Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Project Sheet

Transcription

1 Page 1 of 14 Project Name: Fungicide Safety New Products New Ongoing X Completed Duration if ongoing or completed: Project Description: While labels allowing the use of fungicides generally on ornamental horticulture crops is fairly common, developing crop safety data is still critical to support these open labels. Many labels list the tested crops along with the plant type as well as any crops that might be injured after application. From 2010 through 2013, IR-4 has tested several new fungicides to verify and expand the screened crops. Research Project Abstract (if available): Abstract from 2015 Acibenzolar-methyl Safety Summary Acibenzolar is an active ingredient that stimulates plant defense systems. In 2002, IR-4 started testing Insimmo (acibenzolar) for safety on several ornamental horticulture crops. In 2008, IR-4 continued crop safety screening after a renewed interest in bringing this active ingredient to ornamental horticulture growers. From 2002 through 2014, the IR-4 Project completed 249 trials on 67 ornamental plant genera or species examining phytotoxicity related to foliar and/or drench applications of Insimmo. In these trials, 36 species or genera exhibited minimal or no injury after foliar applications. Based on this information, it is recommended that all but 2 of these crops be added to a list of tolerant plants when this active ingredient gains registration. While there was sufficient evidence of minimal or no injury for Dianthus sp. and Pelargonium x hortorum, a single trial for each crop did elicit moderate to severe injury. Further investigation on cultivar or species differences may be warranted. Abstract from 2015 Ametoctrading + Dimethomorph Safety Summary Orvego, registered with EPA on May 21, 2012 is a combination of ametoctradin (FRAC 45) and dimethomorph (FRAC 40). In 2012, IR-4 started testing Orvego (ametoctradin + dimethomorph) for safety on several ornamental horticulture crops as part of the new fungicide and bactericide crop safety project. In 2013, BASF recommended only finishing ongoing research activities due to observations of very little injury across crops. From 2012 through 2014, the IR-4 Project completed 22 trials on 9 ornamental plant genera or species examining phytotoxicity related to primarily drench applications. No injury or grow reduction was observed for any tested crop. Abstract from 2016 Azoxystrobin + Difenoconazole Safety Summary Alibi Flora (azoxystrobin + difenoconazole) was registered on January 12, 2015 for use on ornamental horticulture crops and landscape ornamental horticulture plants in the United States to manage foliar, stem and crown diseases. During 2014 and 2015, the IR-4 Project conducted 34 trials on 12 ornamental plant species / genera examining phytotoxicity related to Alibi Flora applications. The data contained in this report were generated to register uses of azoxystrobin + difenoconazole for use on ornamental horticulture plants. The rates tested were 8 (1X), 14 (2X) and 28 (4X) fl oz per 100 gal. Alibi Flora was applied to twelve (12) plant species or genera. Seven exhibited no or minimal transient injury in at least 3 trials, and two of these (Buddleia davidii and Dianthus spp.) are already in the Alibi Flora label. Five species or genera exhibited no injury in one or two trials; all of them are already in the label. Five additional species can be considered for labelling: Aquilegia spp., Calibrachoa spp., Lavandula spp., Monarda didyma and Osteospermum sp. Abstract from 2015 Benzovindiflupyr + Azoxystrobin Safety Summary In 2013 as part of the crop safety screening for new active ingredients and recently registered fungicides, IR-4 started testing Mural WDG (benzovindiflupyr + azoxystrobin) for safety on several ornamental horticulture Creation Date: 8/5/2013 Last Saved Date: 9/26/2017

