For professionals, from professionals

Transcription

1 1 Seminar Plant Breeder s Rights for innovative plant material : For professionals, from professionals Speakers: Bart Kiewiet - President CPVO, European Plant Variety Office Edgar Krieger Secretary-General CIOPORA Kees van Ettekoven Plant Breeder s Right Specialist Naktuinbouw September 18, 2006 Courtyard Marriott Moscow Centre Moscow, Russia CAMPAIGN FINANCED WITH SUPPORT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE FLOWER COUNCIL OF HOLLAND

2 2

3 3 DUS in ornamentals ing. Kees van Ettekoven, Manager Naktuinbouw Moscow, 18 th September 2006 CAMPAIGN FINANCED WITH SUPPORT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE FLOWER COUNCIL OF HOLLAND

4 4 (1) European Union Member States Candidate countries

5 (2) European Union 5 Famous for its breeding and propagating companies in floriculture Quality requirements in 25 Member States on basis of EU directive 98/56 Official inspections and accredited companies Internal EU plant passport system Extra quality programs for seeds/plants Excellent systems for the protection of intellectual property Rights

6 (3) World leading propagators in EU 6 Main countries: Netherlands, Germany, UK, Denmark, Italy, France Fides, Florensis, PAC Elsner, Ball, Anthura, Innovaplant, Yoder, Floranova, Fischer, Benary, Daenfeld, SBW International, Syngenta, Royal van Zanten, Lazeri, Barbaret et Blanc, Danelite Production of seeds and cuttings in worldwide locations (East Africa, Brasil, Mexico, Far East)

7 (3) Authorities 7 Plant protection services of the member states Specific quality inspection agencies f.e. Naktuinbouw, Netherlands, SOC, France, OMMI, Hungary etc. Plant Breeders Rights systems f.e. CPVO and National PBR authorities.

8 8 (4) Example: Naktuinbouw Netherlands Inspection Service for Horticulture More than 60 years experience in: Inspections, Laboratories, Variety testing Official Body under the full authorization by Dutch Ministry of Agriculture 200 employees / 40 inspectors

9 (5) Example: Naktuinbouw registered producers horticultural seeds/plants in the Netherlands Phytosanitary inspections under supervision and auditing/monitoring Plant Protection Service ISO 9001 : 2000 certified, DUS tests ISO accredited Seed lab ISTA accredited Active in international organizations ISHI/EPPO

10 10 (6) Plant Breeders Rights: The exclusive right for a breeder to exploit his variety and to earn back his breeding investment through royalties Ornamentals in the Netherlands 25% NL through the Board for plant varieties 75% EU through CPVO

11 11 (7)Applications ornamentals in the Netherlands National EU Total

12 12 (8) Applications per species group Total 970 Rose 100 Pot plants 240 (100 Orchids) Gerbera 60 Lily 95 Carnation 70 Tulip 40 Alstroemeria 30 Freesia 15 Other cut flowers 200 Outdoor species 130

13 (9) Plant Breeders Rights 13 Dutch Seedlaw according to UPOV 1991 (same as the Russian Federation) Member of UPOV since 1968 UPOV principles are being followed for national PBR CPVO protocols are being followed for Community applications

14 (10) DUS as basis for PBR 14 Distinctness: A variety can be distinguished from any other plant grouping by the expression of at least one of the said characteristics. Uniformity Uniformity is assessed on the basis of a variety being sufficiently uniform in its relevant characteristics, Stability: A variety is deemed to be stable if its relevant characteristics remain unchanged after repeated propagation,

15 15 (11) Distinctness: Must be clearly distinguishable from any other variety whose existence is a matter of common knowledge How to manage varieties of common knowledge: Expertise of own staff members, Descriptions of existing varieties, living plant collections, Own photodatabes, External databases such as Plantscope, Botanical gardens Walking reference collections, Information from the industry International cooperation

16 (11a) Living plant collection: 16

17 (11b) Living plant collection Tulip 17

18 (11b) expertise of own staff members 18

19 (11c) Photostudio 19

20 (11d) Living reference collection 20

21 (11e) Living Reference collection 21

22 (11f) Photodatabase lily 22

23 (11g) Photodatabase Carnation

24 24 (12) Distinctness: The candidate variety is described and compared with the closest varieties Characteristics defined by UPOV guidelines and CPVO protocols: Expertise of own staff members, Descriptions of existing varieties, living plant collections, Own photodatabes, External databases such as Plantscope, Botanical gardens Walking reference collections, Information from the industry

