City of Greater Geelong. Newtown Heritage Study Review 2008

Transcription

1 City of Greater Geelong Newtown Heritage Study Review 2008 Volume 1 Prepared by: City of Greater Geelong ADOPTED July 2009

2 City of Greater Geelong Newtown Heritage Study Review 2008 Volume 1 Adopted July 2009 Prepared by: City of Greater Geelong Front cover: Panorama of Geelong, Chilwell from Newtown Hill Copyright E. de Balk, 1866 Geelong Heritage Centre Collection GRS 2009/2020

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 1 Page Executive Summary 1 Maps 4 SECTION Introduction and Methodology The Study Team Acknowledgments The Project Description The Project Output and Outcomes Post Project Implementation The Study Area Selected Heritage Studies Terminology Methodology Preliminary Research Fieldwork Individual Heritage Places Researched, Assessed and Documented Heritage Precincts Scope of Works Heritage Places Heritage Precincts Individual Heritage Places Existing Individual Heritage Places Assessment of Significance Basis of Assessment Assessment Criteria for the Register of the National Estate Precinct Evaluation Criteria Precinct Significance Integrity Thresholds Levels of Significance Recommendations Statutory Protection Reference Documents Heritage Places HERMES and Victorian heritage database 32 SECTION Aberdeen Heritage Precinct Precinct Boundaries Contextual Background Physical Evidence Building Character and Appearance Urban Design and Engineering Infrastructure Landscaping Statement of Significance Aberdeen Street Heritage Precinct Map Aberdeen Street Precinct Historical Figures Contemporary Photographs 50 Prepared by City of Greater Geelong i

4 SECTION Eyre Heritage Precinct Precinct Boundaries Contextual Background Physical Evidence Building Character and Appearance Urban Design and Engineering Infrastructure Landscaping Statement of Significance Eyre Heritage Precinct Map Eyre Precinct Historical Figures Contemporary Photographs 80 SECTION Hermitage Heritage Precinct Precinct Boundaries Historical Evidence The Initial Years Early Land Holdings and Developments Establishment of the Borough of Newtown and Chilwell Street Names Physical Evidence Building Character and Appearance Urban Design and Engineering Infrastructure Landscaping Statement of Significance Hermitage Heritage Precinct Map Hermitage Heritage Historical Figures Contemporary Photographs 110 SECTION William and Margaret Street Heritage Precinct Precinct Boundaries Contextual Background Physical Evidence Building Character and Appearance Urban Design and Engineering Infrastructure Landscaping Statement of Significance William and Margaret Street Heritage Precinct Map William and Margaret Street Precinct Historical Figures Contemporary Photographs 140 SECTION Shannon Avenue Heritage Precinct Precinct Boundaries Contextual Background Physical Evidence Building Character and Appearance Urban Design and Engineering Infrastructure Landscaping Statement of Significance Shannon Avenue Heritage Precinct Map Shannon Avenue Precinct Historical Figures Contemporary Photographs 175 Prepared by City of Greater Geelong ii

5 SECTION Clarkes Hill Heritage Precinct Precinct Boundaries Contextual Background Physical Evidence Building Character and Appearance Urban Design and Engineering Infrastructure Landscaping Statement of Cultural Significance Clarkes Hill Heritage Precinct Map Clarkes Hill Precinct Historical Figures Contemporary Photographs 204 SECTION Bareena Estate Heritage Precinct Precinct Boundaries Contextual Background Physical Evidence Building Character and Appearance Urban Design and Engineering Infrastructure Landscaping Statement of Cultural Significance Bareena Estate Heritage Precinct Map Bareena Estate Historical Figures Contemporary Photographs 234 SECTION Mercer s Hill Heritage Precinct Precinct Boundaries Contextual Background Mercer s Hill Heritage Area Physical Evidence Building Character and Appearance Urban Design and Engineering Infrastructure Landscaping Statement of Cultural Significance Mercer s Hill Heritage Precinct Map Mercer s Hill Historical Figures Contemporary Photographs 260 SECTION Cairns Avenue Heritage Precinct Precinct Boundaries Contextual Background Cairns Avenue Heritage Area Physical Evidence Building Character and Appearance Urban Design and Engineering Infrastructure Landscaping Statement of Cultural Significance Cairns Avenue Heritage Precinct Map Cairns Avenue Historical Figures Contemporary Photographs 280 Prepared by City of Greater Geelong iii

6 SECTION Fairview Heritage Precinct Precinct Boundaries Contextual Background Physical Evidence Building Character and Appearance Urban Design and Engineering Infrastructure Landscaping Statement of Cultural Significance Fairview Heritage Precinct Map Fairview Historical Figures Contemporary Photographs 307 SECTION Bona Vista Heritage Precinct Precinct Boundaries Contextual Background Bona Vista Heritage Area Physical Evidence Building Character and Appearance Urban Design and Engineering Infrastructure Landscaping Statement of Cultural Significance Bona Vista Heritage Precinct Map Bona Vista Historical Figures Contemporary Photographs 331 SECTION Bibliography Primary Sources Official Publications and Reports Maps and Plans Images Unpublished Material (manuscripts, reports, thesis, conference papers etc) 336 APPENDICIES Appendix 1 Newtown/Chilwell Project Charter 337 Appendix 2 Burra Charter 347 Appendix 3 Heritage Precinct Maps 358 Appendix 4 Criteria for the Register of the National Estate 360 Prepared by City of Greater Geelong iv

7 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION The City of Greater Geelong has prepared the Newtown Heritage Study, dated August The review has assessed all buildings, landscapes and engineering infrastructure in the area bounded by Shannon Avenue, Latrobe Terrace, Aberdeen Street and West Fyans Street, Newtown that are currently located outside the existing Heritage Overlay areas identified in the Greater Geelong Planning Scheme. This Report comprises the first of three (3) Volumes. This Volume includes the supporting background, statements of significance, heritage area maps and historical figures for each of the nominated heritage precinct areas in Newtown. Volume 2 is the Inventory of Places within each of the heritage areas, including the significance status of each place and identifies the style/era within these areas. Volume 3 includes the heritage citations for individual places of significance in Newtown, outside the proposed heritage areas. Study Area The study area includes all of the area bounded by Aberdeen Street, LaTrobe Terrace, West Fyans Street and Shannon Avenue, Newtown. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 1

8 HERITAGE PLACES Introduction The study area includes 11 heritage overlay areas (heritage precincts), together with 31 individual heritage places located outside the heritage precincts. Heritage Precincts The following breakdown provides an indication of the number of heritage places assessed, according to their location and level of significance: Precinct Name No Local Significance No Contributory Significance Aberdeen Eyre Hermitage William and Margaret Street Shannon Avenue Clarkes Hill Bareena Estate Mercers Hill Cairns Avenue Fairview Bona Vista Total Total 487 sites within the 11 heritage precinct areas. No Non- Significance A study area map including the heritage precincts can be found at section 3.1 of this report Individual Heritage Places The following is a list of potential places of individual significance located outside the heritage precinct areas: 21 Aberdeen Street Felicita ; 23 Aberdeen Street; 25 Aberdeen Street; 27 Aberdeen Street; Aberdeen Street (St John s Lutheran School); 84 Aphrasia Street; 86 Aphrasia Street; 92 Aphrasia Street; 35/37 Cumberland Street (duplex pair); 39 Cumberland Street; 318 LaTrobe Terrace; 364/366 LaTrobe Terrace; 18 Marshall Street; 8 Mercer Parade; 25 Mercer Parade; 104 Nicholas Street; 106 Nicholas Street; Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 2

9 2 Noble Street (Sawyers Arms Hotel); 288 Pakington Street; 289 Pakington Street; 293 Pakington Street; 312 Pakington Street; 313 Pakington Street; 331 Pakington Street; 333 Pakington Street; 336 Pakington Street (Cremorne Hotel); 366A Pakington Street; 46 Retreat Road 11 Stinton Avenue; 16 Stinton Avenue; 35 Stinton Avenue Other individual places of significance are included, and identified within the respective heritage precincts. Places identified as having local significance, but without detailed heritage citations, will be included within a heritage precinct until resources allow for their further assessment and subsequent inclusion in the Greater Geelong Planning Scheme as part of a future amendment Recommendations It is recommended that the heritage places identified, assessed and documented according to the Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter and the Criteria for the Register of the National Estate (as prescribed in the VPP Practice Note: Applying the Heritage Overlay) be considered for the following statutory protection: 11 heritage precinct areas for the Greater Geelong Planning Scheme (to be included in the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay to Clause of the planning scheme). 31 places outside the heritage precinct areas for the Greater Geelong Planning Scheme (to be included in the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay to Clause of the planning scheme). All places will be mapped in the relevant planning scheme HO maps. As an interim measure, all the places including individual heritage places and precinct areas recommended for inclusion in Clause Heritage Overlay in the planning scheme should be included in an interim heritage control during the preparation of a formal planning scheme amendment. It is recommended that the Newtown Heritage Review Study (all Volumes) be included as Reference Documents in the References sections of Clauses and 22.20, and in the relevant sections of each local heritage precinct policy in the Greater Geelong Planning Scheme. All places identified in the Study will be subject to the planning policies in Clause Cultural Heritage and Clause Cultural Heritage to the planning scheme. In addition places identified in the heritage precinct areas will be subject to the relevant policy to be prepared for each precinct. This is in addition to the policies in the State Planning Policy Framework Clause Heritage. HERMES & Victorian Heritage Database All data from the Newtown Heritage Study Review Volume 2 Inventory are recommended to be included on the HERMES database. This will allow for filtered information to be made available to the public online. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 3

10 HERITAGE PRECINT MAP Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 4

11 Study Area Including Proposed Heritage Precincts Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 5

12 Heritage Area Maps Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 6

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24 SECTION INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY This heritage precinct review of the Newtown/Chilwell areas has been undertaken by Council as part of the adoption of the Medium Density Housing Strategy. The study also has been prepared in response to identified gaps in the previous Newtown Heritage Study undertaken in 1991, given the subsequent demolition/removal of significant buildings and a level of community support for a heritage review to be undertaken. The heritage review was conducted and prepared in-house from February 2008 and has been completed with some input from Council s Heritage Advisor. The review has assessed all buildings, landscapes and engineering infrastructure in the area bounded by Shannon Avenue, Latrobe Terrace, Aberdeen Street and West Fyans Street, Newtown that are currently located outside the existing Heritage Overlay areas identified in the Greater Geelong Planning Scheme. This report comprises the first of three (3) Volumes. This Volume includes the supporting background, statements of significance, heritage area maps and historical figures for each of the nominated heritage precinct areas in Newtown. Volume 2 is the Inventory of Places within each of the heritage areas, including the significance status of each place and style/era within these areas. Volume 3 includes the heritage citations for individual places of significance in Newtown, outside the proposed heritage areas. The volumes of this study are intended to be included as Reference Documents in the Greater Geelong Planning Scheme. The first two Volumes of this study including the significance status of the places within the heritage areas comprising the Inventory of Places in Volume 2 - have been independently peer-reviewed by Dr David Rowe of Authentic Heritage Services Pty Ltd of Geelong. 1.1 The Study Team The study team comprised: Kevin Krastins, Heritage Planner as the Project Manager and Principal Author. Ms Susie Zada of Zades Pty Ltd, the historian who was responsible for undertaking the historic research. Dr David Rowe who peer-reviewed some of the documents. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 18

