.. J an American oqd. olten crooked trçe, which occurs ôve. the eastern United Sta'es. The od very

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ç DOCS A 1331:D 67/2/973 //II/II/II/I//IIIIIIIIIIIih/III///ih/IIIihII////I/IIjIII/I/III/jII/ OREGON STATE UNIVERSflY U8RARIES 12 0143433205 ' LOW IRIN : DGWOO J an American oqd i 'H fi FI owering d

1 ç DOCS A 1331:D 67/2/973 //II/II/II/I//IIIIIIIIIIIih/III///ih/IIIihII////I/IIjIII/I/III/jII/ OREGON STATE UNIVERSflY U8RARIES ' LOW IRIN : DGWOO J an American oqd i 'H fi FI owering d ogwoo d i a mp o gr3wing, olen crooked rçe, which occur ôve! / mch oi he eaern Unied Sa'e The od very hard, rong, and higfiy hock reifn 'Nh conin ou ue, dogwood become vçry ooh, aj qualiy ha make valuabk ror huie, ooi, mall pujiey, jeweler' biock malle h7ad, and oher arice rquiring Fiar cio-exured, moofi wood J r', \'> L I ; i Fl-232 I Ocober 73, 4 L J3epamen 4E Agrcu1ue ofr, ervice j / / A

2 Figure 1-Naural range of flowering dogwood F Cover: F Nor ale by he Superinenden of Documen, US Governmen Prining Office Wh1ngon, DC, Price 25 cen Sock Number L

Mignery1 Li FLOWERING DOGWOOD an American wood DISTRIBUTION Arnold L Flowering dogwood (Cornu Florida L) occur over much of he eaern Unied Sae I range exend from ouhweern Maine hrough ouhern Onario

3 Mignery1 Li FLOWERING DOGWOOD an American wood DISTRIBUTION Arnold L Flowering dogwood (Cornu Florida L) occur over much of he eaern Unied Sae I range exend from ouhweern Maine hrough ouhern Onario and Michigan o ouheaern Kana and eaern Texa o norhcenral Florida (fig 1) A variey occur in he mounain of eaern Mexico Flowering dogwood rarely, if ever, occur in pure and Throughou i range i i found in aociaion wih many oher hardwood and conifer, almo alway a a ubordinae ree in he fore underory I i widely planed a an ornamenal, bu commercial producion for wood i concenraed in he ouhern Appalachian and ouhern Miiippi Valley region wih Miiippi, Alabama, and Tenneee leading producer The pecie occur on oil varying from deep, moi oil along minor ream o ligh, well-drained upland oil The mo imporan grea oil group wihin he range of dogwood are red and yellow podzolic, graybrown podzolic, brown podzolic, and alluvial oil Growh i be on oil of medium waer-holding capac iy Seedling urvival i low and he pecie i virually aben on heavy, poorly drained oil Flowering dogwood i of inere a a oil improver I leaf lier, in addiion o being an imporan ource of calcium, decompoe more rapidly han ha of oher pecie, hu making i mineral coniuen more readily available Precipiaion wihin flowering dogwood' range varie from 30 inche per year in he norh o 80 inche in he ouhern Appalachian Average annual ernperaure i 70 degree F in he ouh and 45 degree in he norh, wih emperaure exreme of 115 o -30 degree Growing eaon range from 160 day in ouhern Michigan o 300 or more in Florida i Principal Silviculuri, Silviculure Laboraory, Souhern Fore Experimen Saion USDA Fore Service, Sewanee, Tenn, in cooperaion wih he Univeriy of he Souh NOTE-Thi publicaion uperede unnumbered publicaion Flowering Dogwood, iued 1945 DESCRIPTION AND GROWTH Flowering dogwood i a mall, low-growing, ofen crooked ree wih a low, dene crown The bark i a dark red-brown ; on older ree i break ino mall, generally quadrangular block ( fig 2 ) Maximum ree ize under favorable condiion i abou 40 fee in heigh and 18 inche in diameer A he norhern limi of diribuion he pecie may become a branchy hrub Be developmen occur in aociaion wih oher hardwood The mall, biexual, four-par, yellowih flower borne in erminal cluer in he pring before he oppoiely arranged leave appear are urrounded by four now-whie, peallike brac The brac form "flower" 2 o 4 inche acro and provide a pecacular diplay in he pringime However, he ree i aracive hroughou he year In ummer i become relaively obcure, bu in auumn flowering dogwood pu on a double how of brillian color Gloy red frui, conraing fir wih he green foliage and hen wih he rich red-orange fall foliage, make a cene of grea beauy Even afer he leave fall, he knobbed, upcurving branchle provide a graceful racery again winer kie The frui, brigh red drupe abou 1-/2-inch long, are readily eaen by wild bird (fig 3) Occaionally ree wih almon-colored or ligh-pink brac are found in naure Pink and red flowering dogwood and oher culivar wih pecial ornamenal characeriic are commonly propagaed from clone by cornmercial nurerie Becaue low winer emperaure omeime kill he flower bud i i recommended ha ornamenal planing be rericed o area where emperaure normally do no fall below -15 degree F A good eed crop occur abou every 2 year Diperal i by graviy and by bird and oher animal Freh eed will no germinae wihou naural overwinering on he ground or, if colleced, a period of moi cold orage Flowering dogwood prou profuely from ump and alo reproduce by naural layering Cuing may alo be rooed ; hi i of paricular imporance in propagaing ornamenal varieie 3

RELATED COMMERCIAL SPECIES Sixeen pecie of Cornu are naive o he Unied Sae, including eigh ree ize, ix hrubby, and wo herbaceou pecie, bu only flowering dogwood i commercially imporan L'i Figure