2 Page 2 of 14 crops. During 2013 and 2014, the IR-4 Project completed 52 trials on 23 ornamental plant genera or species examining phytotoxicity related to foliar and/or drench applications. In these trials, no injury was observed on any species or genera. If a list of tested plants is placed on the Mural WDG label, 8 of the IR-4 screened plants can be added to the EPA label based on having 3 or more completed trials: Calibrachoa sp., Camellia sp., Dianthus sp., Helianthus sp., Heuchera sp., Lavandula sp., Monarda sp., and Osteospermum sp. Abstract from 2015 Cyflufenamid Safety Summary Cyflufenamid is an active ingredient for managing foliar diseases including powdery mildew and botrytis. It is not yet registered by EPA for the ornamental horticulture industry. During 2012 and 2013, the IR-4 Project completed 29 trials on 15 ornamental plant genera or species. In these trials, 9 species or genera exhibited minimal or no injury after foliar applications. For the remaining 7 crops, sufficient information has not yet been generated. However, to date the tested crops are not sensitive to foliar applications up to 4X the proposed high label rate. Abstract from 2016 Fluxapyroxad + Pyraclostrobin Safety Summary The IR-4 Project screens new active ingredients for potential deleterious impacts to aid growers in selection of appropriate disease management tools for their crops. During 2014 and 2015, IR-4 completed 42 trials on 22 ornamental plant species examining phytotoxicity related to foliar applications of Orkestra (fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin). In these trials, 4 species or genera exhibited minimal or no injury after foliar applications in a minimum of 3 trials for each crop; these can be added to a list of tolerant plants in the new label for this active ingredient. All trials for sixteen other species or genera exhibited minimal or no injury in the limited number of trials (one or two) for each crop; BASF can consider adding these to the label. Abstract from 2015 Metconazaole Safety Summary Metconazole was registered as Tourney 50WDG in the United States in 2007 as a turf fungicide. In 2010, uses for ornamental horticulture plants in greenhouse, nurseries, and landscapes were added. The commercial label contains a list of 49 woody ornamental plants exhibiting no or minimal injury. However, because metconazole is in the triazole class it could cause symptoms similar to plant growth regulators and additional testing is warranted on additional herbaceous and woody ornamental species. Between 2010 and 2014, the IR-4 Project completed 144 trials on 38 ornamental plant species examining phytotoxicity related to foliar applications of Tourney. In these trials, 21 species or genera exhibited minimal or no injury after foliar applications. Of these, 14 are already on the Tourney label; Buxus sp., Calibrachoa sp., Hemerocallis sp., Hydrangea sp., Lantana sp., Liriope sp. and Verbena sp. are the seven crops not yet listed. Based on this information, it is recommended that these be added to the list of tolerant plants on the Tourney 50WDG label. Four crops exhibited stunting: Begonia, Impatiens, Pansy and Zinnia. Abstract from 2017 Pydiflumetofen Safety Summary Pydiflumetofen is a new fungicide being developed by Syngenta for the control of leaf spots (Septoria, Cercospora, Alternaria, Venturia), powdery mildew, Fusarium, Botrytis, Sclerotinia, Corynespora, and other foliar diseases. The IR-4 Project completed 19 crop safety trials on 18 ornamental horticulture plant species or genera during 2015 and In these trials, all 18 species or genera exhibited minimal or no injury in the limited number of trials (one or two) for each crop; Syngenta can consider adding these to the label. Abstract from 2017 Pydiflumetofen + Fludioxonil Safety Summary Pydiflumetofen + Fludioxonil is a new fungicide being developed by Syngenta for the control of foliar and soilborne diseases oh ornamental horticulture crops. The IR-4 Project completed 19 crop safety trials on 18 ornamental horticulture plant species or genera during 2015 and In these trials, all 18 species or genera exhibited minimal or no injury in the limited number of trials (one or two) for each crop; Syngenta can consider Creation Date: 8/5/2013 Last Saved Date: 9/26/2017

