Winter CSA PENN STATE UNIVERSITY. By: Lindsey McQuiston, Doug Szramowski, Zack Troyer, and Julian Subick

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1 Winter CSA PENN STATE UNIVERSITY By: Lindsey McQuiston, Doug Szramowski, Zack Troyer, and Julian Subick dsus.org/farmers_profile_ A-Family-Farmstay.cfm

CSA Organization Start small ~ 10 members Supportive of vision, forgiving of mistakes Easily recognizable, bulletproof crops Weekly distribution, begin late November,

2 CSA Organization Start small ~ 10 members Supportive of vision, forgiving of mistakes Easily recognizable, bulletproof crops Weekly distribution, begin late November, end in late April Skip distributions over student breaks Wash on site, root cellar storage on campus

3 Marketing Audience Stay within Penn State No need for unnecessary competition Main Marketing Goal Reach out to ALL students of ALL majors Gain Experience Fresh Produce Volunteer hours Helping your school

4 Marketing Audience (Within the College of Agricultural Sciences and Related Areas) Internship Work Study Volunteer Hours Research project Course curriculum

5 Further Educational Goals Allow students to experiment with CSA approach Opportunity for GAP and Food Safety Practices

6 Marketing Strategies Penn State Grown Label all produce with the school name on it Support your school Cause Marketing in the case of supporting a student run organization.

7 How to Raise Interest Flyers around campus Brief announcement in relevant courses Send a message to academic advisors Hand out Recipes!

8 CSA Weekly Share Example Focus of our project 1.5 lb of potatoes (mixed size and variety) 1.5 lb of onions (mixed size and variety) 0.5 lb of garlic 2 lb of squash Other possibilities Kale, lettuce, spinach - high or low tunnel Carrots, turnips, kohlrabi, rutabaga, beets Speciality items such as dried herbs, honey or mushrooms mblr.com/post/ /okay-so-theresalso-a-fourth-lookoutand-uh

Produce - Winter Squash Soil Conditions- well drained and highly fertilized ph around 5.5-6.

large leaves inhibit, light mulch covering http://www.extension.

9 Produce - Winter Squash Soil Conditions- well drained and highly fertilized ph around Planting - 2 weeks after last frost cultivars- butternut ( Butternut Supreme, Zenith) Weed control- large leaves inhibit, light mulch covering ges/31052/growerperspective:-planningsteps-for-organic-freshmarket-cucurbit-productionin-oregon#.vpdan7bhb90 m/plasticulture/

Winter Squash Harvesting- Strong rind don't rush harvest need to be mature for proper storage Keep three inches of vine attached to prevent pathogen entry ( CUT!

10 Winter Squash Harvesting- Strong rind don't rush harvest need to be mature for proper storage Keep three inches of vine attached to prevent pathogen entry ( CUT!! ) Curing - Involves removing excess water Storage- Temperatures between degrees F relative humidity of 60-70% Higher temp. can cause squash to become stringy High relative humidity increase rot development Storing up to six months

Wilt, Powdery Mildew, Downy Mildew, Viral Diseases http://vegetablemdonline. ppath.cornell.

11 Winter Squash Pest- Cucumber Beetle, Squash Bug, Squash Vine Borer Early row covers Hand removal of these insects Pathogens- eradicate all previous plant material to reduce future outbreaks Bacterial Wilt, Powdery Mildew, Downy Mildew, Viral Diseases ppath.cornell.edu/diagno stickeys/cucurwlt/bctwlt /BctWlt_WntrSq.htm mn.edu/vegpest/cucs/ squabug.htm

Produce - Garlic Soil Conditions - prefers well drained soils, high organic matter ph around 6.0-6.

12 Produce - Garlic Soil Conditions - prefers well drained soils, high organic matter ph around Planting - late fall, in raised beds, with blue plastic mulching If soil fertility is not the best fertilize every two weeks in spring until has 4 leaves Cultivars - 'Siberian', 'Bogatyr', and 'Choparsky' hard neck more winter hardy Weed Controls - Blue mulch should suppress any unwanted weeds n.com/how-togrow-garlic-a-qawith-filaree-farmand-win-theirclassic-book-onmy-favorite-allium/

should stop a week before harvesting Remove scape (Flower Stake) when visible to induce largest garlic bulbs Curing - For

13 Garlic press.com/2010/07/15/g arlic-bulbil-harvest/ GARLIC SCAPE Harvesting- Harvest when % of foliage is yellowed Watering should stop a week before harvesting Remove scape (Flower Stake) when visible to induce largest garlic bulbs Curing - For long term storage Storage - Burlap or cardboard box placed at degrees F and % RH Will last in storage for 5-8 months com/article/96906/chi na-heng-feng garlic-seasoncommences

Garlic http://www.sagarlic.co.za/garlic_cu ltivation.