25 1.2 Acknowledgments Council sincerely appreciates the assistance, guidance and considerable support provided by Dr David Rowe - Heritage Consultant and Heritage Advisor and officers in the City of Greater Geelong including Cameron Brenton - Co-ordinator Economic Development, Terry Demeo - Manager Planning Strategy and Economic Development, Tim Hellsten - Co-Ordinator Projects and Rick Whiteworth - SIS Administrator. The valuable help of Ms Karen Wyld - Cartographer, City of Greater Geelong, is also appreciated. The staff of the Geelong Heritage Centre, and in particular, Mr Mark Beasley (Archivist), Cheryl Timbury and Melody McDonald, for their excellent assistance and support. Mr Ian McGlachlan from Barwon Water for his valuable assistance and loan of the early sewerage and drainage maps, and plans including Field Books. 1.3 The Project Description The heritage precinct review sought to: Build on the recent strategic heritage planning studies undertaken by Council, including the Geelong Region Historic Buildings and Objects Study (3 volumes) prepared by Allan Willingham 1986 and the City of Newtown Urban Conservation Study 1991 (further assessments were added as additional Volumes 5 (a) and (b) of the Newtown Urban Conservation Study prepared by Richard Peterson and Daniel Catrice in 1996), prepared by Context P/L and Ors; Review all buildings, landscape and engineering infrastructure in the area bounded by Shannon Ave, Latrobe Terrace, Aberdeen Street and West Fyans Street, Newtown that are currently located outside the existing Heritage Overlay areas as identified in the Greater Geelong Planning Scheme. Photograph every property within the study area excluding those properties currently included with a Heritage Overlay. Undertake historical research on real estate agent plans and subdivision plans to determine subdivision dates and building construction; Prepare supporting background material including historical context and concise statement of significance; Identify the significance status of all buildings within the proposed heritage areas including potential places of individual significance, contributory heritage places and places of no significance within the new heritage precinct areas; Prepare a heritage overlay area that is consistent in its planning and approach with the other 33 discreet heritage overlay areas in the Geelong region as set out in the Greater Geelong Planning Scheme and apply the heritage provisions of Clause of the Greater Geelong Planning Scheme to the Heritage Overlay area; and The heritage precinct review seeks to provide a strategic direction for development consistent with both local and state planning policies. The review utilises current state and local policy development and data from recent studies. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 19

26 The identification of the heritage areas is dealt with as part of the State Planning Policy Framework in Clause of the Greater Geelong Planning Scheme. The policy states that planning authorities should have regard to the Local Government Heritage Guidelines (Department of Planning & Housing, 1991). These guidelines were prepared some years before the introduction of the new format planning schemes and the Victoria Planning Provisions, but contain useful advice on the preparation of heritage amendments and the conservation of Victoria s post contact cultural heritage. In relation to heritage areas the Guidelines state that: A heritage area might encompass a small urban or suburban area, a town or a landscape of cultural significance. A heritage area might be significant because: the area itself, or the places within it have intrinsic heritage value; the area is composed of places that individually have little or no intrinsic value but which are important for what they tell us as a group or collection of places. Heritage areas, particularly those of a large size, are also likely to include places that have little or no intrinsic value and are not contributory to the significance of the area. Within a heritage area, the primary objective is to ensure the conservation of those elements that contribute to the area s significance. The removal or alteration of non-contributory elements or the development of their sites, while requiring a planning permit, is usually not a major concern. The objective is to ensure that where development does occur, it occurs in a manner that is appropriate to the significance, character and appearance of the heritage area. 1.4 The Project Output And Outcomes The project output and outcomes include: Identification of potential heritage precinct areas and contributory heritage places outside the existing heritage overlay areas in Newtown/Chilwell. All heritage areas of cultural significance marked on the base maps to be bound into the report. Inclusion of the heritage precinct areas with a Heritage Overlay to the Greater Geelong Planning Scheme. Inclusion and preparation of individual citation sheets for properties located outside the heritage precinct areas. Preparation of local planning policies to support appropriate forms of development within the heritage precinct areas. Details of the Project Charter that relate to this Study are included as Appendix Post Project Implementation The Study will be implemented as follows: Preparation of a revised local policy section in the LPPF based on the recommendations of the Newtown Heritage Review. Preparing any Planning Scheme Amendments in relation to local policy and overlays reflecting the recommendations of the Newtown Heritage Review or undertaking further strategic work to support scheme change recommendations. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 20

27 1.6 The Study Area The study area includes all of the area bounded by Aberdeen Street, LaTrobe Terrace, West Fyans Street and Shannon Avenue, Newtown as per the following below. 1.7 Selected Heritage Studies Comprehensive Heritage Studies within the Geelong region have been completed for the Newtown area, including: City of Newtown Urban Conservation Study 1991, Volumes 1-4, prepared by Context Pty Ltd in association with Brian Stafford, Richard Peterson and Carlotta Kellaway. Citation sheets for all individual heritage places prepared by Richard Peterson, Architect and Daniel Catrice Historian in A publication by Allan Willingham entitled Geelong Region Historic Buildings and Objects Study, 3 Volumes, Geelong Regional Commission, 1986, identified 61 key sites in Newtown including various sites within the study area included in Volume 3. This volume includes heritage citations for these 61 selected properties that have been included in the Greater Geelong Planning Scheme with heritage protection. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 21

28 1.8 Terminology The terminology of The Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance (The Burra Charter) is used throughout this study. Refer to Appendix 7.2 for a copy of the Burra Charter. The identification and documentation of potential post-contact places of cultural significance has been interpreted using the definitions provided in the Burra Charter. Some of the critical definitions identified in the Burra Charter and used in this study are: Article 1.1: Article 1.2: Place means site, area, building or other work, group of buildings or other works, together with associated contents and surroundings. Place includes structures, ruins, archaeological sites and landscapes modified by human activity. Cultural significance means aesthetic, historic, scientific or social value for past, present or future generations. 1.9 Methodology Preliminary Research Review of existing City of Newtown Urban Conservation Study The Study recommended 13 heritage precinct areas and 6 individual places of A or State level of Significance and 54 of B or Regional level of Significance. Places of C and D level of Significance where listed in the Street Schedule (Volume 4). No detailed citations sheets were initially prepared for the C level places. This was subsequently undertaken in a further assessment in The Study comprised of 4 volumes namely: Volume 1 Conserving Newtown s heritage. Volume 2 Urban Character. Volume 3 Heritage Places and Areas. Volume 4 Street Schedule. Preliminary historical research involved reviewing: All major relevant documentation relating to the broad context of the study area, both in Victoria and Australia, in the form of publications, reports, manuscripts, journals, thesis and archival material from the Geelong Heritage Centre. The Barwon Water database, Detail Sewerage Plans, Individual Plans of Drainage The Newtown and Chilwell rate books and maps, The collection of subdivision plans that are available at the Geelong Heritage Centre. Other resources including local histories, directories and photo collections. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 22