3 adding these to the label. Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Project Sheet Page 3 of 14 Abstract from 2015 Tebuconazole Safety Summary Tebuconazole was first registered in 1994 for peanut diseases. Since then its food use label has expanded to several other food crops. The first noncrop registration of Torque 3.6SC (tebuconazole) occurred in 2010 for ornamental horticulture growers, professional landscape managers and for golf course turf. Tebuconazole manages foliar ornamental horticulture diseases including powdery mildew and rusts. However, given that triazoles have a tendency to also exhibit impacts similar to growth regulators, the crop safety profile for Torque 3.6SC is not well known. From 2012 through 2014, the IR-4 Project completed 25 trials on 13 ornamental plant genera or species. In these trials, 8 species or genera exhibited minimal or no injury after foliar applications. Torque caused stunting in Pansy and Zinnia at the higher application rates. In one trial, Narcissus exhibited moderate injury after the third application; additional trials are warranted to determine whether number of applications or the crop cultivar might be the contributing factor for injury. For the remaining 2 crops, not sufficient information has been generated. Abstract from 2016 Triticonazole Safety Summary Triticonazole was registered as Trinity 2SC in the United States in 2007 as a turf fungicide. Since that time it has been under development to expand to ornamental horticulture diseases, and use on ornamental horticulture crops was added to the label in Because triticonazole is in the triazole class, it could cause symptoms similar to plant growth regulators and testing is warranted on additional herbaceous and woody ornamental species. Between 2010 and 2016, the IR-4 Project completed 180 trials on 44 ornamental plant species examining phytotoxicity related to foliar applications of Trinity 2SC. In these trials, 30 species or genera exhibited minimal or no injury after foliar applications. Of these, nine are not yet listed on the label: Alyssum sp., Buxus sp., Cornus sp., Dahlia sp., Hedera helix, Ilex sp. Lantana sp., Osteospermum sp., and Pseudotsuga menziesii. Target Species (Phytotoxicity, or common and Latin name of arthropod, pathogen, weed): Safety Target s (list tested crops if ongoing or completed project) See IR-4 Safety to Date below Target Product(s) (list tested products or numbered compounds if ongoing or completed project) Alibi Flora Orvego (prior to 2014) BAS 703 S2200 Insimmo Torque 3.6SC Mural Tourney 50WDG NF-149 Trinity 2SC Product Registration and Research Status & Commercialized Wide range of ornamental horticulture crops listed & Commercialized Opportunity to add additional ornamental horticulture crops Registration Status Torque 3.6SC Orvego Tourney 50WDG Trinity 2SC But NOT Commercialized Not yet registered or labeled BAS F NF-149 * IR-4 Data contributed to registration decision either adding pest to label or not pursuing further research Creation Date: 8/5/2013 Last Saved Date: 9/26/2017

4 Other: Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Project Sheet Page 4 of 14 Project Pros 1 NF-149 is not yet registered and so far had had little injury on the tested crops. 2 Orvego has had little injury on screened crops and had a limited crop list 3 Tourney has exhibited little injury to date and has a limited crop list 4 Torque is very widely labeled for outdoor uses, but not for greenhouse use. 5 Trinity has exhibited very little injury to tested plants and is not yet registered. Project Cons 1 Torque is very widely labeled for outdoor uses, but not for greenhouse use. 2 IR-4 Safety Trials to Date Average rating on a scale of 1 5 with 1 = 0 to about no injury and 5 = severe injury and mortality; minimum to maximum rating; number of trials. A rating of 3 or higher is considered commercially unacceptable (red text). A rating of 1 or 2 is considered commercially acceptable and those with more than 3 trials are complete (green text). indicates that IR-4 generated data in at least one trial and that this crop is listed on the label. For crop/product combinations that are blank, IR-4 has not screened this combination. Creation Date: 8/5/2013 Last Saved Date: 9/26/2017