4 RELATED COMMERCIAL SPECIES Sixeen pecie of Cornu are naive o he Unied Sae, including eigh ree ize, ix hrubby, and wo herbaceou pecie, bu only flowering dogwood i commercially imporan L'i Figure 2-Bark of flowering dogwood F Flowering dogwood i very oleran of hade and carrie ou maximum phooynhei a one-hird of full unligh I i oleran of high emperaure bu i quie ucepible o drough In ouhern fore dogwood leave are ofen he fir o wil in dry weaher Coninuing drough may caue leave o fall and op o dieback Becaue of i hin bark, he pecie i readily injured by fire, bu i profue prouing may laer increae he amoun of dogwood in damaged and Flowering dogwood i alo quie ucepible o flooding In fore and dogwood i relaively free of inec and dieae When he ree i culivaed a an ornamenal, everal pe may caue rouble The dogwood borer i he mo derucive inec pe of he pecie Oher damaging inec are fla-headed borer, dogwood cale, club gall, and wig borer Of he fungu dieae, Elino po anhracnoe ofen damage he beauy of flower, leave, young hoo, and frui Necria canker omeime occur on he runk and limb, and crown gall, a oil-borne baceria occaionally aack he lower runk and roo Phyical injurie from lawumower and unneceary cuing and bruiing uually provide he enry poin for inec and dieae SUPPLY There are no recen eimae of he oal and of flowering dogwood wihin i enire naural range In ix ouhern Sae where producion i concenraed, a volume of 998 million cubic fee in ree 5 inche in diameer brea heigh and larger i hown by invenorie made beween 1962 and 1971 A upply of well over i million cord i hu indicaed wihin he ix Sae Much of hi i probably oo caered o be commercially available, bu he upply i conidered more han adequae o mee domeic and expor demand PRODUCTION Mo flowering dogwood i cu ino hor log or bol by widely caered, mall mill for manufacure ino hule block Thi make accurae daa on oal cu difficul o aemble, and conequenly producion figure are fragmenary and largely baed on eimae In i923, he eimaed annual conumpion wa 15,500 cord During World War II abou 16,600 cord per COMMON NAMES The name of flowering dogwood i frequenly horened o dogwood Oher le common name are cornel and boxwood F Figure 3-Leave and frui of flowering dogwood 4

5 year were produced Wih a coninuing decline in he ue of dogwood for hule, i ha been eimaed ha he curren cu i approximaely 2,500 cord per year CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES The apwood of flowering dogwood, which ofen make up almo he enire em, varie in color from a fleh-colored, pinkih whie o ligh pinkih brown Hearwood i reddih brown o chocolae brown The wood ha a fine, uniform exure and i wihou a characeriic odor or ae Annual growh ring, uually /[6 o '/8-inch wide, are diinc bu no harply delineaed Dogwood i very heavy (average weigh i 51 pound per cubic foo a 12-percen moiure), very hard, rong, and no iff bu wih a very high reiance o hock I i difficul o cu and hape and no eay o glue The wood i hard o eaon eiher in he air or in a kiln and hrink grealy, bu when properly dried hold i hape well Wih coninuou wear, flowering dogwood become exremely mooh, a qualiy which make i of grea value for exile hule PRINCIPAL USES Virually all he dogwood cu i ued in he manufacure of hule for exile weaving where he need for a maerial ha will ay perfecly mooh i eviden I i ill widely ued for hule alhough hi ue i leening every year Wihin he pa 15 year plaic hule have replaced approximaely 60 percen of hoe formerly made of dogwood Small amoun of flowering dogwood are ued for aricle uing a hard, cloe-exured, mooh wood capable of wihanding rough ue Example are pool, mall pulley, malle head, jeweler' block, and urnpin for haping he end of lead pipe In earlier ime dogwood roo bark wa ued a a fever medicine A carle dye wa alo made from he roo REFERENCES Cox, R S, and J W Heuberger 1953 Conrol of po anhracnoe and Seporia leaf po of flowering dogwood Na Hor Mag 32 : 70 Harlow, W M, and E S Harrar 1968 Texbook of dendrology American Forery Serie Ed 5, 512 p, illu New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co Heping, G H 1971 Dieae of fore and hade ree of he Unied Sae US Dep Agric, Agric Handb 386, 658 p Panhin, A J, and C de Zeeuw 1970 Texbook of wood echnology Vol I-Srucure, idenificaion, ue, and properie of he commercial wood of he Unied Sae and Canada Ed 3, 705 p, illu New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co Peae, Roger W 1953 Growing flowering dogwood from ofwood cuing Na Hor Mag 32: USDA Agriculural Reearch Service 1970 Growing he flowering dogwood US Dep Agrie, Home anu Garden Bull No 88, rev, 8 p, illu USDA Fore Service 1948 Woody-plan eed manual US Dep Agrie, Mic Pubi 654, 416 p, illu USDA Fore Service 1965 Silvic of fore ree of he Unied Sae US Dep Agrie, Agrie Handb 271, 762 p, illu Univeriy of Tenneee, Deparmen of Horiculure and Agriculural Biology 1969 The flowering dogwood in Tenneee Univ of Tenn Agriculural Exenion Service, PubL No 589, 18 p, illu de Vo, Franci 1953 The flowering dogwood Na Hor Mag 32 : O US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE197Z O

I' I ', \~ Minnesota Extension Service University of Minnesota. AG-Ml-0556 Revised Leonard B. Hertz. (After) (Before) I,, l.

$I' I ', \~ Minnesota Extension Service University of Minnesota. AG-Ml-0556 Revised Leonard B. Hertz. (After) (Before) I,, l.$ n1 / ej l CJ /J r