ISO 22327: Guidelines for implementation of a community-based Landslide EWS

Transcription

1 Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia Indonesian Standardization Agency (BSN) Indonesian National Disaster Management Authority ISO 22327: Guidelines for implementation of a community-based Landslide EWS Teuku Faisal Fathani (tfathani@ugm.ac.id) International Summer School "Natural Disasters" Ljubljana, 21 th May 10 th June 2017

2 Outline Background (Sendai Framework of Action), objectives, users Existing Guideline/Standard on Landslide EWS Basic concept: Socio-technical integration 4 key-element by UN-ISDR (2006) and ISO 22327: 7 Sub-systems of Landslide EWS Implementation of Landslide EWS

3 Landslide susceptibility map American Geophysical Union (AGU) (2009) 3

4 Background It is difficult to relocate community (peoples) living in landslide vulnerable area. The most effective DRR effort is to improve the community s preparedness by implementing EWS. Warning system which mainly emphasize on technical approach mostly does not work properly due to lack of community awareness with result in poor maintainance and operation. Improve community preparedness and willingness to protect themselves from landslide disasters. Integration of technical and social system is required to support the community empowerment program for DRR in landslide vulnerable area.

5 Background (cont.) EWS implementation in the world is in line with the Sendai Framework for Action with four (4) priorities in DRR : 1. Understand disaster risk 2. Strengthen disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk 3. Invest in DRR for resilience 4. Invest in disaster preparedness to enhance response The improvement of preparedness in order to respond effectively to a disaster, by implementing a simple, low-cost EWS and improving the dissemination of information about EWS of natural disasters at local and national levels. Referring to the four key elements of community-based EWS (UN- ISDR, 2006), therefore it is necessary to develop a standardization for landslide EWS

6 Objectives Establishing an International Standard for the implementation of landslide EWS, by Integrating technical and social networks Reducing risk from landslide disasters by increasing the community awareness preparedness - resilience Community empowerment with respect to community-based disaster risk reduction in landslide vulnerable area Users International organization/institution Central and local government authority Private sectors, NGOs Local community

7 Existing Guideline/Standard on EWS Source: Rex L. Baum and Jonathan W. Godt Early warning of rainfall-induced shallow landslides and debris flows in the USA Landlslides Springer Verlag 2009

8 Existing Guideline/Standard on EWS (cont.)

9 Network of Capacity Development

10 Existing Guideline/Standard on EWS (cont.)

11 ISO 22327: Landslide Early Warning System Scope SECTION Abbreviations, definitions and terms Seven sub-systems of landslide early warning system Appendices (Informative) CONTENT Specifies the requirement for a landslide early warning system For the purpose of the document, definition of terms/abbrevation are needed Specifies all parts of the landslide subsystems in detail Appendices as explanation for the guidelines

12 4 key element for communitybased EWS (UN-ISDR, 2006) 7 Sub-systems of Landslide EWS Risk Assessment Commitment in operation and maintenance Dissemination and communication Monitoring & warning devices Evacuation drill Landslide EWS Establishment of disaster preparedness organization Development of Standard Operating Procedures Development of evacuation map and route

13 Concept of Hybrid Socio-Technical System

14 Risk Assessment Technical survey on geological conditions to determine landslide susceptibility and stable zones. Institutional survey to understand whether an established institution exist to monitor and mitigate landslide hazards in the disasterprone areas. Social survey to understand the community s understanding of landslide hazards. 15

15 Landslide hazard mapping by the community

16 Dissemination Methods and materials of the dissemination are tailored based on the preliminary data of the risk assessments The community could understand the landslide mechanisms, symptoms, and how to minimize risks Identifying the key people who have a strong commitment as forerunners in the establishment of disaster preparedness team. 17

17 Establishment of disaster preparedness and response team In charge of determining landslide risk zones and evacuation routes and mobilizing people to evacuate before the landslide occur. Responsible for operating and maintaining monitoring tools

18 Development of evacuation routes and maps The evacuation map should provide the information on: High-risk and low-risk (safe) zones; Residences, including the estimation of the number of residence in each; Community facilities: school, place of worship, community health centre, offices, market and landmarks; Streets and alleys; Locations of early warning system installation point; Alert post; Assembly Point(s); Evacuation route(s); Location of shelters. Maps need to be made simply so that it is easier to understand by the local community.