25 (13) UPOV Guideline VII. Table of Characteristics/Tableau des caractères/merkmalstabelle/tabla de caracteres 25 Stage 1) Stade 1) Stadium 1) Estado 1) English français deutsch español Example Varieties Exemples Beispielssorten Variedades ejemplo Note/ Nota Leaf: intensity of green color Feuille: intensité de la couleur verte Blatt: Intensität der Grünfärbung Hoja: intensidad del color verde light claire hell claro Baldo, Lemont 3 medium moyenne mittel medio Bahia 5 dark foncée dunkel oscuro Arborio, Puntal Leaf: distribution of anthocyanin coloration Feuille: distribution de la pigmentation anthocyanique Blatt: Verteilung der Anthocyanfärbung Hoja: distribución de la pigmentación antociánica absent absente fehlend ausente Bahia, Thaibonnet 1 on tips only seulement au sommet nur an der Spitze sólo en el extremo 2 on margins only seulement en bordure nur an den Rändern sólo en los márgenes 3 in blotches only seulement en taches nur in Flecken sólo en manchas 4 uniform uniforme einheitlich uniforme 5

26 (13a) Chars Potato lightsprouts

27 (13b Chars) Grasses; hairyness

28 (13c) Chars. Carnation color distribution on petal

29 (13d)Lily: tepal: undulation of margin 29

30 (13e)Hypericum: plant: habit

31 (13f)Lily: tepal: spots 31

32 (13g)Amaryllis: flower: type

33 (13h)Tulip: number of leaves

34 (13i)Carnation: stem: total length of 7 internodes 34 6-x 6-x

35 (13j) Chars. Guzmania plant size 35

36 (13k) Observations in the field 36

37 (13l) Observations 37

38 (13m) Measuring 38

39 (13n)Gerbera: diameter 39 13

40 (13o) Diameter flowerbud 40 29

41 (13p) Measuring the smell 41 16

42 42 (13q) Gerbera: measuring color using RHS color chard 31

43 (13r) Describing characteristics 43

44 (14) Uniformity 44 A variety must be sufficiently uniform in its relevant characteristics, subject to the variation that may be expected from the particular features of its propagation

45 (15) Uniformity 45 General It is necessary to take into account: the genetic structure the mode of propagation The acceptable variation depends on the breeding system Two strategies are applied (1) counting the number of off-types (vegetatively propagated varieties, self-pollinated varieties) (2) use of relative uniformity (cross-pollinated varieties)

46 46 (16) Uniformity Uniformity of candidate varieties of self-pollinated and vegetatively propagated species is normally assessed on a basis of the number of off-types recorded in tests. How many off-types should we accept? The individual Test Guidelines fix for each crop: the population standard (percentage of off-types to be accepted if all individuals of the variety could be examined) the acceptance probability (probability of correctly accepting that a variety is uniform)

47 (17) Uniformity 47 According to the size of the sample examined, statistical tables give the maximum number of off-types tolerated in that give samples e.g.: population standard = 1% and acceptance probability = 95% Sample size Number of off-types allowed

48 (17a) Uniformity: Alstroemeria 48

49 (18) Stability 49 Relevant characteristics must remain unchanged after repeated propagation or, in the case of a particular cycle of propagation, at the end of each such cycle

50 (18a) Stability: Dracaena 50

51 (19)Novelty 51 For NL: An application may not have been marketed longer than one year in NL or four years outside NL.

52 52 (20)Technical Questionnaire (TQ) Basis for selecting comparing varieties. Training applicants to get correct information Standardised TQ s needed between UPOV Member States. Photographs can be very usefull particularely in ornamentals

53 (21)Material to be tested 53 Good communication needed with applicants in order to receive the good material in the right time and development stage.

54 (21a) Receipt of material to be tested 54

55 (21b) Plant health Requirements 55

56 (21c) Transport damage 56

57 (21d) Packaging 57

58 (21e) Insufficient number of plants 58

59 (21f) Readable labels 59

60 (20) Summary 60 DUS test in the Netherlands for ornamentals for National PBR and for Community PBR UPOV / CPVO requirements Management of varieties of Common Knowledge more and more complicated International cooperation necessary Uniformity problems mainly in mutants and variegated types Ensure good communication with applicants CAMPAIGN FINANCED WITH SUPPORT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE FLOWERCOUNCIL OF HOLLAND

61 61 CAMPAIGN FINANCED WITH SUPPORT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE