Production Of Taro (Colocasia esculenta) Planting Material Enhanced By Bioreactor System.

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1 Production Of Taro (Colocasia esculenta) Planting Material Enhanced By Bioreactor System. WORLD CONGRESS OF ROOT AND TUBER CROPS Ulamila D. Lutu and Valerie S. Tuia 19 th January, 2016

2 Project Context Taro is a staple food crop throughout the Pacific Island region. Important: Ø Culturally Ø Dietary Ø Economically Taro was a major export of Samoa throughout the 1980s but was decimated by Phytophthora colocasiae leaf blight in Food and income security. Focus on the supply chain of taro in Samoa: Ø adequate supply of planong material Ø good quality Ø market preferred To supply domesoc and export markets. TIP bred some 5 varieoes from crosses of varieoes from Palau, FSM and Philippines and Asian materials.

3 OBJECTIVE Support the sustainable growth of Samoa s taro domes6c and export market by: Improving methods for mul6plying plan6ng material Developing a new effec6ve and rapid mass propaga6on system using modern applica6on of biotechnology- BIOREACTOR SYSTEM.

4 METHODOLOGY 2 varieoes: v Nuu 20 (BL/SM/201) v Talo meamata (BL/SM/202) All plantlets were precultured on solid MS for 2-3 weeks prior to experiments. 10 replicates per variety per treatment Culture vessels used: v McCartney glass bo]les (28 ml) v Cospak glass bo]les (125 ml) v Bioreactor bo]le (2,700 cm 2 ) Cultures exposed to: v Temperature: 25 o C ± 2 O C v Light intensity: 2668 lux irradiance v 18 hours day length

5 5 METHODS METHOD STAGES (Culture Vessels) 4: All glass bocles: 1: small (28 ml) 2-4: big (125 ml) TREATMENTS 2: 1. MS (control) 2. Tuia (1997) TIME IN LAB (weeks) 2: All glass bocles: 1: small (28 ml) 2: big (125 ml) 2: 1. MS (control) 2. BAP (1.0 mg/l) + 2: 1: 125ml glass bocles 2: Bioreactor system 8: 1. MS (control) 2. TDZ (0.5 mg/l) 3. BAP (1.0 mg/l) + 4. BAP (1.5 mg/l) + 5. BAP (2.0 mg/l) + 6. BAP (2.5 mg/l) + 7. BAP (3.0 mg/l) + 8. BAP (3.5 mg/l) + 2: All glass bocles: 125 ml glass bocles 8: 1. MS (control) 2. TDZ (0.5 mg/l) 3. BAP (1.0 mg/l) + 4. BAP (1.5 mg/l) + 5. BAP (2.0 mg/l) + 6. BAP (2.5 mg/l) + 7. BAP (3.0 mg/l) + 8. BAP (3.5 mg/l) + 3: 1-2: 125ml glass bocles 3: Bioreactor system 5: 1. MS (control) 2. BAP (5 mg/l) 3- BAP (10 mg/l) 4- BAP (15 mg/l) 5- BAP (20 mg/l) 16 weeks 8 weeks 12 weeks 8 weeks 12 weeks * All concentra6on: 0.3 mg/l

6 RESULTS Op6mum results from the 5 Methods Method (Treatment) # Shoots Root length (mm) Plant height (mm) Duration cultured in lab (weeks) Duration acclimatised in screen house (weeks) Total duration to plant in field (weeks) (4 months) 12 (3 months) 28 (7 months) (2 months) 12 (3 months) 20 (5 months) 3 (4) (3 months) 8 (2 months) 20 (5 months) 4 (2) (2 months) 12 (3 months) 20 (5 months) 5 (3) (3 months) 8 (2 months) 20 (5 months)

7 Comparison of results between the 2 systems Method Av. # suckers Av. Root length (mm) Av. Plant height (mm) Glass jar system (1, 2 & 4) Bioreactor system (3 & 5)

8 Comparison between the 2 systems * Comparison between Method 3 (Bioreactor) and 4 plant (Glass bocles) height a]er growth in lab

9 DISCUSSION Method 5 (Treatment 3) Combina6on of conven6onal sta6c system and Bioreactor system is the best protocol. Plants from Bioreactor system- ready to be planted out within 2 months (Normal nursery strengthening: 3 months). Plantlets were normal when exposed to higher BAP concentra6on at a shorter 6me (2 weeks). Longer exposure (4 weeks) of plantlets to higher BAP concentra6on had an adverse impact on growth, development and root elonga6on of the plantlets. Bioreactor system enhanced quality, vigour, height, root growth rates of taro plantlets than those produced in conven6onal sta6c (glass) system.

10 Plant growth in screen house Plantlets generated via bioreactor in vitro system, 100% survival Plantlets generated via conventional semi-solid static (glass) in vitro system 94% survival

11 ProjecOon of producoon based on results of the research Original stock MulOplicaOon (Lab) STAGE 1 Shoot ElongaOon (Lab) STAGE 2 No bioreactor/5 shoots (Lab) STAGE 3 AcclimaOsaOon (Screen house) Plantlet (s) No shoots per plantlet per week ElongaOon # Bioreactor vessels used Screen house months> 1 month 1 month 2 months 2 months ,400 6, ,400 1,000 64,000 64,000 13,000 64,000 10, , , , , ,000 6,400,000 6,400,000 1,300,000 6,400,000 Multiplication medium- MS+BAP 10 mg/l at stage 1 method (2 weeks) 8 shoots/explant in 2 weeks) using glass

12 Realis6c projec6on based on resources at POTENTIAL PRODUCTION: CePaCT 1,000 stock can poten6ally produces 64,000 plantlets for 1 month 64,000/mth x 12 mths = 768,000 plantlets/year REALISTIC PRODUCTION: 1,000 stock can produce 4,000 plantlets/mth month 4,000/mth x 12 months = 48,000 plantlets/year

13 Advantage of using the BIOREACTOR over the NORMAL CONVENTIONAL staoc SYSTEM Improves plant material quality Increases plant height and root length Better aeration, enhances growth Higher nutrient uptake nutrients in contact with roots Reduced manipulations and labour Drastic reduction in work, shelving area and number of containers used bioreactor - 6l6ng system normal sta6c system

14 CONCLUSION: Bioreactor system improved the field- plan6ng readiness of taro plantlets by 20 weeks in contrast to 28 weeks using the conven6onal method. The bioreactor- treated plantlets achieved 100% survival rate as compared to 94% for glass- treated plantlets in the screen house Poten6al produc6on is: v 768,000 plantlets/year (combina6on of sta6c and bioreactor treated plants). v 48,000 plantlets/year (conven6onal sta6c method).

15 Acknowledgements 1. Organisers of the World Congress of Root and Tuber Crops. 2. Australian Centre for Interna6onal Agricultural Research, Pacific Agribusiness Research Development Ini6a6ve. 3. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Samoa 4. Scien6fic Research Organisa6on of Samoa 5. SPC Pacific Island member countries 6. FAO Treaty Secretariat and the Global Crop Diversity Trust. 7. Samoa farmers, SPC Food and Nutri6onal Security Team

16 THANK YOU