19 Description: 1. Title indicating the location of the LEWS implementation; 2. Logo of the local authorities or other relevant stakeholders 3. Evacuation map and routes; 4. Legend and important information (landmarks) including common signs easily recognizable; 5. Name of the heads of the families. NOTE: The evacuation map does not need to include the scale, but only the north direction that can be placed in the legend. The north direction may not face up, depending on the local customs.

20 Development of Standard Operating Procedure The SOP contains the procedures for responses by the disaster preparedness team and the community to the alert issued by the landslide early warning instrument. The SOP was prepared based on the discussions and agreements of each division under the direction of relevant stakeholders to follow the flow of warning information delivery mechanism and evacuation commands.

21 Level of warning LEVEL 1: CAUTION Triggered by rain gauge sensor. The disaster experts should determine the critical limit for rainfall intensity that may trigger landslide in mm/hour or mm/day. If the critical limit is exceeded, then the device will give CAUTION warning. LEVEL 2: WARNING Triggered by tiltmeter. Disaster experts should determine the critical limit of soil movement in degree ( )/minute or per hour, in the X-Y direction (N- S and W-E). If the instrument indicates slope inclination change that exceeds the critical limit, it will trigger the WARNING warning mechanism. Vulnerable groups should be evacuated first. LEVEL 3: EVACUATE Triggered by extensometer. This device has critical limit in mm/minutes or mm/hour, depending on the field condition determined by the disaster experts. If the movement exceeds the critical limit, the device will trigger the EVACUATE warning mechanism.

22 Level 1: Caution Status/alert level Caution (Level 1) Criteria/ sign Criteria: determined by rainfall measurement Sign: Yellow lamps and/or siren that sounds "caution, high rainfall" or other sound signs that show the lowest threat level or alert level or depending on the local conditions Action/response by the community The team leader coordinates with the Disaster Preparedness Team. The data and information division checks the condition of the monitoring equipment and collects data of the community, and informs the alert level and encourages preparing essential items to bring. The Disaster Response Team provides periodic reports to the team leader. Action by the local authority Receives report from the disaster preparedness team leader Checks the condition in the field and maintains coordination with the disaster preparedness team

23 Level 2: Warning Status/al ert level Warning (Level 2) Criteria/ sign Action/response by the community Action by the local authority Criteria: determined The team leader coordinates with the Receives by increased rainfall Disaster Preparedness Team. report from or slope hydrology, the disaster and landslide preparedness indications team leader Sign: "orange" lamps and siren that sounds "warning, evacuation" or other sound signs that show the increase of threat level to siaga/warning or depending on the local conditions The data and information division rechecks the condition of landslide and the monitoring equipment, and collects data of the community The team leader gives the vulnerable group an order to evacuate to the assembly point, with the help of the refugee mobilization division and the security division. The data section collects data of the vulnerable group in order to ensure that they have been evacuated. The security division is in charge of ensuring the security of the residents homes and the environment. Checks the condition in the field and maintains coordination with the disaster preparedness team Provides support to the evacuated vulnerable group

24 Level 3: Evacuate Status/alert level Criteria/ sign Action/response by the community Action by the local authority Evacuate (Level 3) Criteria: determined by increased rainfall or slope hydrology, and rate of landslide The team leader coordinates with the Disaster Preparedness Team. Receives report from the disaster preparedness team leader Sign: "red" lamps and siren that sounds "evacuate" or other sound signs that show the highest threat level or depending on the local conditions The team leader gives all residents an order to evacuate to the assembly point, with the help of the refugee mobilization division and the security division. The data and information section checks the early detection equipment and collects data of the residents in the refugee camp. Checks the condition in the field and maintains coordination with the disaster preparedness team Provides emergency support to the evacuated residents

25 Monitoring, Early Warning, and Evacuation Drill Determination of the locations is based on the identification of landslide risk zones. Installation of the equipment is done with the community, aiming to increase the sense of ownership and responsibility for the equipment s condition to guarantee safety.

