DISASTER AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN

Transcription

1 DISASTER AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN 1.0 Introduction A disaster is a sudden, calamitous phenomenon that can cause damage to life and property and destroy the economic, social and cultural life of people. Though often caused by nature, disasters can have human origins. Disaster management is the discipline of dealing with and avoiding both natural and manmade disasters. It involves preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters. Thus it is necessary to prepare a proper disaster management plan to reduce damages of any sudden events. Disaster Management means a continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or expedient for- Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster. Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences. Preparedness to deal with any disaster. Prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster. Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster. Evacuation, Rescue and Relief. Rehabilitation and Reconstruction. 2.0 The Aim & Objectives of the Disaster Management Plan The aim of this document is to serve as a ready reference at times of disasters and to assess the preparedness and filling the gaps in capacity to tackle such events in a continuous manner. 3.0 Probable disaster Expected in the proposed site 3.1 Earth quake As per the latest seismic zoning map of India, the country is divided into four seismic zones- Zone V (very high risk zone), Zone IV (High risk zone), Zone III (moderate risk zone), and Zone II (Low risk zone). About 60% of the country is prone to moderate or higher seismic

2 risk. Most parts (95.5%) of the state of Kerala fall under Zone III where the maximum expected intensity is VIII in MM scale or 5.6 M in Richter scale. But as per the past fifty years record, only four earthquakes have occurred in Kerala with more than 4 M. The Ernakulam district falls under Seismic Zone III Land slide In Kerala, landslides commonly occur in localised areas of the Western Ghats region where the slope is steep and the soil is over saturated as a result of prolonged rainfall. These events vary from events affecting a parcel of land to those larger ones with much causality. Only the larger ones with losses of lives have been highlighted and studied in detail. The smaller events also indicate landslide potential of an area. Case studies by CESS show that most of the events are of debris flow type triggered by excess rainfall and are influenced by terrain factors like slope, overburden thickness, land use, relative relief, disposition of streams, landform at micro level etc. As per Kerala state disaster management plan profile Published by disaster management authority 2% of the total area of Ernakulam is landslide prone (Table 2 page no 14) Fire It is an unavoidable accidental hazard that have the chance to occur any time and any day as per the building condition and environmental condition Floods In Kerala, riverine flooding is a recurring event consequent to heavy or continuous rainfall exceeding the absorptive capacity of soil and flow capacity of streams and rivers. This causes a water course to overflow its banks onto flood plains; which by definition is relatively flat land adjacent to a natural water course, composed primarily of unconsolidated expositional material derived from sediments transported by the related stream and subjected to periodic flooding. The study (CESS, 2010) shows that in Ernakulam district 23% percentage of total area is identified as flood prone. 3.5.Cyclones

3 The coastal areas of the state are subjected to severe wind storms and cyclonic storms. Low pressure and the development of cyclones can be detected hours or days before its damage effects start. IMD uses satellites such as INSAT to track the movement and use geospatial technologies to project the likely path. Cyclone warning is disseminated by several means such as satellite based disaster warning systems: radio, television, telephone, fax, high priority telegram, public announcements and bulletins in press. Very few studies have been conducted pertaining to cyclone hazard, vulnerability and risk reduction in the state. The proposed site is not a coastal area so the impact of the cyclone will be at minimal level Thunder and Lightning: Lightning has become a major cause of concern as far as loss of life and property is concerned. In addition to casualty to people, incidence of damage to property, mortality to cattle etc is numerous. Most of the damage to property goes unreported. The number of lightning strikes to overhead cable networks like power, telephone, television cable and the like are higher because of the larger probability of incidences to such networks spread over a wise area. Many a time s lightning affects the communication system. Agricultural loss due to loss of trees is also reported. Most lightning deaths and injuries occur when people are caught outdoors in the months of April- May and October November, during the afternoon and in the evenings Drought: Drought is a natural disaster and represents a period of 'drier-than-normal' conditions that results in water related problems. The table below shows the occurrence and intensity of drought (as per IMD criteria) in Kerala between 1871 and So far no studies have been attempted to map the drought prone areas of the state. Drought is not very well studied in Kerala from a risk reduction perspective.

4 Source: Kerala state disaster management plan profile Published by disaster management authority 3.8. Epidemics An epidemic is defined as o o An unusual increase in the number of cases of an infectious disease, which already exists in the region or population concerned. The appearance of a significant number of cases of an infectious disease introduced in a region or population that is usually free from that disease. Dengue fever, Weils disease, typhoid, malaria and cholera have been reported from many parts of the state. Mode than 132 persons died due to Weils disease in the year 2003 in the state and 171 cases of Malaria were reported in the year Management plan Disaster Management is defined as the body of policy and administrative decisions and operational activities which pertain to various stages (pre-disaster, disaster occurrence & post-disaster) of disaster at all levels. It covers the entire range of activities designed to maintain control over disasters / emergency situations and to provide a frame work for helping people to avoid, reduce the effects of or recover from the impact of a disaster.

5 The Kerala State Disaster Management Policy underscores an integrated approach to disaster management covering all phases of managing disasters such as, o o o Pre Disaster phase - prevention, mitigation and preparedness. Disaster response phase / during disaster. Post Disaster phase recovery (rehabilitation and reconstruction). The state government's disaster management policy would lay emphasis on pre-disaster activities such as prevention, mitigation and preparedness rather than on post - disaster response. 5.1 Pre-Disaster Phase (Phase of Planning) The pre-disaster phase includes prevention, mitigation and preparedness activities and all these activities together form Disaster Risk Management. Prevention: - Measures aimed at eliminating the occurrence of a disaster event and/or reducing the severity of a disaster. Mitigation: - Long term measures taken in advance which decrease or lessen the impact of a disaster on society and environment by improving a community s ability to absorb the impact with minimum damage or disruptive effect. Preparedness: - Measures which enable the government, communities and individuals to respond rapidly and effectively to disaster situations and ensure that communities and services are capable of coping with the effect of disasters The masseurs proposed as part of pre-disaster phase for the proposed project are listed below Building design precaution. The impacts of natural hazards and the costs of the disasters they cause can be minimized by thoughtful building design. A variety of techniques are available to involve in the building design in order to minimize the effects of natural hazards on the built environment. Structural components like shear walls, braced frames, moment resisting frames, and diaphragms, base isolation, energy dissipating devices such as visco-elastic dampers, elastomeric dampers, and hysteretic-loop dampers, and bracing of non-structural components will be in cooperated in the proposed buildings in tune with seismic resistant criteria.

6 4.1.2 Well planned circulation plan A well planned circulation system within the plot with emergency exit at necessary points and common assembling point will be detailed so that easy evacuation of the inhabitants during the disaster can be achieved. A common assembling point with in the plot will be clearly marked and displayed for the easy the evacuation process of the inhabitants at the time of hazard. A temporary, short and un obstructed entry and exit provision for the Ambulance during the emergency will be provided Well planned storm water management The major portion of the rainwater from the plot will be diverted to rain water harvesting pond through a well-planned drainage layout and the surplus water will be routed to road drain.the collected water will be used to meet the water demand of the proposed development Drought Monitoring Drought monitoring involving the continuous observation of rainfall situation, water availability in reservoirs, Lakes Rivers and comparing with the existing water needs of various sectors of the society, will be executed. Drought mitigation can be done through water rationing, watershed management practices, construction of irrigation structures, conserving soil and reducing erosion rates through soil conservation practices, introduction of flexible farming and cropping patterns etc Training for the inhabitants Training Programme on all level of disaster emergency management of the proposed area will be arranged for the inhabitant.the awareness regarding the disaster will be 10 times more effective than the any other mitigation measures A detailed training in the disaster management will be provided for the security officers of the proposed development Constitution of a Disaster/ Emergency management committee. A disaster management committee should be planned before the operation phase of the project. The committee is constituted by the representative from KINFRA organization and the representatives from TTBI (Technopark Technology Bussiness incubator). The

7 Committee would co-opt any other functionary of the park depending upon the situation and the type of disaster. It would also form sub-committee/s to assist it as and when necessary. The Committee will meet at least once in 3 months to review the working of contingency plan, problem faced in recent disaster and amendment modification to be adopted in future. The Committee will be responsible for overall managing the disaster situation, take administrative decisions as and when required, review the disaster plan and to inform the Government on the situation Provision for circuit breaker Circuit breaker always trip the circuit but open contacts of breaker cannot be visible physically from outside of the breaker and that is why it is recommended not to touch any electrical circuit just by switching off the circuit breaker. So for better safety there must be some arrangement so that one can see open condition of the section of the circuit before touching it. Isolator is a mechanical switch which isolates a part of circuit from system as when required. Electrical isolators separate a part of the system from rest for safe maintenance works Provision for Fire hazard resistant system Fire is hazard that is having the probability to occur at any time depending on the situation of the building and atmospheric conditions. The fire protection system has been designed based on the national building code s rules and regulation.the following system has been provided. External yard hydrant Sprinkler system Addressable Fire alarm system Portable fire extinguishers FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM :This system consists of the following pump sets at the above ground level. Pump will be as per IS standard approved. The above three pump sets are installed near to the firefighting tank. The firefighting tank will be constructed in a convenient location. The capacity of the firefighting tank (effective capacity) is considered 350 cum. The suction of the three pump sets will be connected to this

8 water tank and the delivery of the pump set is connected to a common manifold, the pump suction will be of positive suction arrangements. This is further connected to the ring mains that will be laid over ground level. The Ring main pipe is running over ground and in the road crossing area below ground with wrapping and coating. The fire piping will be of Mild steel pipe... From this ring main, at every 30 Mts. interval, stand post is taken and hydrants will be installed in these stand posts. The above ground pipe will be painted with one coat of primer and two coat of enamel paint.the yard hydrant system shall be capable of delivering a minimum 950 liter/min at 3.5 bars. The pump sets can be started either started manually or automatically depending upon the selector switch position in the control panel. The switching OFF of the pump sets will be done manual only. SPRINKLER SYSTEM: The delivery of the pump is connected to the manifold and this is further taken up to the building. A riser is taken up to the factory roof. A network of piping is installed and connected to the sprinkler riser. Sprinklers will be installed in the network of piping. Also flow switches will be connected and the same is connected to an annunciator panel installed at the pump house/ security room. The annunciator panel will have adequate potential free contacts so that the same can be used for connecting to the fire alarm panel. A system will be always under pressure and whenever any sprinkler breaks because of the heat 68 deg c, water will be sprinkled thereby extinguishing the fire. The pump will automatically start once the sprinkler breaks. The Sprinkler pipes will be confirm to IS 1239 heavy class and IS The Water Motor alarm Gong valves will be installed in all Sprinkler risers. IS approved Gate valves will be used for Upstream and downstream of the Sprinkler system Fire brigade will be used 4 way 63 mm dia male outlets, located externally near to the fire tanks and the service entry. These inlets have connections to the fire hydrant storage tank. These connections are housed in special boxes. FIRE ALARM SYSTEM: The fire alarm system consist of an addressable fire alarm panel and the same is located in a convenient location where 24 hours monitoring is possible

9 preferably in a security room/reception.addressable manual call points /detectors will be provided in the office area and beam detectors will be factory area. The manual call points /detectors will be connected to the fire alarm panel by means of 2x1.5 sq.mm cable.the panel will have the battery backup and incase of main power supply fails these batteries will automatically takes over the system thereby monitoring 24 hours a day. If any manual call points /detectors get actuated,signal will be given to the fire alarm panel then the panel will give the both audible /visual signal and also exactly gives the areas /manual call points number actuated also sounder gets actuated,alerting the people. PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS: We have considered the following type of Portable Fire Extinguishers. ISI approved Extinguishers are acceptable. Fire extinguishers are selected based on IS: SELECTION, MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Dry Chemical Powder type CO2 Type Fire extinguishers: Foam Type extinguishers: ABC type extinguishers: Fire sand buckets: 4.2. Disaster response phase / during disaster During minor disaster The facilities within the plot will be used.the disaster management committee will head the rescue services during the disaster.the disaster management training will be provided to securities of the building During Major disaster If the disaster management committee itself could not manage the disaster, they will inform to District disaster management committee, fire and rescue centre,water authority,electricity board as per the requirement and they will take over the management of disaster Post Disaster phase

10 After disaster, the emergency period will be declared within the plot.the emergency period depend on the extent of disaster and the rehabilitation time requirement.the activities within the buildings will be restarted after the withdrawal of the emergency period.

11 Annexure I Emergency Telephone Directory 1.0 Kerala State Executive Committee / Crisis Management Group Sl. No Designation Office Mobile 1 The Chief Secretary to Government , The Principal Secretary, Revenue , Department 3 The Secretary, Finance Department The Secretary, Home Department The Secretary, Health Department State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) Secretariat / Technical Wing Address: Revenue Complex, Commission rate of Land Revenue, Public Office Building, Opp. to Museum, Thiruvanthapuram , Fax: Sl. No Designation Office Mobile 1 Secretary Technical Expert Section Officer Clerk District Disaster Management Authority Sl. No Designation Office Mobile 1 District Collector (F) (R) M.G.Rajamanickam (M) 2 The president District Panchayath Eldose kunnappilly 3 The additional district magistrate The Superintendent of Police The district Medical officer for health (0484) The Divisional officer,fire and rescue service 7 The revenue Divisional officer Nodal offices Sl. No Designation Office Mobile 1 Chief minister , , , , , ( shri. Oommen Chandy )

12 Sl. No Designation Office Mobile Commissioner of police K.G. James IPS 3 Kalamassery Municipal office Aluva Municipal office Circle Inspector Kalamassery Martin C.J