5 Page 5 of 14 Table 1. Foliar Applications Set 1. Broadleaf Evergreen Annual Perennial A19649B (Pydiflumetofen) A20808C (Pydiflumetofen + fludioxonil) A21416A (Pydiflumetofen + azoxystrobin + propiconazole) A21416B (Pydiflumetofen + azoxystrobin + propiconazole) Alibi Flora (A13703G) SC (Azoxystrobin + difenconazole) Boxwood (Buxus sp.) Butterfly Bush (Buddleia davidii) Ceanothus (Ceanothus sp.) Hydrangea (Hydrangea sp.) Lavender (Lavandula sp.) 1.0 (1-1) n5 Dead Nettle (Lamium sp.) Sage (Salvia sp.) MFG Hold MFG Hold Garden Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) MFG Hold Begonia (Begonia sp.) 1.0 (1-1) n2 1.0 (1-1) n2 MFG Hold Calibrachoa (Calibrachoa sp.) MFG Hold MFG Hold Transvaal Daisy (Gerbera sp.) 2.0 (2-2) n1 MFG Hold New Guinea Impatiens (Impatiens 2.0 (2-2) n1 3.0 (3-3) n1 MFG Hold MFG Hold hawkeri) Buzzy Lizzy (Impatiens walleriana) 1.5 (1-2) n2 2.0 (2-2) n1 MFG Hold MFG Hold Daisybush (Osteospermum sp.) MFG Hold Geranium, Zonal (Pelargonium x hortorum) 2.0 (2-2) n1 MFG Hold Petunia (Petunia sp.) 2.0 (2-2) n1 MFG Hold Pansy (Viola sp.) Wittrock's Violet; Pansy (Viola X wittrockiana) MFG Hold MFG Hold Zinnia (Zinnia sp.) Madwort (Alyssum sp.) MFG Hold Columbine (Aquilegia sp.) Aster (Aster sp.) Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) Concert II (Propiconazole + chlorothalonil)

6 Page 6 of 14 Perennial Palm A19649B (Pydiflumetofen) A20808C (Pydiflumetofen + fludioxonil) A21416A (Pydiflumetofen + azoxystrobin + propiconazole) A21416B (Pydiflumetofen + azoxystrobin + propiconazole) Alibi Flora (A13703G) SC (Azoxystrobin + difenconazole) Hardy Mum (Chrysanthemum/Dendranthema MFG Hold x morifolium) Tickseed (Coreopsis sp.) MFG Hold Pink (Dianthus sp.) MFG Hold Beebalm, Scarlet (Monarda didyma) Phlox, Fall (Phlox paniculata) Vervain (Verbena sp.) MFG Hold Palm,Mediterranean Fan (Chamaerops humilis) MFG Hold Concert II (Propiconazole + chlorothalonil) Table 2. Foliar Applications Set 2. Broadleaf Evergreen Broadleaf Evergreen/Deciduous ESP 715 (Fluopyram) Insimmo (Acibenzolar-Smethyl) Medallion (Fludioxonil) Mural (A18126B) WDG (Azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr) Boxwood (Buxus sp.) Camellia (Camellia sp.) Indian Hawthorn (Rhaphiolepis indica) Rhododendron (Rhododendron sp.) Barberry (Berberis sp.) NF-149 (Cyflufenamid)

7 Page 7 of 14 Deciduous /Vine Annual Annual Perennial Narrowleaf Evergreen ESP 715 (Fluopyram) Insimmo (Acibenzolar-Smethyl) Medallion (Fludioxonil) Mural (A18126B) WDG (Azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr) Butterfly Bush (Buddleia davidii) Ceanothus (Ceanothus sp.) 1.0 (1-1) n2 Hydrangea (Hydrangea sp.) Lavender (Lavandula sp.) Rose (Rosa sp.) Rosemallow (Hibiscus sp.) Dead Nettle (Lamium sp.) Common Sage (Salvia officinalis) Sage (Salvia sp.) Begonia (Begonia sp.) 2.3 (2-3) n3 Calibrachoa (Calibrachoa sp.) Sunflower (Helianthus sp.) Daisybush (Osteospermum sp.) Geranium (Pelargonium sp.) Petunia (Petunia sp.) Elegant Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) Columbine (Aquilegia sp.) Aster (Aster sp.) Pink (Dianthus sp.) Alumroot (Heuchera sp.) Daisy (Leucanthemum x superbum) 3.0 (3-3) n1 Beebalm, Scarlet (Monarda didyma) Petunia (Petunia hybrida) 2.0 (2-2) n1 Phlox, Fall (Phlox paniculata) Fir (Abies sp.) Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea sp.) Juniper (Juniperus sp.) NF-149 (Cyflufenamid) MFG Hold MFG Hold