29 Preliminary architectural research involved a review of: Allan Willingham's Geelong Region Historic Buildings and Objects Study The City of Newtown Urban Conservation Study 1991 prepared by Context P/L and Ors. Major documentary material related to architectural (and other) publications, reports, thesis, journals and archival material relevant to the study area, leading towards the development of a bibliography. Historic and contemporary maps of the study area from the Geelong Heritage Centre and the City of Greater Geelong. These were copied and studied as a basis for undertaking the field survey of the study area. Preliminary archaeological research: Discussions with Mr Jeremy Smith regarding the Victorian Heritage Inventory at Heritage Victoria particularly around the potential of gold mining activity and whether any sites were recorded on the inventory in Mercer s Hill Fieldwork Research: All relevant historical and contemporary maps were examined, and used to organise the study area into manageable and numbered survey areas. A field survey (by car and particularly on foot) including a photographic record of all properties (excluding those there were already included with a Heritage Overlay in Clause to the Greater Geelong Planning Scheme) was undertaken and recorded. Comprehensive Record Sheets were used to systematically record relevant details about the potential heritage precinct: description, cadastral location, brief history, address/location stylistic character, architectural features, condition, integrity, engineering infrastructure. Brief notes (where applicable) and photographs of buildings, relics, gardens, trees, fences, gates, etc. were made during this survey. Potential Heritage Precincts: Initial potential precinct areas were mapped and further refined, and are detailed below to identify the 11 potential heritage precincts within the study area Individual Heritage Places Researched, Assessed & Documented This aspect of the study involved: Further analysis of the Individual Heritage Places: All places were analysed and assessed. The format and content of the Record Sheet is consistent with citation sheets used in recent heritage studies prepared for Council. Documentary Research: Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 23

30 The references provided on the Record Sheets, together with historical maps and/or plans, rate books, directories, local historical manuscripts and notes, and historical photographs were researched and tabulated onto research datasheets and/or compiled as part of individual research packages for each heritage place. Documentation & Assessment: The descriptions, histories, comparative lists and statements of cultural significance for each individual heritage place were then carried out. Importantly, the statements of cultural significance were developed according to the Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter and the Australian Heritage Commission s Assessment Criteria of the Register of the National Estate as prescribed in VPP Practice Note: Applying the Heritage Overlay. See Section 4 for the Assessment Criteria Heritage Precincts Research: Newtown and Chilwell Rate Books. Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Field Books (1912). These books show the outline of houses constructed prior to 1912 as well as individual Plans of Drainage that show the house outline and other particular features ranging in dates from 1917 to present. Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Detail Plans that show the outline of the house on a broader, street by street level. Auction Notices and Subdivision Plans. Secondary References. Documentation & Assessment: During the research process, each potential precinct area was assessed according to the criteria for the Australian Heritage Council. Three main categories were used to determine the significance of these areas, with these categories being: Urban Design, Neighbouring Buildings and Landscaping. Historical maps and plans were also used during the fieldwork process SCOPE OF WORKS Heritage Places The study area includes 11 heritage overlay areas (heritage precincts), together with 31 individual heritage places located outside the heritage precincts Heritage Precincts The following breakdown provides an indication of the number of heritage places assessed, according to their location and level of significance: Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 24

31 Precinct Name No Local No No Significance Contributory Non- Significance Significance Aberdeen Eyre Hermitage William and Margaret Street Shannon Avenue Clarkes Hill Bareena Estate Mercers Hill Cairns Avenue Fairview Bona Vista Total Total 487 sites within the 11 heritage precinct areas. Maps of the heritage precincts areas are included in Appendix 7.3 also at the end of the Executive Summary Individual Heritage Places The following is a list of potential places of individual significance located outside heritage precinct areas: 21 Aberdeen Street 104 Nicholas Street; Felicita ; 106 Nicholas Street; 23 Aberdeen Street; 2 Noble Street 25 Aberdeen Street; (Sawyers Arms Hotel); 27 Aberdeen Street; 288 Pakington Street; Aberdeen Street 289 Pakington Street; (St John s Lutheran 293 Pakington Street; School); 312 Pakington Street; 84 Aphrasia Street; 313 Pakington Street; 86 Aphrasia Street; Pakington 92 Aphrasia Street; Street; 35/37 Cumberland Street 336 Pakington Street (duplex pair); (Cremorne Hotel); 39 Cumberland Street; 366A Pakington Street; 318 LaTrobe Terrace; 46 Retreat Road 364/366 LaTrobe Terrace; 11 Stinton Avenue; 18 Marshall Street; 16 Stinton Avenue; 8 Mercer Parade; 35 Stinton Avenue; 25 Mercer Parade; Other individual places of significance are included, and identified within the respective heritage precincts. No detailed citation sheets have been prepared for these places as they are proposed to be included with a heritage overlay. Places identified as having local significance, but without detailed heritage citations, should be considered as having contributory heritage status until Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 25