14 Garlic ltivation.html Pest - Nematodes, Thrips (bronzing), Onion Maggots, Cutworm, and Mites Pathogens - Botrytis, Rust, Downy Mildew, Powdery Mildew, and White Rot Onion Maggot /2014/07/30/thegood-the-badthe-ugly/ hort.cornell.edu/vegp ath/photos/botrytis_g arlic.html

Produce - Potatoes Soil Conditions -Well drained, high fertility Planting -4-6 depth, spacing varies -Minimum soil temp of 40 Weed Control- -Hilling and cultivation generally on moldboard plowed

15 Produce - Potatoes Soil Conditions -Well drained, high fertility Planting -4-6 depth, spacing varies -Minimum soil temp of 40 Weed Control- -Hilling and cultivation generally on moldboard plowed ground -Good fit for plasticulture Pests -Many, but late blight, potato beetles, and leafhoppers most important -Physical and cultural practices are critical

Potatoes Harvest -Kill vines -Harvest before heavy

temperature -Peppermint and clove oil -High RH as

16 Potatoes Harvest -Kill vines -Harvest before heavy frosts Storage -Curing period 50 to 60 -Slowly lower temperature -Peppermint and clove oil -High RH as possible ing-potatoes

17 Produce- Onions Soil Conditions Planting -Transplants -2 final spacing Weeds - Hand weeding and cultivation Pests and Disease -Onion maggot & thrips - Damping off, leaf blights, soft rot

18 Onions Harvest Storage -⅓ to ½ of tops falling over -Topped 1 above bulb -Cured for 2-4 weeks -32 and 60-70% RH -Can last 1-8 months

Row Requirements Potatoes Expected yield is 177 lb per 100 ft row. CSA needs 240 lb. 3 rows needed Onions Expected yield is 100 lb per 100 ft row CSA needs 240 lb 3 rows needed http://s775.

19 Row Requirements Potatoes Expected yield is 177 lb per 100 ft row. CSA needs 240 lb. 3 rows needed Onions Expected yield is 100 lb per 100 ft row CSA needs 240 lb 3 rows needed ia/ _ _130.jpg.html Winter squash Expected yield is 200 lb per 100 ft row CSA needs 320 lb 2 rows needed Garlic Expected yield 55 lb per 100 ft row CSA needs 80 lb 2 rows needed, more if you want to use your own garlic to replant

20 Crop Rotation Example crop rotations: Plant potatoes in May, harvest in late summer. Plant rye and hairy vetch by end of summer. Incorporate in the spring. Plant onion sets mid to late spring, harvest mid to late summer. Follow with winter squash, harvest in mid fall. Plant rye, crimson clover, and hairy vetch for weed control. Plant garlic by October 15, harvest in middle of July. Followed by a cover crop or summer annual

21 References Adam, Katherine. Organic Allium Production, National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service Web Feb Bogash M. Steven, Lamont J. William Jr., Harsh Matthew R., Kime F. Lynn, Harper K. Jayson. Potato Production, Penn State Extension Web Feb Cornell University. Winter Squash Web Feb Davis M Jeanine; Garlic Production, NC State University A&T State University Cooperative Extension Web Feb z Dawling Pam; How and When to Plant Garlic, Growing For Market News, Advice and Resources for Market Farmers. Oct Web Feb. s Ford G. Thomas, Bogash M. Steven, Orzolek D. Michael; Garlic Production, Penn State Extension. Web Feb s Orzolek D. Michael, Kime F. Lynn, Harsh R. Matthew, Harper K. Jayson. Onion Production, Penn State Extension Web Feb Seaman, Abby Production Guide for Organic Potato, Cornell University Web Feb s x

Vegetables Chapter 10 OSUE MGV Training. Pam Bennett OSUE State MGV Coordinator Horticulture Educator

Vegetables Chapter 10 OSUE MGV Training Pam Bennett OSUE State MGV Coordinator Horticulture Educator Vegetables Site Planning Cultural Sun 8-10 hours sun Water Site CLOSE TO THE FAUCET! Size Physical site