8 Page 8 of 14 Palm Tropical Foliage Plant ESP 715 (Fluopyram) Insimmo (Acibenzolar-Smethyl) Medallion (Fludioxonil) Mural (A18126B) WDG (Azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr) NF-149 (Cyflufenamid) Fir, Douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii) Palm,Mediterranean Fan (Chamaerops humilis) Aglaonema (Aglaonema sp.) Centipede Tongavine (Scindapsus aureus) Table 3. Foliar Applications Set 3. Broadleaf Evergreen Broadleaf Evergreen/Deciduous Bulbs & Corms Deciduous /Vine Rhododendron (Rhododendron sp.) Magnolia (Magnolia sp.) Dahlia (Dahlia sp.) Daylily (Hemerocallis sp.) Dogwood (Cornus sp.) Hydrangea (Hydrangea sp.) Oak (Quercus sp.) Rose (Rosa sp.) Elm (Ulmus sp.) Orkestra Intrinsic (BAS703 06F/BAS703 01F) (Fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin 1.7 (1-3) n3 1.8 (1-4) n4 1.3 (1-2) n3 OxiPhos (Mono and di potassium salts of phosphorus acid + hydrog 1.0 (1-1) n2 S2200 4SC (Mandestrobin) SP2300 (SP2300) TDA01 (TDA01) 3.0 (3-3) n1

9 Page 9 of 14 Hardy Ground Cover Foliage Annual Annual Perennial Orkestra Intrinsic (BAS703 06F/BAS703 01F) (Fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin OxiPhos (Mono and di potassium salts of phosphorus acid + hydrog Lantana (Lantana sp.) Periwinkle (Vinca sp.) Sage (Salvia sp.) Scarlet Sage (Salvia splendens) Woodland Sage (Salvia x sylvestris) Garden Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) Begonia (Begonia sp.) 3.0 (3-3) n1 3.0 (3-3) n1 Calibrachoa (Calibrachoa sp.) New Guinea Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) 3.0 (3-3) n1 Buzzy Lizzy (Impatiens walleriana) Daisybush (Osteospermum sp.) Regal Geranium (Pelargonium x domesticum) 3.0 (3-3) n1 Geranium, Zonal (Pelargonium x hortorum) 4.0 (4-4) n1 Wittrock's Violet; Pansy (Viola X wittrockiana) Elegant Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) 3.0 (3-3) n1 Zinnia (Zinnia sp.) Madwort (Alyssum sp.) Columbine (Aquilegia sp.) 1.5 (1-3) n4 Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) 1.0 (1-1) n2 Hardy Mum (Chrysanthemum/Dendranthema x morifolium) Tickseed (Coreopsis sp.) S2200 4SC (Mandestrobin) SP2300 (SP2300) TDA01 (TDA01)

10 Page 10 of 14 Perennial Narrowleaf Evergreen Palm Orkestra Intrinsic (BAS703 06F/BAS703 01F) (Fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin OxiPhos (Mono and di potassium salts of phosphorus acid + hydrog Pink (Dianthus sp.) Max Chrysanthemum (Leucanthemum maximum) Daisy (Leucanthemum x superbum) Lupine (Lupinus sp.) Vervain (Verbena sp.) Spruce (Picea sp.) Pine (Pinus sp.) Fir, Douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii) Palm,Mediterranean Fan (Chamaerops humilis) S2200 4SC (Mandestrobin) SP2300 (SP2300) TDA01 (TDA01)

11 Page 11 of 14 Table 4. Foliar Applications Set 4 Torque 3_6SC (Tebuconazole) Tourney 50WDG (Metconazole) Trinity 2SC (Triticonazole) Boxwood (Buxus sp.) Holly (Ilex sp.) Loropetalum (Loropetalum sp.) MFG Hold Sacred Bamboo (Nandina Broadleaf Evergreen domestica) Chokeberry (Photinia sp.) MFG Hold Indian Hawthorn (Rhaphiolepis indica) 1.0 (1-1) n2 MFG Hold Rhododendron (Rhododendron sp.) Bulbs & Corms Dahlia (Dahlia sp.) Deciduous Elm (Ulmus sp.) /Vine Arrowwood (Viburnum sp.) Hardy Ground Cover English Ivy (Hedera helix ssp. Foliage Helix) 2.5 (1-4) n2 1.0 (1-1) n2 Blanket Flower (Gaillardia x 1.0 (1-1) n2 1.0 (1-1) n2 grandiflora) Common Sage (Salvia officinalis) Begonia (Begonia sp.) New Guinea Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) 5.0 (5-5) n1 Geranium (Pelargonium sp.) 1.0 (1-1) n2 Annual Petunia (Petunia sp.) 1.0 (1-1) n2 Pansy (Viola sp.) 2.5 (1-4) n2 Zinnia (Zinnia sp.) Madwort (Alyssum sp.) Perennial Perennial Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) 1.5 (1-2) n2