32 resources allow for their further assessment and subsequent inclusion in the Greater Geelong Planning Scheme as part of a future amendment Existing Individual Heritage Places Within the proposed heritage areas are 4 places currently identified in the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay with individual heritage overlays. It is recommended that where the Schedule controls for these individual places are identical to those of the proposed heritage areas, they be removed from the Schedule (this does not remove or diminish the heritage status or significance of these affected places, but it ensures that the Schedule accords with the Victoria Planning Provisions) Assessment of Significance Basis of Assessment This study has used the principles of the Australia ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Significance (the Burra Charter) and its Guidelines as the basis to all of the assessments in this study. The Burra Charter defines cultural significance by aesthetic, historic, scientific and social values. These values are also largely prescribed in the VPP Practice Note: Applying the Heritage Overlay which states: All places that are proposed for planning protection, including places identified in a heritage study, should be documented in a manner that clearly substantiates their scientific, aesthetic, architectural or historical interest or other special cultural or natural values The documentation for each heritage place includes a statement of significance that clearly establishes the importance of the place. The Burra Charter Criteria Article 2.2: Article 2.3: Aesthetic value: includes aspects of sensory perception for which criteria can, and should be stated. Such criteria may include consideration of the form, scale, colour, texture and material of the fabric; the smells and sounds associated with the place and its use. Places of aesthetic value may: demonstrate a high degree of creative or technical accomplishment; demonstrate important designs or visual qualities. Historic value: encompasses the history of aesthetics, science and society, and therefore, to a large extent, underlies all of the terms set out in this section. A place may have historic value because: it is of importance for its association with events, developments or cultural phases which have had a significant role in the occupation and evolution of the community; it illustrates part of the evolution or pattern of the cultural heritage; it is an example of rare, endangered or uncommon aspects of the cultural heritage; Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 26

33 it has a strong association with the life or work of a person or group of people of significance to the cultural heritage; it is an important representative of the range of places which make up the cultural heritage of a community; it has been influenced by an historic figure, event, phase or activity. Article 2.4: Scientific value: or research value of a place will depend upon the importance of the data involved, on its rarity, quality or representational value, and on the degree to which the place may contribute further substantial information. A place may have scientific value because: it illustrates some technological, creative, technical or scientific processes or advances; it is of importance for information contributing to an understanding of the history of human occupation and the cultural history of the area. Article 2.5: Social value: embraces the qualities for which a place has become a focus of spiritual, political, national or other cultural sentiment to a majority or minority group. A place may have social value because: it is highly valued by a community for reasons of religious, spiritual, cultural, educational or social associations; it is recognised by the community as having public value or is held in high esteem for its associations with the whole or part of the community whose history or culture is interwoven with the history of the place; it forms a particular and significant component of the heritage of a local area; it demonstrates a distinctive way of life or custom that is no longer in use or is in danger of being lost or is of exceptional interest Assessment Criteria for the Register of the National Estate The following simplified criteria based solely upon the Burra Charter and Criteria for the Assessment of Cultural Significance of the Register of the National Estate (Appendix 7.4) were adopted for this study. Each relevant National Estate Code has been cross-referenced on the Records Sheets for each heritage place. The criteria are: Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 27

34 Value Type Value National Estate Code Aesthetic demonstrates a high degree of creative or D.2, E.1 technical accomplishment and/or involves the major characteristics of a specific type of place, ie. representative of a particular architectural style; demonstrates important design or visual D.2 qualities; historic townscapes, streetscapes, cultural E.1 landscapes; demonstrates a high degree of integrity and F.1 design excellence; Historic is of importance for its association with events, A.4 developments or cultural phases which have had a significant role in the occupation and evolution of the community; is an example of rare, endangered or uncommon aspects of the cultural heritage; has a strong association with the life or work of B.2 H.1 a person or group of people of significance to the cultural heritage; close association with individuals who have had H.1 a long and significant impact on the place; has been influenced by an historic figure, event, A.4 phase or activity, significant to the history of the nation, state, region or local community; may have historic value as the site of an C.2 important event; is of importance for information contributing to C.2 an understanding of the history of human occupation and the cultural history of an area; Scientific illustrates some technological, creative, F.1 technical or scientific processes or advances; is of importance for information contributing to C.2 an understanding of the history of human occupation and the cultural history of an area, and has a strong presumption of archaeological research potential; Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 28

35 Value Type Value National Estate Code Social is highly valued by a community for reasons of G.1 religious, spiritual, cultural, educational or social associations; is recognised by the community as having public G.1 value or is held in high esteem for its associations with the whole or part of the community whose history or culture is interwoven with the history of the place; forms a particular and significant component of G.1 the heritage of a local area; demonstrates a distinctive way of life or custom G.1 that is no longer in use or is in danger of being lost or is of exceptional interest; (Burra Charter value) (According to the Criteria for the Register of the National Estate) 1.12 Precinct Evaluation Criteria The evaluation criteria developed and utilised in this Heritage Study have been established according to the Heritage Criteria of the Register of the National Estate, as prescribed in the VPP Practice Note: Applying the Heritage Overlay. The Criteria below was adopted for all precincts in this study, with particular emphasis being placed on those features and qualities that contributed to the overall heritage and visual character of each particular area. The architectural qualities of the individual house, and the predominantly single storey, weatherboard, interwar Bungalow characteristics of the houses in the precincts are of the most significance. The establishment of the boundaries of each of the precincts listed in the following section was dependent upon: important visual connections of particular heritage places within the precinct and the potential impact of these visual connections with other buildings, landscapes, urban foci and views. In conjunction with the Assessment Criteria for the Register of the National Estate and the Significance & Integrity Thresholds (Sections 1.13 and 1.14), the following approach was adopted, consistent with recent heritage studies prepared for Council: Guide to determining the extent of significant fabric in a permit a. Neighbouring Buildings Building use, ie residential, commercial Building type, ie detached, semi-detached Number of storeys Scale of Buildings Setbacks Appropriate signage (where applicable) Roof form & pitch, ie. gabled/hipped/flat & range of pitch Architectural style &/or age of buildings Building construction/cladding ie walls - horizontal weatherboard brick ie roofs - painted/unpainted, galvanised corrugated iron - terracotta tile, cement tile, etc Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 29

