Availability, Reliability, False Alarm Resistance Best Practice in Fire Alarm Systems. FIRE PROTECTION OF ROLLING STOCK 2 rd March 2017

Transcription

1 Availability, Reliability, False Alarm Resistance Best Practice in Fire Alarm Systems FIRE PROTECTION OF ROLLING STOCK 2 rd March 2017

2 1. Introduction 1905 Compagnie des Wagons-Lits 2000 Rail Services International 2002 Rail Services International Austria GmbH Maintenance Modernisation FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS Restauration Page 2 / 23

3 1. Introduction 2004 Modernisation of sleeping cars 2005 First coaches in Austria with fire detection system vèrified by smoke tests in real operation Page 3 / 23

4 2. Technical Requirements Standards / Guidelines EN 50155: Railway applications - Electronic equipment used on rolling stock EN Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles Part 6: Fire control and management systems ARGE Guideline - Part 1: "Fire detection in rolling stock" ARGE Guideline - Part 2: "Fire fighting in rolling stock" ARGE Guideline - Part 3: "System functionality, fire detection and fire fighting systems in rolling stock and several national standards (UNI 11565, etc.) Page 4 / 23

5 2. Technical Requirements Standards / Guidelines - Additional EN 54-2: Fire detection and fire alarm systems - Part 2: Control and indicating equipment EN 54-3: Fire detection and fire alarm systems - Part 3: Fire alarm devices - Sounders EN 54-5: Fire detection and fire alarm systems - Part 5: Heat detectors - Point detectors EN 54-7: Fire detection and fire alarm systems - Part 7: Smoke detectors - Point detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization EN 54-13: Fire detection and fire alarm systems - Part 13: Compatibility assessment of system components EN 54-17: Fire detection and fire alarm systems - Part 17: Short-circuit isolators EN 54-18: Fire detection and fire alarm systems - Part 18: Input/output devices Page 5 / 23

6 Theoretical Availability Based on mathematical calculations such as Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) Failure in Time (FIT).. basis for the theoretical availability of the system - no guarantee! Page 6 / 23

7 Cabling structure Page 7 / 23

8 using FCAP s fulfilling highest technical demands - processor redundancy main CPU loop card Page 8 / 23

9 Two detector dependancy Using the same or different detection criteria (smoke / temperature) Page 9 / 23

10 pre-alarm / main alarm Why? Solution? Avoid panic reactions of staff and passengers following the predefined alarming and emergency concept Avoid indifference of staff and passengers in case of a false alarm Only a second or a manually activated alarm should be perceived as an emergency alarm Different tones, loudness volumes and duration of loop-controlled acoustic and/or visual alarm devices can be programmed with intelligent FACP Page 10 / 23

11 The right product for each particular application Simple application - conventional detectors in combination with simple control units NO EN SYSTEM! Page 11 / 23

12 The right product for each particular application Professional solutions 2-wire loop provides power and communication! All components looppowered and monitored! short circuit isolators integrated in every element Page 12 / 23

13 The right product for each particular application Detection devices Point detector optical detectors, temperature detector, multi sensor detectors, flame detector, ionisation detector,.. Linear heat detector Smoke aspiration... Page 13 / 23

14 The right product for each particular application Point detector analogue addressable bus components with fully digital protocol transmission to FACP detectors with - integrated drift compensation A digital protocol is much less susceptible to corruption than the analogue protocol and is to be preferred in a system which is life-critical. - programmable sensitivities Page 14 / 23

15 The right product for each particular application Point detector Imaginable reasons for false alarms Condensation Spider infestation Cigarette smoke, hair spray,.. Page 15 / 23

16 The right product for each particular application Point detector Solution: optical/heat multisensor detector sectional view operating modes operating without false alarms! Page 16 / 23

17 The right product for each particular application Linear heat detector Different technologies Not resettable short-circuit cable Resistance surveillanced linear heat detector line-type heat detector system with single detectors and differential temperature evaluation Page 17 / 23

18 The right product for each particular application Linear heat detector Line-type heat detector system with single detectors and differential temperature evaluation for a maximum of flexibility Advantages: adjustable temperature limit programmable differential temperature evaluation distance between detectors 0,5 5 m two detector dependency realisable Page 18 / 23

19 The right product for each particular application Linear heat detector Line-type heat detector system with single detectors and differential temperature evaluation ideal option for challenging applications! Page 19 / 23

20 Quality of the electrical installation The best concept and the most sophisticated technology cannot compensate insufficiencies in the electrical installation of fire alarm systems! The installation has also a direct impact to the availability and reliability! The importance should not be underestimated and therefore only qualified persons should be involved! Page 20 / 23

21 4. Technical regulations versus customer oriented functioning solutions Rules and regulations are necessary for common standards! international regulations national regulations specific knowledge of the vehicle operating conditions risk analysis verification common safety operator Page 21 / 23

22 4. Technical regulations versus customer oriented functioning solutions It is nevertheless possible to have highly customer-oriented, functional solutions, where standards or recommendations are disregarded in certain areas as long as serious proof of the same level of safety is provided! A stubborn adherence to all rules and regulations may often be the easiest way, but in some cases may prevent customized solutions from being implemented! Examples of projects with highly committed operators show that the highest level of availability, reliability, and alarm accuracy can certainly be achieved with optimum concepts in conjunction with state-of-the-art technology, in compliance with, or in deviation from, the existing rules and regulations! Page 22 / 2

23 Contact Reinhard Rössler Rail Services International Austria GmbH Domaniggasse Wien / Austria Telephone: +43 (0) Fax: +43 (0) rroessler@railsi.at Internet: Page 24 / 24