12 Page 12 of 14 Narrowleaf Evergreen Ornamental Grass Palm American Arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis) Pampas Grass (Cortaderia sp.) Crimson Fountaingrass (Pennisetum setaceum) Palm,Mediterranean Fan (Chamaerops humilis) Torque 3_6SC (Tebuconazole) Tourney 50WDG (Metconazole) 1.0 (1-1) n2 Trinity 2SC (Triticonazole) MFG Hold MFG Hold Table 5. Drench Applications Set 1. PlantGroup - Annual - Perennial Tropical Foliage Plant A20808C A19649B (Pydiflumetofen) (Pydiflumetofen + fludioxonil) Begonia (Begonia sp.) Daisybush (Osteospermum sp.) Petunia (Petunia sp.) Pansy (Viola sp.) 2.0 (1-3) n2 Elegant Zinnia (Zinnia elegans) Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) Daisy (Leucanthemum x superbum) Lupine (Lupinus sp.) Petunia (Petunia hybrida) Coleus, Flamenettle (Coleus sp.) ESP 715 (Fluopyram) 3.3 (3-4) n3 3.0 (3-3) n1 Inosco (A14658C) (Potassium phosphite) 1.5 (1-2) n2 Insimmo (Acibenzolar- S-methyl)

13 Page 13 of 14 Table 6. Drench Applications Set 2. Deciduous /Vine Hardy Ground Cover Foliage - Annual - Perennial Dogwood (Cornus sp.) Rose (Rosa sp.) Periwinkle (Vinca sp.) Sage (Salvia sp.) MCW-2 (MCW-2) Mural (A18126B) WDG (Azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr) Orkestra Intrinsic ((Fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin Orvego (BAS 651F) (Ametoctradin + dimethomorph (BAS 651)) OxiPhos (Mono and di potassium salts of phosphorus acid + hydrog Segovis (A21008A SC, SYN546539) (Oxathiapiprolin) Garden Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) Begonia (Begonia sp.) Calibrachoa (Calibrachoa sp.) Transvaal Daisy (Gerbera sp.) New Guinea Impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri) Buzzy Lizzy (Impatiens walleriana) 1.5 (1-2) n2 Daisybush (Osteospermum sp.) Regal Geranium (Pelargonium x domesticum) Geranium, Zonal (Pelargonium x hortorum) Petunia (Petunia sp.) 2.0 (2-2) n1 Wittrock's Violet; Pansy (Viola X wittrockiana) Madwort (Alyssum sp.) Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) 1.0 (1-1) n2 Hardy Mum (Chrysanthemum/Dendranthema x morifolium) Tickseed (Coreopsis sp.) Pink (Dianthus sp.)

14 Page 14 of 14 - Perennial Narrowleaf Evergreen Tropical Foliage Plant Daisy (Leucanthemum x superbum) Lupine (Lupinus sp.) Vervain (Verbena sp.) Spruce (Picea sp.) Fir, Douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii) Coleus, Flamenettle (Coleus sp.) MCW-2 (MCW-2) Mural (A18126B) WDG (Azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr) Orkestra Intrinsic ((Fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin Orvego (BAS 651F) (Ametoctradin + dimethomorph (BAS 651)) OxiPhos (Mono and di potassium salts of phosphorus acid + hydrog Segovis (A21008A SC, SYN546539) (Oxathiapiprolin)