36 ie windows - types and construction Eaves characteristics ie wide or narrow (range) - Exposed rafters Early chimneys Early front door characteristics ie timber & glazed, four panel timber, etc Appropriate architectural detailing (including verandah detailing) Range of front and side setbacks, and access/location of driveway ie front side, rear Height range and type, design & location appropriateness of fences b. Urban Design Historical development Street & allotment pattern and average size/s (where applicable) Significant Urban Focii Significant Views Engineering infrastructure ie early kerbing, early paving, verges, footpaths, etc Appropriate street furniture and post boxes Overhead power lines Treelines Public Gardens Median Strips Nature Strips 1.13 Precinct Significance Integrity Thresholds The integrity thresholds for places in precincts are as follows: Date range of area including subdivision date(s) Date range of streets in the area Percentage contribution to the area of buildings in each street in the heritage overlay Integrity to the creation date of contributory buildings Predominantly Intact Moderately Intact Altered (original character & appearance clearly discernible) Substantially altered whether the building has been relocated (and contributes to the significant development period for the precinct) The integrity of places within precincts (when viewed from the public realm) may include to varying degrees the following, such that the place is discernible to its creation date Overall form & composition Construction materials Building details Verandahs Front windows and doors Fence details Places with later additions may continue to contribute to the significance of the precinct if: The additions are recessive and do not dominate over the building, streetscape or area Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 30

37 Non significant buildings within heritage precincts are those that do not contribute to the significant development periods in the area or are of such low integrity/intactness that they do not meet the threshold for inclusion. These buildings also include recently constructed buildings. In general terms, buildings need to be of at least the altered integrity category to be assessed as being of contributory significance Levels of Significance: The values of A = State or National significance, B = Regional significance, C = Local significance, D = Contributory significance and Not Significant were used. The definitions for each significance value are: National Places that are considered significant to the nation. They meet the Criteria of the Register of the National Estate and the Criteria of the Heritage Council of Victoria, but most importantly, these places make an outstanding contribution to Australia's cultural heritage. State - A Places that are considered significant to the State of Victoria. They meet the Criteria of the Heritage Council of Victoria and the Criteria of the Register of the National Estate. Regional - B Places that are considered significant to the Geelong Region (within the boundaries of the City of Greater Geelong). They meet the Criteria of the Register of the National Estate. These places identify with the specific heritage values of the particular community/suburb. Local - C Places that are considered significant to a local area, (whether individually significant or as a contributor to the urban character and/or heritage value of the area). They meet the Criteria of the Register of the National Estate. These places identify with the specific heritage values of the particular community/suburb. Contributory - D Places that demonstrate the heritage values of the heritage area, but would fail to meet the threshold for heritage significance if located outside the heritage area. Not Significant Places considered not to have heritage significance. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 31

38 1.15 RECOMMENDATIONS Statutory Protection It is recommended that the heritage places identified, assessed and documented according to the Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter and the Criteria for the Register of the National Estate (as prescribed in the VPP Practice Note: Applying the Heritage Overlay) be considered for the following statutory protection: 11 heritage precinct areas for the Greater Geelong Planning Scheme (to be included in the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay to Clause of the planning scheme). Copies of maps can be found at the end of this section. 31 places outside the heritage precinct areas for the Greater Geelong Planning Scheme (to be included in the Schedule to the Heritage Overlay to Clause of the planning scheme). All places will be mapped in the relevant planning scheme HO maps. As an interim measure, all the places including individual heritage places and precinct areas recommended for inclusion in a Heritage Overlay in the planning scheme be included in an interim heritage control through Clause Heritage Overlay during the preparation of a formal planning scheme amendment Reference Documents It is recommended that the Newtown Heritage Review Study (all Volumes) be included as Reference Documents in the References sections of Clauses and and in the relevant sections of each local heritage precinct policy in the Greater Geelong Planning Scheme Heritage Places All places identified in the Study will be subject to the planning policies in Clause Cultural Heritage and Clause Cultural Heritage to the planning scheme. In addition places identified in the heritage precinct areas will be subject to the relevant policy to be prepared for each precinct. This is in addition to the policies contained in the State Planning Policy Framework Clause Heritage HERMES & Victorian Heritage Database All data from the Newtown Heritage Study Review Volume 2 Inventory are recommended to be included on the HERMES database. This will allow for filtered information to be made available to the public online. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 32

39 SECTION 2 2 Aberdeen Heritage Precinct 2.1 Precinct Boundaries The Aberdeen Heritage Precinct is located between Aberdeen Street in Newtown. The precinct also consists of properties at 2 to 6 Cumberland Street (evens) and 42, 42, 43 and 45 George Street, Newtown in the Parish of Moorpanyal, County of Grant. 2.2 Contextual Background Historical Evidence (refer to historical figures at the rear of this section) The initial Years In 1837, Newtown and Chilwell formed part of the earliest suburbs in the Geelong area, then under the control of New South Wales. Earlier that year, Governor Bourke of New South Wales visited Geelong with Government Surveyor, Robert Hoddle. It was at this time when Newtown was described by early visitors as a delightful place for a village. 1 As a result of Hoddle s visit, Henry Wilson Smythe was sent over from Sydney with instructions to survey a site between Corio Bay and the Barwon River for a township and streets. The plan drawn up by Smythe was revised by Hoddle and signed by him on the 21 st August The first land sale on 3 October 1839, made available land bound by today s Shannon Avenue, Aberdeen and Pakington Streets and the Barwon River, mostly 25 acre blocks, except for the irregular river allotments of Section V, Parish of Moorpanyal. 3 Sales by auction and private contract continued slowly throughout The area was first known as New Town. The first Crown owners acquired land from G F Read was the first purchaser of Allotment 4, Section 7, Parish of Moorpanyal, County of Grant at the Crown land sales in Melbourne, 26 th August The allotment contained 25 acres located on the west side of Frederick Street (now Cumberland Street) and had a frontage to what is now Aberdeen Street (Figure 2.01). 4 Residential Developments As part the McLeods Estate in the 1850 s land fronting the southern side of Aberdeen Street (between Frederick Street (Cumberland Street) and George Street) was subdivided for residential development. The lot sizes to the frontage are small between 35 feet to 41 feet and it would appear that this plan did not eventuate (Figure 2.02). 5 A subdivision plan prepared by Gibbons and Grist Surveyors dated c shows land between Pakington Street (known as Great North Road) and Cumberland Road (referred to as Frederick Street) and Skene Street and Great Western Road (Aberdeen Street) (Figure 2.03). 6 The plan identifies some buildings within Skene Street. 1 City of Newtown and Chilwell Centenary page 3. 2 The Earlier Days of Newtown and Chilwell page 5. 3 Model Borough An Introduction to old Newtown and Chilwell by Gladys Seaton p Moorpanyal Parish Plan, Source: Geelong Heritage Centre, N McLeods Subdivision Plan 1850 s. 6 Plan of Subdivision prepared by Gibbons and Grist Surveyors Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 33

