National Cut Flower Centre Open Day

Transcription

1 National Cut Flower Centre Open Day 5 August 2015 J.A. Collison and Sons, Perch Holme Nursery, Market Lane, Walpole St Andrew, Wisbech, Cambridgeshire PE14 7LX National Cut Flower Centre, Rookery Farm, Holbeach St Johns, Spalding, Lincolnshire PE12 8SG

2 Event programme Time Presentation Speaker Meet at J.A. Collison and Sons to view the deep pool hydroponics trial Coffee and registration at the CFC site (Rookery Farm) Developments in the global market for cut flowers New developments within horticultural lighting and spectral coatings CFC trials overview (2015) Gordon Hanks, Consultant Simon Pearson, Freiston Associates Lyndon Mason, Project leader Herbicide trials John Atwood, ADAS Tour of CFC trials Hog roast refreshments and depart

3 Contents Presentations and presenters Page Developments in the global market for cut flowers, Gordon Hanks, Consultant 1 New developments within horticultural lighting and spectral coatings, Simon Pearson, Freiston Associates 5 CFC trials overview 2015, Lyndon Mason, Project leader 9 Herbicide trials, John Atwood, ADAS 12 Other information CFC trials summary CFC layout plans 29 Cut flower herbicide trials layout plan 36 HDC protected ornamental and bulb/outdoor flower publication order forms 40 Notes 47

4 Gordon Hanks Horticultural Consultant Developments in the global market for cut flowers AHDB Horticulture / National Cut flower Centre Open Day 5 August 2015 Purchases of cut flowers/foliage The trade is dominated by the Big 6 rose, carnation, chrysanth, lily, gladiolus and orchids a domination that may make it difficult to introduce novel crops Per capita purchases of cut flowers are still relatively low in the UK, compared with western Europe, but have been increasing (see import figures later) Within Europe, figures for Norway are exceptionally high (but a small market!), while for the Czech Republic and Spain they are relatively low UK figures are comparable with USA, Japan Purchase data for 2011 and 2012 are similar, except for a substantial fall in Italy and substantial rise in Sweden Type of sales outlets Across Europe, around 70% of cut flower sales are from supermarkets and traditional florists (rest are markets, garden centres, kiosks, etc.) But note that the UK has the greatest proportion purchased from supermarkets, 56%, and the lowest in florists, 20% Switzerland and Germany are following the trend towards supermarkets and away from florists Will this trend continue? And would that make it more difficult for producers in mainland Europe? Total sales and average prices at FloraHolland: percent changes from 2009 to 2012 Sales Prices Hydrangea 39 3 Sales Prices Limonium 29 6 Spray mums Lisianthus 8 17 Sunflower 19 0 X Tulip 2 0 X Lily Carnation 1 8 Alstroemeria Peony 0 26 Freesia Bloom mums 3 29 Hypericum Gerbera 7 17 Anthurium Hippeastrum 12 9 Cymbidium Rose Zantedeschia Gypsophila UK cut flower imports UK cut flower imports & exports/re exports Value (GBP millions) Cut-flowers: Value of main UK imports (excluding from CI) Other cut-flow ers Rose Chrysanthemum Carnation Lily (collected separately from 2012) Carnations static Rose, mums, glads & orchids steady rise Others big increase (n.b. lily figures separated 2012) Value (GBP millions) Cut-flowers: Total value of UK imports and exports/re-exports Imports Exports/re-exports Calendar year Calendar year

5 UK cut flower/foliage imports & exports 2013 Import and export values (1,000 euros) 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20, , ,472 60,491 35,029 UK imports 11,136 7,528 4,010 3,720 3,401 UK exports 11, Netherlands dominates UK imports of Big 6, others and foliage (n.b. re exports) 2. Kenya rose 3. Columbia rose, mums, carnation 2,019 1,912 1,835 1,752 1,747 1,682 1, ,004 Netherlands Kenya Colom bia Spain South Africa Morocco Zambia Other EU Ecuador Tanzania Egypt India Uganda Italy Turkey Costa Rica Ethiopia Israel Thailand France Germany Malaysia China Poland Hong Kong Japan Canada Sweden USA Denmark Dutch production area: cut flowers, foliage and bulbs Area dominated by bulbs, with stable total acreages of about 14,000ha for spring bulbs and about 4,000ha for summer bulbs Tulip and allium areas increasing, hyacinth stable Iris and minor bulbs areas decreasing although production can be tricky, does that indicate a niche opportunity for minor bulbs? Area of cut flowers under glass down by 1/3, with a compensating increase in cut flower and foliage in the open; also shrubs for cutting, counted separately. The main losers were rose, carnation, freesia, alstroemeria and anthurium Other EU countries The Dutch situation also occurs in other EU countries. The figures reflect the high energy costs of glasshouses and competition from new producer countries These figures reflect the production, of roses particularly, in the new producer countries of Africa and South America but could some of the decreased production of Dutch glasshouse flowers be substituted for part of the year by tunnel grown UK crops? In Germany, over 1992 to 2012, glasshouse production has been hit, notably rose and chrysanth, while other cut flowers and cut foliage under protection have increased While the German data are to be interpreted with care they fluctuate a lot in the open dried flowers and natural season chrysanth have been in a long term decline. However, rose production is stable, and other cut flowers including tulip, gladiolus, shrubs for cutting and various annuals and perennials, have increased. Alstroemeria, lisianthus and what are classified as others might provide opportunities for UK growers promising results have already been achieved in the trials at the Cut Flower Centre. There s a pattern in the flower crops grown. New producer countries with cheap labour take over the growing of major crops like rose, carnation, chrysanth and the traditional producer countries scratch their heads about what they could grow instead, or with a qualitative edge. Other EU and surrounding countries Africa and central and south America Spain the areas of carnation and chrysanth have halved in 4 years Poland in recent years increases of rose, chrysanth and other cut flowers both under protection and in the open Turkey is holding its own mostly carnations, then rose and gerbera, mostly grown under plastic Israel has had a dramatic contraction in rose production, also gypsophila, wax flower and gerbera. But more others and also foliage especially ruscus. Good thinking about alternatives and replacements Kenya rose area contracting; expansion of growing of Easter lily, eryngiums and asclepia Ecuador mainly rose and gypsophila, both open and protected Columbia rose, carnation, chrysanths, alstroemeria and hydrangea Mexico steady production of outdoor gladiolus, chrysanth; big expansion of chrysanth under glass; smaller increases of protected lily, gerbera, carnations and solidago 2