26 Installation of Landslide Monitoring and Early Warning System

27 Evacuation Drill Process Desa Kalitlaga, Kec. Pagentan Kab. Banjarnegara

28 Example of the scheme of a community-based LEWS

29 Commitment of the local government and community on the O&M of the systems The commitment of the local government and the community is crucial in the operation and maintenance of the early warning system, so that all activity stages included in the SOP run well. The duty and responsibility in terms of ownership, installation, operation, maintenance, and security of an early warning system are adjusted to the condition in each location and are agreed upon by the government, the community, and the private sector.

30 Legend: UGM in cooperation with BNPB, BPBD and KPDT BNPB & UGM 2015 UGM in cooperation with Private Mining Company BNPB & UGM 2016 UGM in cooperation with Pertamina Geothermal Energy (2013) BNPB & UGM 2017 UGM in cooperation with International Consortium on Landslides (ICL-UNESCO) Myanmar (2012) Landslide EWS installation ( ) in Indonesia

31

32 34

33 How the technical system works?

34 First version landslide early warning technology ( ) Patent: IDP Patent: IDP

35 Patent: IDP Extensometer and Tiltmeter with data logger (2009)

36 Installation of Monitoring Devices Extensometer Patent: IDP

37 Installation of Monitoring Devices Patent: IDP

38 Installation of Monitoring Devices

39 FIELD SENSORS Landslide EWS Wireless Extensometer Repeater Wireless Extensometer Control Room Sirene and Rotary Light as warning devices Wireless Tiltmeter and its controller Local server for data acquisition and data logger and Receiver Automatic Rainfall Recorder (ARR) PC-based monitoring Interface for real-time landslide monitoring data on PC/web

40 Online Landslide Monitoring National Oil and Gas Company of Indonesia

41 Landslide Venerability Map

42 Extensometer Graph (10 minutes record)

43 Extensometer Graph (daily record)

44 Tiltmeter Graph (daily record) Rain Graph X - direction Y - direction Water-level

45 Warning Criteria Warning I (First Warning, Yellow) R24>100 && R24 > 250-R72 Warning II (Prepare for evacuation, Orange) ( R24 > 150 && R24> 350-R72 ) ( Warning I && ( e1 > 2mm/hour or e2 > 2mm/hour ) ) Warning III (Evacuation, Red) If ( Warning I Warning II ) && ( e1 > 5mm/hour e2 >5mm/hour ) 72 hours anticedent rainfall R72mm 24 hours anticedent rainfall R24mm Extensometer 1 displacement Extensometer 2 displacement e1 mm/hour e2 mm/hour

46 Design of Preventive Measures

47 References 1. ISO 22315, Societal security Mass evacuation Guidelines for planning 2. ISO 22320, Societal security Emergency management Guidelines for incident response 3. ISO 22322, Societal security Emergency management Guidelines for public warning 4. ISO 7001, 2007, Graphical symbols public information symbols 5. ISO 31000, 2009, Risk management-principles and guidelines 6. ISO/TR 22351, Emergency management Message structure for exchange of information 7. Cruden, D.M. and Varnes, D.J. (1996) Landslide types and processes, in: Landslide: Investigation and mitigation, Transportation Research Board, USA, p Fathani, T. F., Karnawati, D., Wilopo, W. (2016) An integrated methodology to develop a standard for landslide early warning system, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, p Fathani, T. F., Karnawati, D., and Wilopo, W. (2014) An adaptive and sustained landslide monitoring and early warning system. In: Sassa K, Canuti P, Yin Y (eds) Landslide Science for a Safer Geoenvironment Vol 2, Springer International Publishing, p Karnawati, D., Maarif, S., Fathani, T.F., Wilopo, W., (2013) Development of Socio-Technical Approach for Landslide Mitigation and Risk Reduction Program in Indonesia, ASEAN Engineering Journal Part C Vol.2 No.1, p Karnawati, D., Fathani, T.F., Wilopo, W., Setianto, A., Andayani, B. (2013) Hybrid Socio-Technical Approach for Landslide risk reduction in Indonesia, in Progress of Geo-disaster Mitigation Technology in Asia, Environmental Science and Engineering, Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, p Karnawati, D., Wilopo, W., Andayani, B. (2010) Development of Community Hazard Map for Landslide Risk Reduction, Proc. of the 11th International Association of Engineering Geologist Congress, Auckland, New Zealand, 5-10 September UN-ISDR: Developing an early warning system: a checklist, The Third International Conference on Early Warning III. Bonn, German