40 An undated sales plan (most likely to be c. 1889) of Geelong Town Properties indicates land sales in Aberdeen Street (between Pakington Street and Frederick Street (now Cumberland Street) and land in Skene Street (Figure 2.04). This plan indicates Fittons Cottage located on the south-west corner of Aberdeen Street and Frederick Street and St James School on the opposite corner (east side of Frederick Street), southern side of Aberdeen Street. The allotment on the south east corner of Frederick Street and Aberdeen Street was shown on a Robert Balding map of the Geelong, South Barwon and Newtown in The Balding map of the Borough of Newtown and Chilwell c. June 1864, shows Aberdeen Street, George Street, Cumberland Street and an unnamed road south of Eureka Street (north side of Aberdeen Street) parallel with George Street and Skene Street (Figure 2.05) 7. No physical evidence of these buildings appear to survive today. Subdivision plan LP8891 dated 1922 indicates the subdivision of seven allotments in Aberdeen Street west side of Frederick (Cumberland Street) (Figure 2.06). Aberdeen Street Heritage Area It was from the early 20 th century when dwellings in this precinct were constructed. The first house in the area was constructed in 1908 at 141 Aberdeen Street, with other houses constructed prior to World War 1. Yet, it was after the war when residential activity increased with 14 houses constructed between 1923 and The area is closely situated to Newtown State School No 1887 in Aberdeen Street which may have given further impetus for residential development. The increase in population may also have resulted from the opening of the tram route along Aberdeen Street in Aberdeen Street was also a major traffic route from the City centre to Fyansford and beyond to the Western District and Ballarat. History of Street Names 8 Aberdeen Street Aberdeen Street was named by Alexander J. Skene, District Surveyor, who was born in Aberdeen, which is close to Skene- the native home of the Skene clan. It was previously called Great Western Road. Cumberland Street Cumberland Street was named after the English county North End. It was previously known as Frederick Street and the name was changed on 21 November Building Owners and Construction Dates A table of the original construction dates of the dwellings and the original owners is given as follows. This data has been collated from various Directories, Geelong Water and Sewerage Trust Field Books and Rate Books. These relate to the historical evolution to the era including Victorian, Federation/Edwardian and Interwar dwellings. 7 Map of the Town of Geelong, Boroughs of South Barwon and Newtown and Chilwell 30 June Compiled from W Morrow and I Wynd Street Names of Geelong, unpublished database. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 34

41 Property Address Date of Construction Original Building Owner 117 Aberdeen Street c Frederick H Lewis 119 Aberdeen Street c Michael J Denno 121 Aberdeen Street c Michael J Denno 123 Aberdeen Street c Caroline E Brown 125 Aberdeen Street c Anthony Rowley 127 Aberdeen Street c Thomas W Bigmore 129 Aberdeen Street c Charles J Taylor 131 Aberdeen Street c W M McRorie 135 Aberdeen Street c John Lindros 137 Aberdeen Street c John W Carr 141 Aberdeen Street c Edward Chant 143 Aberdeen Street c Gilbert R Hill 147 Aberdeen Street c John Ince 149 Aberdeen Street c with a later Patrick Francis Minogue addition 151 Aberdeen Street c George Robinson 153 Aberdeen Street c George Shanks 2 Cumberland Street c Edwin Chant 4 Cumberland Street c Alfred Carter 6 Cumberland Street c Thomas Mills 43 George Street c Matthew Slaughter 45 George Street c Matthew Slaughter 6 The Lairds Way Vacant site - The table shows that most houses were built from the early 20 th century commencing in 1908 with a marked number built from the 1920s. It appears that the First World War halted residential progress. The Geelong Water and Sewerage Trust Detail Plans (96 and 98), dated 1964 and 1915 show the dwellings in the heritage area at that time (Figure 2.07 and 2.08). The Aberdeen Heritage Precinct was originally a working class area. It included residents such as Anthony Rowley, butcher of 125 Aberdeen Street and Hugh J Lawler of 6 Cumberland Street, painter. Some middle class residents included Frederick H Lewis, engineer of 117 Aberdeen Street, and R Gilbert, manager who resided at 143 Aberdeen Street. 2.3 Physical Evidence Building Character & Appearance The Aberdeen Street Heritage Precinct is a residential area predominantly identified by detached dwellings. Height The dwellings in the heritage area are predominantly single storey in appearance and height (photos ) There are some two storey dwellings that have a single storey appearance as viewed from the street, with the two storey elements largely included in the roof gable or are well recessed from the front (photo 2.09) Form, Design and Scale, Construction and Finish The dwellings in the Aberdeen Street Heritage Precinct comprise early 20 th century and interwar eras (Federation, Edwardian, Interwar Bungalow and Interwar Californian Bungalow design buildings). Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 35