6 Further afield Important producers of roses worldwide Important producers of cut roses We need to look to Asia the AIPH statistics show some interesting distinctions between major producer countries and who exports to the EU The example is roses but similar stories apply to most other major cut flower crops and foliage Area (ha) 30,000 28,130 25,000 20,000 14,316 15,000 10,000 The graph says it all! 5,000 0 India China 4,073 2,5882,1641,4211, Ecuador Colombia Kenya Mexico Italy Thailand Japan Netherlands Germany Taiwan China Israel Poland Spain Turkey Morocco Important exporters of roses to the EU Top 15 countries exporting cut roses to the EU (or for intra-eu trade, to other EU contries) Recent ( ) production and numbers of holdings for cut flowers and pot plants Area (ha) 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, ,130 India 14,316 China Value (million euros) 4,073 2,5882,1641,4211,221 Ecuador Colombia Kenya Mexico Italy Thailand Important producers of cut roses Netherlands Japan Kenya Netherlands Germany Ethiopia Taiwan China Israel Ecuador Poland Spain Belgium Turkey Morocco Colombia Uganda Zambia Germany Tanzania Zimbabwe UK Italy India Spain Others Area (ha) Production value Number of Protected Open Total ( millions) holdings Germany 1,848 4,893 6,741 1,319 4,449 Netherlands 4,396 2,905 7,301 4,130 4,127 UK 545 5,163 5, Ethiopia 700 1,300 2, Kenya - - 4, South Africa , China ,081 5,095 83,338 India , Japan 10,190 9,869 16,840 2,512 77,980 Brazil ,800 1,747 8,000 Columbia 6,783-6,783 1, Ecuador 5,377 1,292 6, Perhaps the most striking feature of flower and pot plant production in China and India is the enormous production area though not necessarily value and number of holdings. Production is mainly for internal use, little is destined for western markets, as export/import figures show. Japan and the Philippines also have huge numbers of holdings, though they lack the production areas and crop values. How will producers in the West cope when horticultural production in India, China and some other Asian economies adopts new technology and ways of working? Norway Denmark Sweden Austria Germany Belgium France Netherlands USA UK Italy Japan Czech Rep. Spain Spend on cut-flowers, plants, etc. in 2012 (2011 for Norway, Spain) Additional figures Spend per capita per annum ( ) 283 3

7 16,000 The Netherlands: production areas of cut-flowers, foliage and flower-bulbs Cut-flower sales by outlet type (2013) Sales (%) Others DIY Stores, Building Centres Kiosks Market Gardens, Nurseries Garden Centres Area (ha) 12,000 8,000 Spring-flowering flower-bulbs Summer-flowering flower-bulbs Cut-flowers under glass Cut-flower and foliage in the open Shrubs for cutting in the open 20 0 Markets, street sales Supermarkets Florists 4, Austria Belgium Switzerland Czech Rep. Denmark Germany Spain France UK Hungary Italy (north) Netherlands Poland Russian Fed. Sweden Average Year (for spring bulbs '2005' means growing season , and so on) Area (ha) Germany: production areas of cut-flowers and cut-foliage under protection na Year Rose Summer flowers, perennials Chrysanthemum Gerbera Tulip Other cut-flowers Cut-foliage Cut-foliage and other cut-flowers Area (ha) 1,200 1, Germany: production areas of cut-flowers and cut-foliage in the open Annuals, perennials Gladiolus, tulip, other Shrubs for cutting Rose Dried flowers Chrysanthemums , Year , Sources International Statistics Flowers and Plants volume 62 (2014) published by International Association of Horticulture Producers. Defra s annual Basic Horticultural Statistics (BHS) Since 2004 the coverage of BHS has been reduced to provide full statistics for fruit and vegetables only: for ornamental plants and flowers it contains only historic data (up to 2004) on production areas, etc., though ongoing import and export data have been maintained to date. Defra s (former) annual Survey of Vegetables and Flowers, available on line. Published annually until 2006 and then in 2008, probably for the last time. ra.gov.uk/statistics/files/defra stats foodfarm landuselivestock vegflowerslatestrelease.pdf Defra s June and December Surveys provide longer runs of agricultural statistics that summarise data and can be found on line under the general title of Structure of the agricultural industry. For horticulture the information is very limited. of the agriculturalindustry Defra s annual Agriculture in the UK. Areas, values, volumes, price indices, imports and exports for a similar range of categories. in the unitedkingdom

8 Background New developments within horticultural lighting and spectral coatings Dr Simon Pearson The University of Lincoln Archaeology Now.. back working with Effect of greenhouse covering AHDB CP138: A Lighting Guide for UK horticulture, with Phil Davis Developing a project on optical coatings for greenhouses, including diffuse glass Could be directional or non directional Several mechanisms to cause scattering Scattering is wavelength dependent Photoselective coatings Photoselective coatings Ultraviolet Insect activity Bees Fungal sproulation Crop flavour, esp herbs Flower colour Photoinbition Hemming et al, 2006 Quick reminder. The solar action spectra 5

9 Photoselective coatings Far red Shade avoidance Leaf shape and thickness Flowering time Stem elongation Photoselective coatings Infra red films Heat rejection Thermal control Quality improvements Less ventilation, higher CO2 Solartrol 3M Prestige 90 Multi layer filters Far red removed Direct and diffuse radiation. Greenhouse shape is important Scattering out of greenhouse Cambridge, UK, Flat surfaces are better, highly curves shapes will lose energy Direct and diffuse radiation. Direct and diffuse radiation. Diffuse: even canopy temperatures Less thermal stress on the top of the canopy Canopy develops more leaf Leaves tend to be thinner but larger Reduced leaf burn Anthuriums grown at Wagningen EU, data courtesy of F. van Noort Tomatoes; Liu et al., Ann Bot (114), Tomatoes; Liu et al., Ann Bot (114),

