-fire exposed gypsum wallboard, under actual fire scene investigation conditions, June 2002 and presented at the International Fire and Materials Conference, January, Depth of Calcination Measurement In Fire Origin Analysis was also published by the National Association of Fire Investigators in the National Fire Investigator, edition for Spring, Depth of Calcination Measurement In Fire Origin Analysis has been included as a component research project report in Fire Science Applications to Fire Investigations, edited by Vytenis Barbraskas, Ph.D. and published by Interscience Communications, London, 2003 Co-author of "Flashover and Fire Analysis: A Discussion of the Practical Use of Flashover in Fire Investigation," Investigations Institute, July Co-author of "A Fire Analysis Tool Revisited: Acoustic Soot Agglomeration in Residential Smoke Alarms," Investigations Institute, August Member of the IAAI Development Committee, and co-author of User s Manual for NFPA 921, published by the NFPA and IAAI, October, "Flashover and Fire Analysis: A Discussion of the Practical Use of Flashover in Fire Investigation," published by NFPA at the 2004 NFPA World Safety Conference and Exposition, May 2004 in Salt Lake City. 18

20 Fire Pattern Analysis in Origin Determination published in the proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Fire Investigation, by the National Fire Protection Association, the National Association of Fire Investigators and the British Fire Service College, June "Flashover and Fire Analysis: A Discussion of the Practical Use of Flashover in Fire Investigation," published at the Interflam 2004 Tenth International Fire Science and Engineering Conference at Heriot-Watts University, Edinburgh, Scotland, July Co-author of a paper and poster, "A Fire Analysis Tool Revisited: Acoustic Soot Agglomeration in Residential Smoke Alarms," published at the Interflam 2004 Tenth International Fire Science and Engineering Conference at Heriot-Watts University, Edinburgh, Scotland, July Co-author of a paper and poster, "Outgassing Phenomena in Flash Point Testing for Fire Safety Evaluation," published at the Interflam 2004 Tenth International Fire Science and Engineering Conference at Heriot-Watts University, Edinburgh, Scotland, July EDUCATION ACTIVITIES INVOLVING INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING Over the years, Patrick Kennedy has had the opportunity to participate in programs of study and educational activities involving many institutions of higher education and post-secondary training, including the following: The University of Cincinnati The University of the State of New York (Albany) Elmhurst College St. Joseph's College The National Fire Academy The New York State Academy of Fire Sciences The National Emergency Training Center The University of Illinois Northern Illinois University Eastern Kentucky University Underwriter's Laboratories The University of Southern Mississippi Worcester Polytechnic Institute The FBI National Academy Cape Cod Community College William Rainey Harper College The University of Akron The Catholic University of Leuvan The University of Oxford, Keble College The British Fire Service College The National Bureau of Standards - Cambridge University, St. John's College Center for Fire Research Western Illinois University Heriot-Watt University National Institute of Standards and Technology - University of Central Florida Building and Fire Research Laboratory UNITED STATES FIRE ADMINISTRATION - NATIONAL FIRE ACADEMY COURSES As part of his continuing studies Patrick Kennedy has completed the following National Fire Academy university credit courses: Fire Dynamics Political and Legal Foundations of Fire Protection The Community and the Fire Threat Incendiary Fire Analysis and Investigation Fire Protection Structures and Systems Design Fire-Related Human Behavior Analytical Approaches to Fire Protection Applications of Fire Research 19