10 Direct and diffuse radiation. Higher rate of canopy photosynthesis Liu showed +7.1% in 71% haze glass Higher yield, Dueck (2012) on tomatoes showed +7.8 and 9.4% yield increases under 45 and 71% haze Direct and diffuse radiation. Diffuse polythene now used for 10 years by soft fruit industry Diffuse glass widely adopted for Dutch new build sites What are options for UK growers? Direct and diffuse radiation. Whitewash Has a diffusing effect also reduces PAR Little known. Optical properties, cleaning, durability, dose rates etc. Screens Tend to block PAR rather than diffuse Opportunity for new materials Highly diffuse with little impact on PAR Direct and diffuse radiation. Represents a huge opportunity, but.. Little known about how to apply paint based coats Materials technology is required, in particular materials optimisation Crop responses just starting to be understood Materials technology is moving fast We will publish a wide ranging review this summer LED s LED s 7

11 Photon Flux (umol m 2 nm 1) Photon Flux (umol m 2 nm 1) Wavelength (nm) Wavelength (nm) Photon Flux (umol m 2 nm 1) Photon Flux (umol m 2 nm 1) Wavelength (nm) Wavelength (nm) LEDs High energy efficiency..+30% Controlled spectral output Defined luminaire distribution Long life Though Reduced total radiation output Which spectra for different crops.? Huge potential for the future, very fast moving field Very diverse spectral outputs.. 8

12 The National Cut Flower Centre Ltd HDC Project PO/BOF Trials Programme Trials in 2015 (Haygrove tunnel) Zinnia Benary s Giant Planted in week 18 Noordam and Florensis ornamental brassica trial Planted in week 29 (Noordam) and week 30 (Florensis) Late direct seeded fillers Sown in week 31 Trials in 2015 (First triple span) Hilverda delphinium Alstroemeria seasonal crop Aster ericoides blackout trial second year New varieties of Leucanthemum Hilverda Tiara spray carnations Green dianthus from Hilverda New pinks from Whetmans Crates from the commercial lily growing media trial Trials in 2015 (Second triple span) Trachelium variety, spacing and pinching trial Comparing pinched and single stem production of 3 different plantings of Lake Forest and Lake Michigan Planted in week 18, 22 and 24 at 64 per sq/m and 25 per sq/m The first planting was cropped in week 30 and 31 and will be cut back for a second flush Trials in 2015 (Third triple span) Direct seeded fillers drilled in week 17, 20, 24 and 29 Results are very variable this year and plants are much slower to flower than last year Carthamus, Bupleurum and Cosmos started cropping in week 29 Outdoor Trials (2015) Hardy foliage demonstration plots Sedum variety trial Alstroemeria spot crop trial Direct seeded fillers variety trial Eryngium variety trial ADAS direct seeded aster and larkspur herbicide trial ADAS sweet william and wallflower herbicide trial Ornamental brassica trial 9

13 Trachelium trial Looking at planting date, varieties and pinched vs non pinched Planted in week 17, 20 and 24 at a spacing of 64 per sq/m (single stem) and 25 per sq/m (pinched) Varieties include Lake Forest - blue, purple and white and Lake Michigan - purple, blue, white and red Very vigorous growth in the early plantings First planting cropped in week 30 and 31 Direct seeded fillers Looking at continuity and vase life of a wide range, as requested by the supermarkets Sown outside and under protection from week 17 to 31 Included Ammi majus and A. visnaga, Anthriscus sylvestris, Bupleurum, Cosmos, Carthamus, Dill, Euphorbia and Ridolfia Some early sowings have performed poorly, presumably due to the extremes of weather All products are being vase life tested Alstroemeria trial Continuing to look at the possibility of developing a seasonal crop using older, none royalty varieties grown both outdoors and under protection Wide range of varieties supplied by Parigo, varieties planted in 2014 First flowers were picked in early June and they have cropped continuously since then Big differences between varieties Ornamental brassica trial Trialing the varieties from Noordam and Florensis, which are available from Takii, Evanthia and Sakata Noordam varieties planted in week 29 and Florensis in week 30 Netted to ensure that the local wildlife does not have a free banquet! Obviously many weeks away from maturity Zinnia This year just growing Benary s Giant in order to undertake more vase life work in conjunction with Chrysal Planted in week 18 and started cropping in week 28 No problems this year with Xanthomonas bacterial leaf spot Lily growing media trial Looking at combinations of anaerobic digestate (AD), lily peat and coir Includes mixes with, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% AD Also one third coir and two thirds AD, as well as 100% coir Trials undertaken on two commercial nurseries and planted in week 20 and week 22 As may be expected, the higher the level of AD, the poorer the crop. Coir at 100% looks superb 10

14 Others Hilverda Tiara spray carnations Hilverda Zinzi gypsophila Hilverda delphiniums Hilverda green dianthus Aster ericoides blackout trial Hardy foliage demonstration plots Eryngium variety trials ADAS herbicide trials How to be involved and access CFA information Go to for updates and topical items Discuss topics /issues with any MG member Attend open days Obtain copies of CFA reports / technical notes via the AHDB or the CFA websites Read AHDB Grower magazine (was HDC News) LET US KNOW WHAT TRIALS YOU WANT! Thank you to: David and Elaine Robinson Tabitha, Verban and the Rookery Farm Team CFC Management Group, especially Sue Lamb for organising the distribution of samples All of our suppliers The AHDB of course Growers who have given us feedback (positive or negative) Anyone else that I have forgotten! 11

15 Herbicides screening for ornamental plant production (cut flowers and wallflowers) AHDB Horticulture Project HNS/PO 192a John Atwood and Chloe Whiteside, ADAS Objective 1 To test nine new herbicide treatments, alone or in combinations, for crop safety on four drilled flower species at the CFC: China aster Larkspur Sweet william Wallflower Cut Flower Centre 5 August 2015 Species 1: China aster Key events Date Action Trial area cultivated, plots marked out, pre drilling treatments applied and incorporated into seed bed. Trial drilled Post drilling treatments applied and area covered with clear polythene Polythene removed. 1 st phytotoxicity assessment 4 WAT. No. of emerged asters recorded nd phytotoxicity assessment 6 WAT. No. of emerged asters recorded and % weed cover noted Post emergence treatment applied to relevant plots, crop at 4 true leaf stage rd phytotoxicity assessment 10 WAT and 1 WAT for post emergence treatment Trt no. Pre drilling Species 1: China aster Treatment list Rate kg/ha or L/ha Post drilling Rate kg/ha or L/ha 1 Untreated Untreated 2 Benfluralin (incorp) 2 Gamit 36 CS Untreated Kerb Flo Untreated Nirvana 3 5 Untreated Nirvana Untreated Stomp Aqua + Gamit 36 CS Untreated Stomp Aqua + Gamit 36 CS Untreated Stomp Aqua + Gamit 36 CS Untreated Shark (post em of crop & weeds) Untreated Shark (post em of crop & weeds) 0.66 Emergence 4 WAT Phytotoxicity 4 WAT Shark treatment omitted as plots are untreated at this stage Shark treatment omitted as plots are untreated at this stage 12

16 % weed cover 6 WAT Phytotoxicity 10 WAT and 1 WAT fo r Shark Shark treatment omitted as plots are untreated at this stage Trial10 WAT and 1 WAT fo r Shark Species 2: Larkspur Key events Untreated Nirvana 4.5 L/ha Date Action Trial area cultivated, plots marked out, pre drilling treatments applied and incorporated into seed bed. Trial drilled Post drilling treatments applied Crop emergence has been very slow, trial checked and some emergence starting to show in about half of the plots st phytotoxicity assessment 9 WAT. No. of emerged larkspur recorded and % weed cover noted. Stomp + Gamit L/ha Shark 0.66 L/ha Species 2: Larkspur Treatment list Emergence 9 WAT Trt Pre drilling Rate kg/ha Post drilling Rate kg/ha no. or L/ha or L/ha 1 Untreated Untreated 2 Benfluralin (incorp) 2 Defy 4 3 Benfluralin (incorp) 2 Gamit 36 CS Untreated Stomp Aqua + Gamit 36 CS Untreated StompAqua+Defy Untreated Stomp Aqua + Dual Gold Untreated Wing P Untreated Dual Gold + Gamit 36 CS Untreated HDC H22 X 10 Untreated HDC H24 X 13

17 Phytotoxicity 9 WAT % weed cover 9 WAT Trial10 W AT Species 3: Sweet william Key events Untreated H22 Date Action Trial area cultivated, plots marked out, pre drilling treatments applied and incorporated into seed bed Trial hand sown Post drilling treatments applied Stomp Aqua + Gamit 36 CS Species 3: Sweet william Treatment list Trt no. Pre drilling Rate kg/ha or L/ha Post drilling Rate kg/ha or L/ha 1 Untreated Untreated 2 Benfluralin (incorp) 2 Defy 2 3 Untreated Stomp Aqua + Goltix 70 SC Untreated Stomp Aqua + Goltix 70 SC Untreated Stomp Aqua + Defy Untreated Stomp Aqua + Defy Untreated StompAqua+Defy Untreated StompAqua+Defy Untreated Goltix 70 SC 2 10 Untreated Shark (post em of crop & weeds) 0.33 Species 4: Wallflower Key events 14

18 Species 4: Wallflower Treatment list Trt Pre drilling Rate kg/ha Post drilling Rate kg/ha no. or L/ha or L/ha 1 Untreated Untreated 2 Benfluralin (incorp) 2 Butisan S 1 3 Benfluralin (incorp) 2 Butisan S + Gamit 36 CS Benfluralin (incorp) 2 Gamit 36 CS Untreated Stomp Aqua + Gamit 36 CS Untreated Stomp Aqua + Gamit 36 CS Untreated Wing P Untreated Wing P Untreated Wing P+Gamit36CS Untreated Wing P + Gamit 36 CS Objective 2 To demonstrate three promising herbicide treatments in larger demonstration plots on growers holdings for sweet william and transplanted china aster Sweet william 1: Belmont Nursery Key events Date Action Plots marked out, trial drilled and post drilling treatments applied st phytotoxicity assessment 6 WAT, no. of emerged sweet william recorded and % weed cover noted Post emergence treatment applied to relevant plots nd phytotoxicity assessment 8 WAT, no. of emerged sweet william recorded and % weed cover noted Sweet william 1: Belmont Nursery Treatment list Trt no. Post drilling Rate kg/ha or L/ha Post emergence (sub plots only) 1 Stomp Aqua + Defy Shark Stomp Aqua + Defy 1 +2 Shark Grower standard (Ronstar) 4 Rate kg/ha or L/ha Emergence 8 WAT Phytotoxicity 8 WAT * Shark applied 4 days before * Shark applied 4 days before 15

19 % weed cover 8 WAT Sweet william 2: Poplar Farm Key events Date Action Trial drilled Plots marked out and post drilling treatments applied * Shark applied 4 days before Trt no. Sweet william 2: Poplar Farm Treatment list Post drilling Rate kg/ha or L/ha Post emergence (sub plots only) Rate kg/ha or L/ha 1 Stomp Aqua + Defy Shark Stomp Aqua + Defy Shark Grower standard (Hand weeded) Transplanted China aster: J.A Collisons Key events Date Action Pre transplanting treatments applied by grower Trial transplanted Weed count completed 5 WAT. No phytotoxicity seen Post emergence treatment applied, crop at 8 9 true leaves Some scorch visible from post emergence treatment Transplanted China aster: J.A Collisons Treatment list Weed count 5 WAT Trt no. Pre planting Rate kg/ha or L/ha Post emergence (sub plots only) 1 Stomp Aqua + Gamit 36 CS Shark Stomp Aqua + Dual Gold Grower standard (Ronstar) 4 Rate kg/ha or L/ha Shark not yet applied 16

20 Commercial treatments to try sweet william At drilling Stomp Aqua 0.75 L/ha + Defy 1.0 L/ha Young plant stage Butisan S 1.5 L/ha Shark 0.33 L/ha Late winter/spring Venzar Flo 1.5 L/ha Shark 0.33 L/ha Commercial treatments to try transplanted China aster Before planting Stomp Aqua 2.0 L/ha + Gamit 36 CS 0.25 L/ha Post planting (if required) Shark 0.33 L/ha Commercial treatments to try drilled China aster At drilling Stomp Aqua 2.0 L/ha + Gamit 36 CS L/ha Young plant (if required) Shark 0.33 L/ha Acknowledgements ADAS Scientific Support Team Lyndon Mason and Cut Flower Centre Staff Belmont Nursery Poplar Farm Flowers J. A Collison & Sons 17

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22 CFC Trials Summary 2015 ALSTROEMERIA Purpose of trial - to demonstrate and determine the viability of a seasonal crop of alstroemeria both outdoors and under protection using older varieties which do not have royalties charged on them. Plant supplier - Parigo. Varieties - Apollo, Avanti, Bonanza, Candy, Dana, Flaming Star, Friendship, Golden Delight, Nina, Orange Supreme, Pink Sensation and Tanya. Planting density - 5 per sq/m. Planting date - week 22 under protection and week 23 outside (2014). Harvesting date - the protected crop started to flush in week 23 and has been cropping continually ever since. There have been very few flowers produced by the outdoor crop. Results/observations to date - in the second year, many of the varieties are producing a large number of long, high quality stems. The numbers of stems from each variety is being recorded and at this stage, it looks like a commercial proposition. 19

23 DIANTHUS (VARIOUS) Purpose of trial - to investigate new varieties coming onto the market. Plant suppliers - Hilverda Kooij and Whetman Pinks. Varieties Cherry Daiquiri, Cosmopolitan, Green Magma, Green Trick, Green Wicky, Mojito, Shirley Temple, Tequila Sunrise Tiara (coral pink and lilac). Planting date - week 22, 2014 for the Tiara and week 24, 2015 for the others. Harvesting date - week 29 for the green varieties, the others are not yet ready to harvest. Results/observations to date - the Tiara is producing a good second year flush. The green varieties have produced some strong stems but it is too early to assess the performance of the pinks. 20

24 HARDY FOLIAGE Purpose of trial - to demonstrate the potential of hardy foliage production in the UK. Plant supplier - Kolster BV. Planting date - mainly spring 2010 and some in spring Pruned back very hard in early March Results/observations - most subjects have established well and marketable stems were cropped from 2012 onwards. Some commercial plantings have now been undertaken on local nurseries. 21

25 LILY ALTERNATIVE GROWING MEDIA TRIAL Purpose of trial - to investigate the use of coir and anaerobic digestate (AD) for the production of boxed lilies. Varieties - Alma Ata and Capistrano. Planting date - week 20 at James Cole and week 22 at Stephen Munson. Harvesting date - not yet harvested. Results/observations to date - the full assessments have yet to be completed, but the higher percentage of AD (above 60%) seems to have shortened the stems, whereas the 100% coir is performing as well, if not better, than the standard lily peat. However, the mixture of coir and AD has generated quite a lot of leaf yellowing. 22

26 ORNAMENTAL BRASSICA Purpose of trial - to examine the full range of genetics that are available from the main propagators. Plant suppliers - Noordam and Florensis. Varieties - Agantha, Athonia, Bogdana, Condor (early white and pure white), Crane (bicolour, green, pink, red, rose, white), First lady, Galina, Kenya, Svetlana and Vera. Planting density - 64 per sq/m. Planting date - week 29 for Noordam and week 30 and 31 for Florensis. Harvesting date - not yet ready to harvest. Results/observations to date - too early to make any comment. 23

27 SEDUM Purpose of trial - to assess a range of standard and unusual varieties and assess the potential of the crop in the UK. Plant supplier Kolster BV. Planting date and Harvesting date - July onwards. Results/observations to date - the crop produces no marketable stems in the first year of planting but in year 2 and 3 the stem count, weight and length have been very impressive. The crop is generating quite a bit of market interest and some commercial plantings have now been made. 24

28 SEED RAISED FILLERS (outdoors and under protection) Purpose of trial - to investigate the continuity and vase life of a range of seed raised fillers. Seed supplier - Moles seeds. Varieties - Ammi majus and A. visnaga, Anthriscus sylvestris, Bupleurum, Carthamus, Cosmos, Dill, Euphorbia, and Ridolfia. Planting density - variable, but most thinned to 4 to 6 cms. Planting date - week 17 to week 31. Harvesting date - first Carthamus and Bupleurum in week 30. Results/observations to date - very different results to last years and much slower to mature. For some species, such as Bupluerum, Carthamus and dill, it may be possible to get two rounds from a Spanish tunnel but others, such as Ammi, are probably too slow. Also, pest damage has been quite an issue this year. 25

29 TRACHELIUM Purpose of trial - to investigate planting dates and compare a pinched and nonpinched crop using a number of commercial varieties. Plant supplier Florensis. Varieties Lake Forrest (blue, purple and white) and Lake Michigan (blue, purple, red, white and wine). Planting density - 64 per sq/m single stem and 25 per sq/m pinched. Planting date - week 18, 22 and week 25. Harvesting date - first stems harvested in week 30. Results/observations to date - as would be expected the pinched crop is later than the single stem crop and there are distinct varietal differences in terms of flowering time and stem strength. The first planting has produced a large number of marketable stems. 26

30 ZINNIA Purpose of trial - to try and enhance the vase life of Zinnia. Seed supplier - Benary. Variety - Benary s Giant (various colours). Planting density - 25 per sq/m. Planting date - week 18. Harvesting date - first stems ready in week 28. Results/observations to date - the crop has grown away well and is producing a good flush of flowers. We hope to start vase life trials soon in conjunction with Chrysal. To date we have not seen any Xanthomonas problems this year. 27

31 OTHER TRIALS Other small trials feature work on: Anthriscus sylvestris, second year blacked out Aster ericoides, delphinium and Leucanthemum. 28

32 Haygrove Tunnel BRASSICAS FILLERS ZINNIAS Week 30 Week 29 Week 31 Week 18 GALINA CONDOR PURE WHITE CONDOR PURE WHITE Carthamus GIANT WINE CRANE BICOLOR CRANE ROSE AGATHANA CRANE BICOLOUR CRANE ROSE AGATHANA SCARLET FIRST LADY SVETLANA Bupleurum BRIGHT PINK ATHONIA CRANE WHITE CRANE RED VERA CRANE WHITE CRANE RED SALMON ROSE CONDOR EARLY WHITE CONDOR EARLY WHITE Dill ORANGE CRANE GREEN BOGDANA DEEP RED CRANE PINK KENYA DAHLIA MIX BRASSICAS Week 29 Week 30 Week 18 ZINNIAS GALINA Bogdana CONDOR PURE WHITE CONDOR PURE WHITE Ksenia GIANT CARMINE CRANE BICOLOUR CRANE BICOLOR CRANE ROSE CRANE ROSE Kysia GIANT LILAC AGATHANA AGATHANA SVETLANA FIRST LADY Vera BRIGHT PINK VERA ATHONIA CRANE WHITE CRANE WHITE Bright Wine GIANT PURPLE CRANE RED CRANE RED CONDOR EARLY WHITE CONDOR EARLY WHITE Olga GIANT WHITE BOGDANA CRANE GREEN Varvara GOLD YELLOW KENYA CRANE PINK GIANT CORAL ROAD END 29

33 Pro Tech tunnel 1 Aster ericoides Week 18 (2014) CASSY ANTHRISCUS SYLVESTRIS EUPHORBIA OBLONGATA CAIRO CARNATION Tiara Coral Pink GREEN TRICK MAGMA DIANTHUS CHICAGO CARNATION Tiara Lilac LEUCANTHEMUM Fizzy WICKY TEQUILA SUNRISE MOJITO PINKS LEUCANTHEMUM COSMOPOLITAN CAPETOWN Frilly SHIRLEY TEMPLE LEUCANTHEMUM Fancy CHERRY DAIQUIRI DELPHINIUM ALSTROEMERIA ALSTROEMERIA Week 22 (2014) Week 22 (2014) Week 22 (2014) SKY WALTZ DANA ORANGE SUPREME SEA WALTZ FLAMING STAR FRIENDSHIP LILY ALTERNATIVE GROWING MEDIA CRATES FROM TANGO DARK APOLLO TANYA ONE OF THE TRIAL BLUE SITES SKY WALTZ PINK SENSATION BONANZA SEA WALTZ NINA GOLDEN DELIGHT TANGO DARK AVANTI CANDY BLUE ROAD END 30

34 Pro Tech tunnel 2 Trachelium Trachelium Trachelium Week 18 (pinched) Week 22 (pinched) Week 25 (pinched) LAKE MICHIGAN RED LAKE MICHIGAN BLUE LAKE FOREST PURPLE Replicated LAKE FOREST WHITE LAKE MICHIGAN WHITE pinched crop LAKE MICHIGAN PURPLE LAKE MICHIGAN BLUE See coloured LAKE FOREST BLUE LAKE FOREST WHITE plan. LAKE MICHIGAN WHITE LAKE MICHIGAN PURPLE LAKE MICHIGAN RED LAKE FOREST BLUE LAKE FOREST PURPLE Week 18 (single stem) Week 22 (single stem) Week 25 (single stem) LAKE MICHIGAN RED LAKE MICHIGAN BLUE LAKE FOREST WHITE Replicated LAKE FOREST WHITE LAKE FOREST PURPLE single stem LAKE MICHIGAN RED LAKE MICHIGAN BLUE See coloured LAKE FOREST PURPLE LAKE MICHIGAN WHITE plan. LAKE MICHIGAN WHITE LAKE MICHIGAN PURPLE LAKE FOREST BLUE LAKE FOREST BLUE LAKE MICHIGAN PURPLE ROAD END 31

35 Lake Forest Blue Lake Michagan wine red Lake Michigan white Lake Michigan purple Lake Forest purple Lake Michigan blue Lake Forest white 32

36 Pro Tech tunnel 3 Seed Raised fillers Week 24 Week 24 Week 28 Week 28 AMMI MAJUS COSMOS SONATA PINK AMMI MAJUS COSMOS SONATA PINK AMMI VISNAGA COSMOS PSYCHE WHITE AMMI VISNAGA COSMOS PSYCHE WHITE DILL COSMOS PURITY DILL COSMOS PURITY BLUPLUREUM COSMOS DOUBLE CLICK CRANBERRIES BLUPLUREUM COSMOS DOUBLE CLICK CRANBERRIES CARTHEMUS NEMO COSMOS ANTIQUITY BLUPLUREUM COSMOS ANTIQUITY CARTHEMUS KINKO COSMOS CANDY STRIPE CARTHEMUS NERO COSMOS CANDY STRIPE CARTHEMUS SHIRO RIDOLFIA CARTHEMUS NERO RIDOLFIA Week 17 Week 17 Week 20 Week 20 AMMI MAJUS COSMOS SONATA PINK AMMI MAJUS COSMOS SONATA PINK AMMI VISNAGA COSMOS PSYCHE WHITE AMMI VISNAGA COSMOS PSYCHE WHITE COSMOS FIZZY ROSE PICOTEE DILL DILL COSMOS PURITY COSMOS DOUBLE CLICK COSMOS DOUBLE CRANBERRIES BLUPLUREUM BLUPLUREUM CLICK CRANBERRIES CARTHEMUS NEMO COSMOS ANTIQUITY CARTHEMUS NEMO COSMOS ANTIQUITY CARTHEMUS KINKO RIDOLFIA CARTHEMUS KINKO COSMOS CANDY STRIPE CARTHEMUS SHIRO DILL CARTHEMUS SHIRO RIDOLFIA ROAD END 33

37 Outdoor Annuals Area Outdoor Brassica Seed raised fillers Cosms Week 29 Week 29 Week 30 Week 24 Week 24 VERA GALINA ANTHRISCUS RAVENSWING ANTIQUITY CRANE WHITE CONDOR PURE WHITE DILL DOUBLE CLICK CRANBERRIES CRANE RED CRANE BICOLOUR CRANE QUEEN AMMI MAJUS PSYCHE WHITE CONDOR EARLY WHITE CRANE ROSE CRANE PINK AMMI VISNAGA SONATA PINK BOGDANA AGATHANA ATHONIA FIZZY ROSE AMMI MAJUS PICOTEE KENYA SVETLANA FIRST LADY BLUPLEREUM CARTHEMUS SHIRO CARTHEMUS KINKO CARTHEMUS NEMO CANDY STRIPE RUBENZA SENSATION DAZZLER SONATA WHITE 34

38 Outdoor Perennial Area Week 23 (2014) Week 23 (2014) Euphorbia Oblongata Erygium Eryngium Gypsophila Zinzi Tyree Marbella Deep blue Sedum Gypsophila Discovery Erygium Eryngium Mr Goodbud Alstroemeria Pink Sensation Blue Bell Ble Bell Alstroemeria Flaming Star Anthriscus Eryngium Alstroemeria Friendship sylvestris Marbella Sedum Alstroemeria Dana Aster Eryngium Magical Bon Bon Alstroemeria Bonanza Chicago Arabian Dawn Alstroemeria Candy Aster Eryngium Sedum Alstroemeria Golden Delight CapeTown Magical Purple Falls Magical Lizzie Alstroemeria Apollo Aster Eryngium Alstroemeria Nina Cairo Magical Blue Falls Alstroemeria Avanti Aster Eryngium Sedum Kniphofia Alstroemeria Tanya Cassey Magical Cloud Alstroemeria Orange Supreme Magical Citrus Twist Torchbearer 35

39 G:\Communications\Comms Delivery\Events\2015 Events\CFC Open Day (Aug 05)\Handout\7. ADAS CFC herbicide trials plan ALL TABS.xlsx China aster Trial plan N CHINA ASTER Field 1 m discard Block Plot Trt Block Plot Trt m Other trials Trt Pre drilling Rate kg/ha or L/ha Post drilling Rate kg/ha or L/ha No space here between blocks 1 Untreated - Untreated Benfluralin (incorp) 4 Untreated 2 - Gamit 36 CS Nirvana Untreated 5 Untreated - - Kerb Flo 400 Nirvana m 6 Untreated - Stomp Aqua + Gamit 36 CS Untreated - Stomp Aqua + Gamit 36 CS Untreated - Stomp Aqua + Gamit 36 CS Untreated - Shark (post em) Untreated - Shark (post em) Approx 0.5m m discard 1.2m Tunnels Road ADAS CFC herbicide trials plan ALL TABS.xlsx 1 of 1 28/07/2015

40 G:\Communications\Comms Delivery\Events\2015 Events\CFC Open Day (Aug 05)\Handout\7. ADAS CFC herbicide trials plan ALL TABS.xlsx Larkspur Trial plan N LARKSPUR Field 1 m discard Block Plot Trt Block Plot Trt m Other trials Trt Pre drilling Rate kg/ha or L/ha Post drilling Rate kg/ha or L/ha 1 Untreated - Untreated - No space here between blocks 2 Benfluralin (incorp) 2 Defy Benfluralin (incorp) 5 Untreated 2 - Gamit 36 CS Stomp Aqua + Defy Untreated 6 Untreated - - Stomp Aqua + Gamit 36 CS Stomp Aqua + Dual Gold m 7 Untreated - Wing-P Untreated - Dual Gold + Gamit 36 CS Untreated - HDC H22 X 10 Untreated - HDC H24 X Approx 0.5m m discard 1.2m Tunnels Road ADAS CFC herbicide trials plan ALL TABS.xlsx 1 of 1 28/07/2015

41 N Field 1 m discard SWEET WILLIAMS Block Plot Trt Block Plot Trt m Other trials Trt Pre drilling Rate kg/ha or L/ha Post drilling Rate kg/ha or L/ha No space here between blocks 1 Untreated - Untreated Benfluralin (incorp) 2 Defy 2 3 Untreated - Stomp Aqua + Goltix 70 SC m 4 Untreated - Stomp Aqua + Goltix 70 SC Untreated - Stomp Aqua + Defy Untreated 8 Untreated - - Stomp Aqua + Defy Stomp Aqua + Defy Untreated 9 Untreated - - Stomp Aqua + Defy Goltix 70 SC Untreated - Shark (post em of crop and weeds) Approx 0.5m m discard 1.2m Tunnels Road 38

42 G:\Communications\Comms Delivery\Events\2015 Events\CFC Open Day (Aug 05)\Handout\7. ADAS CFC herbicide trials plan ALL TABS.xlsx Wallflower Trial plan N Field 1 m discard WALLFLOWER Block Plot Trt Block Plot Trt m Other trials Trt Pre drilling Rate kg/ha or L/ha Post drilling Rate kg/ha or L/ha No space here between blocks 1 Untreated - Untreated Benfluralin (incorp) 2 Butisan S 1 3 Benfluralin (incorp) 2 Butisan S + Gamit 36 CS m 4 Benfluralin (incorp) 2 Gamit 36 CS Untreated - Stomp Aqua + Gamit 36 CS Untreated 8 Untreated - - Stomp Aqua + Gamit 36 CS Wing-P Untreated 9 Untreated - - Wing-P Wing-P + Gamit 36 CS Untreated - Wing-P + Gamit 36 CS Appro x 0.5m m discard 1.2m Tunnels Road ADAS CFC herbicide trials plan ALL TABS.xlsx 1 of 1 28/07/2015

43 Over recent years ADHB Horticulture has produced a wide range of factsheets and publications which you can order by putting a tick next to the publication(s) you require and returning this form to the address below. Factsheets 09/15 Selection and use of splash-resistant single use (SRSU) protective gloves for workers handling treated plants and contaminated surfaces 06/15 Improving the efficacy of plant protection applications to ornamental crops via hand-held sprayers 18/04 Getting the best from biopesticides 07/14 Control of the important leaf and root diseases of pansy and viola 05/14 Continued management of impatiens downy mildew 03/14 Use of chemical disinfectants in protected ornamental plant production 04/13 Ornamental plant production: The use of chemical plant growth regulators on protected ornamentals 01/13 Practical measures to prevent and manage insecticide, fungicide and herbicide resistance for horticultural crops 26/12 Bacterial diseases of protected ornamentals 06/10 Grower system for rearing the predatory beetle Atheta Coriaria 17/09 Seed-borne diseases of ornamentals: prevalence and control 14/09 Thrips control on protected ornamental crops 13/09 Guidelines for minimising latent grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in cut flowers and pot plants 12/09 The biology and control of the mites in pot and bedding plants 11/09 Impatiens downy mildew (Good Horticultural Practice Guide) 10/09 Energy management in protected cropping: Management of CO2 enrichment (PC 110a, 159, 188a, 265, 287) 09/09 Energy management in protected cropping: Horticultural lighting (PC 92, 92e, 128, 176, 270) 08/09 Energy management in protected cropping: The use of screens (PC 198, 198a, 227, 227a) 07/09 Energy management in protected cropping: Humidity control (PC 121, 188, 207, 285) 06/09 Energy management in protected cropping: Manipulation of glasshouse temperature (PC 41, 41a, 49, 71c, 71d, 92, 92a, 155, 188a, 197, 206, 207, 227a) 05/09 Energy management in protected cropping: Good housekeeping (PC 198, 198a, 227, 278) 03/09 Biobeds for treatment of pesticide waste and washings 06/08 A guide to best practice in handling bought-in plants 01/08 A guide to simple and effective nursery trials 20/07 Disease control in cyclamen Key: = Out of stock until further notice = Electronic version only = Via AHDB Horticulture website only 40

44 15/07 Control of leaf miners on pot and bedding plants 10/07 Guidelines on nursery hygiene for outdoor and protected ornamental crops 09/07 Soil disinfestation options for cut flower growers (PC 213, PC 213a, PC 249 & BOF 45) 08/07 Integrated management of stock fusarium wilt (PC 213, PC 213a, PC 249) 15/06 Water quality for irrigation of container ornamentals 14/06 Guidelines and best practice for pesticide spray application in protected ornamental Crops (revised 2007) 13/06 Caterpillars of protected ornamental crops 07/06 Energy saving in poinsettia production (PC 41, 71c, 71d, 155, 190, 207) 03/06 Guidelines for the post-harvest handling of cut lilies 02/06 Guidelines for the post-harvest handling of summer cut flowers and cut foliage 24/05 Guidelines for the post-harvest handling of cut flowers 15/05 Use of chemical disinfectants in protected ornamental production 14/05 Control of whiteflies on protected ornamental crops 09/05 Low temperature storage of bedding plant plugs (PC 196 & PC 196a) 07/05 Securing your water supply for the future 17/04 Control of Pythium, Phytophthora and Rhizoctonia in pot and bedding plants 05/04 Impatiens downy mildew 12/03 Control of lisianthus downy mildew (PC 179) 11/03 Control of powdery mildew diseases on cut flowers (BOF 44) 25/02 Controlling humidity to minimise the incidence of grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in container-grown ornamentals: heated glasshouse crops 24/02 Control of grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in container grown ornamentals: heated greenhouse 23/02 Control of grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in container-grown ornamentals: heated glasshouse crops 19/02 Control of downy mildew, black root rot and Ramularia leaf spot on pansy and viola(pc 143, PC 38a & PC 38c) 17/02 Powdery mildew diseases of poinsettia (PC 191) 09/02 Control of rust diseases of protected bedding plants (PC 175) 08/02 Control of Sciarid flies in protected ornamentals Information Sheets Snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus) as a cut flower crop grown in polythene tunnels Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) as a cut flower crop grown in polythene tunnels The National Cut Flower Centre and Cut Flower Growers Association information sheet Summary of the Cut Flower Centre (CFC) trial examining the susceptibility of a wide range of different varieties of column stocks (Matthiola incana) to fusarium wilt Key: = Out of stock until further notice = Electronic version only = Via AHDB Horticulture website only 41

45 Field- and tunnel-grown cut-flowers with potential for UK exploitation: A review of trials programmes and research on novel subjects Summary of Cut Flower Centre (CFC) trial results for a new range of Solomio and Star spray carnations from Hilverda Kooji (2012) Summary of Cut Flower Centre (CFC) trial results for a new range of Breanthus annual dianthus from Hilverda Kooji (2012) Annual dianthus (Dianthus barbatus hybrids) as a cut flower Sector Review Magazines Ornamentals Review 2014 Ornamentals Review Crop Walkers Guides Cut Flower Crop Walker Guide Pot & Bedding Crop Walkers Guide Crop Monitoring Pads Protected Ornamentals Crop Monitoring Pad Wall Charts Common pests and diseases of protected cut flowers Common pests and diseases of bedding and pot plants Guides BOPP Best Practice Guide: Managing water and preventing pollution on ornamental nurseries Air movement in glasshouses a grower guide- Micro-Turbine CHP Units Their application in protected horticulture - Ornamental plant quality developing a whole business management system - a grower guide Supplementary lighting of pot chrysanthemums (PC 92e) - DVDs Spray Check: A Tutorial DVD for Spray Operators. Key: = Out of stock until further notice = Electronic version only = Via AHDB Horticulture website only 42

46 Health & safety in horticulture - an awareness DVD in ten languages (plus English) Best practice for outdoor flower harvesting a training DVD- Limited Stock Computer Programmes AHDB Irrigation Calculator A graphical tool to improve irrigation water distribution (accompanies factsheet 16/05) Poinsettia Tracker Version A graphical tracking tool to assist in height management of poinsettia Your Order Please fill in the form and return it to: Louise Arculus/Victoria Routledge, AHDB Horticulture, Stoneleigh Park, Kenilworth, Warwickshire CV8 2TL, or to: hort.info@.ahdb.org.uk. Name:... Address:... Post Code: Tel No:.. Levy payer/associate Number:.. Key: = Out of stock until further notice = Electronic version only = Via AHDB Horticulture website only 43

47 Over recent years AHDB Horticulture has produced a wide range of factsheets and publications which you can order by putting a tick next to the publication(s) you require and returning this form to the address below. Factsheets 09/15 Selection and use of splash-resistant single use (SRSU) protective gloves for workers handling treated plants and contaminated surfaces 06/15 Improving the efficacy of plant protection applications to ornamental crops via hand-held sprayers 18/14 Getting the best from biopesticides 11/13 Weed control in narcissus 10/13 Hot Water Treatment of daffodil bulbs 01/13 Practical measures to prevent and manage insecticide, fungicide and herbicide resistance for horticultural crops 26/10 Green manures implications of economic and environmental benefits on rotational management 25/10 Green manures species selection 24/10 Green manures effects on soil nutrient management and soil physical and biological properties 03/09 Biobeds for treatment of pesticide waste and washings 05/08 Management of large narcissus fly (BOF 53, 55 & Defra project HH1747TBU) 09/07 Soil disinfestation options for cut flower growers (PC 213, PC 213a, PC 249 & BOF 45) 08/07 Integrated management of stock fusarium wilt (PC 213, PC 213a, PC 249) 04/06 Guidelines for the post-harvest handling of cut tulips 03/06 Guidelines for the post-harvest handling of cut lilies 02/06 Guidelines for the post-harvest handling of summer cut flowers and cut foliage 04/06 Guidelines for the post-harvest handling of cut tulips 24/05 Guidelines for the post-harvest handling of cut flowers 07/05 Securing your water supply for the future 13/04 Acidification of Storite in HWT for narcissus basal rot control (BOF 43 & BOF 43a) 14/03 Control of narcissus smoulder and white mould (BOF 41) 11/03 Control of powdery mildew diseases on cut flowers (BOF 44) Key: = Out of stock until further notice = Electronic version only = Via AHDB Horticulture website only 44