42 There is a significant concentration of Federation and Edwardian dwellings interwar dwellings comprising interwar Californian Bungalow and interwar Bungalow styles in Aberdeen Street. Edwardian and Federation Style Buildings The early 20 th century era buildings are largely designed in Edwardian and Federation styles and reflect the following type: The Edwardian buildings in the precinct reflect the following key characteristics: asymmetrical compositions and three dimensional composition of the overall form of the building. Recessive hipped roof forms, and a gable and front verandah that projects towards the street some, with front verandahs formed under the main roof. Alternatively, broad hipped, gabled or gambrel roof forms. Strapped and/or corbelled brick chimneys. The verandahs are largely supported by timber posts and feature decorative timber fretwork valances and brackets. Timber framed double hung windows and timber framed doorways with sidelights and highlights. Timber joinery and roughcast gable infill. Dwellings are constructed of horizontal timber weatherboards. Galvanized corrugated steel (non-zincalume) roof cladding pitched at degrees. Timber eave bracket and exposed rafters. Timber window hoods. Rounded picket fence or capped timber picket. Examples of Edwardian era buildings include 4 Cumberland Street (Photo 2.06) and 43 George Street. The Federation era buildings in the precinct reflect the following key characteristics: asymmetrical compositions and three dimensional composition of the overall form of the building. Complex hipped and gable roof forms clad in slate or in Marseilles terra cotta tiles or galvanized corrugated steel (non-zincalume) roof cladding pitched at between degrees. Terra cotta roof ridge decoration and terra cotta finials. Unpainted red brick construction. Bowed projecting bay windows. Timber framed or casement or double hung window Dominant face red brick chimneys, commonly strapped with terra cotta pots. Decorative timber fretwork, brackets and posts to verandahs. Timber joinery and roughcast gable infill. Timber window hoods. Timber shingling. Examples of Federation dwellings include 123 Aberdeen Street and 131 Aberdeen Street. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 36

43 Bungalow Style Buildings The interwar era dwellings are designed as interwar Bungalows and interwar Californian bungalows and include the following types: A gable or hipped roof form that traverses the site, together with a minor gable and/or verandah that project towards the street frontage or at the side. Timber framed double hung windows, arranged singularly, in pairs. Verandahs are mainly supported by timber posts and brick piers, or solely with brick piers. There are plain rectilinear brick chimneys, with some featuring rendered or soldier-coursed tops. The gable infill comprises timber shingles. Gable ventilator. Street facing gable. Constructed in horizontal timber weatherboards. Low pitched roof forms between degree roof pitch. Wide eaves with exposed timber rafters. Galvanized corrugated steel roof cladding. interwar Bungalows with multiple hipped roof forms having front or side verandahs and several of the features listed for the interwar Californian Bungalows. There is a concentration of interwar Bungalows in Aberdeen Street between Cumberland Street and George Street. Typical example of an interwar Californian Bungalow include the timber dwellings at 135 Aberdeen Street (Photo 2.08) and 137 Aberdeen Street. An example of interwar Bungalow dwellings are at 125 Aberdeen Street (Photo 2.07) and 129 Aberdeen Street. Garages and Carports More than half of the properties fronting Aberdeen Street have vehicle access from Aberdeen Street. The properties at Aberdeen Street have rear vehicle access from the rear right of way. Dwellings with front vehicular access have their carports or garages located to the rear of the existing dwelling and are therefore are not streetscape features. Significance of Dwellings Twenty one of the twenty four dwellings (87%) within the Aberdeen Street Heritage precinct are considered to have significance within the area. Further details and a photograph of each of the dwellings are provided in the Inventory of Places as Volume 2. The dwellings that have contributory significance (D) listing within the heritage precinct are: 117 Aberdeen Street 143 Aberdeen Street 119 Aberdeen Street 147 Aberdeen Street 121 Aberdeen Street 149 Aberdeen Street 123 Aberdeen Street 151 Aberdeen Street 125 Aberdeen Street 153 Aberdeen Street 127 Aberdeen Street 2 Cumberland Street 129 Aberdeen Street 4 Cumberland Street 131 Aberdeen Street 6 Cumberland Street 135 Aberdeen Street 43 George Street 137 Aberdeen Street 45 George Street Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 37

44 141 Aberdeen Street The properties that are not considered to have significance within the precinct are at: 133 Aberdeen Street (six 42 George Street. units). 40 George Street. 6 The Lairds Way (vacant) Urban Design & Engineering Infrastructure Layout and Subdivision The layout of allotments within the Aberdeen Street Heritage precinct follow a traditional grid pattern subdivision. The allotment sizes are generally uniform within the street and the precinct as a whole. The allotment sizes in Aberdeen Street are typically 50 feet (15.24 metres). Some are slightly larger up to 70 feet (21.3 metres). Setbacks Throughout the precinct are regular front setbacks. Most dwellings form a consistent front setback pattern. All dwellings have side setbacks with clear visual building separation. Engineering Infrastructure The Aberdeen Street Heritage precinct has no early engineering infrastructure. There are, however, asphalt footpaths. Front Fences The streetscapes within the Aberdeen Street heritage precinct are identified by a substantial number of introduced front fences possibly due to the heavy traffic that frequents Aberdeen Street. In Aberdeen Street there are a number of high fences approx 1.8 metres in height and low fences approx 1.0 metres in height which are introduced. Appropriate style fences relating to the era of the building include the property at 109A and the recently constructed fence at 121 and 123 Aberdeen Street. There are also some properties with introduced brick and timber infill fences, low timber picket or other fences that do not relate to the design and construction of the interwar and postwar dwellings. Landmarks While located outside the heritage precinct the two storey commercial building located at the corner of Aberdeen Street and St James Street opposite the heritage precinct is visually connected to the heritage precinct and forms a strong local landmark Landscaping There are street trees in Aberdeen Street but no grassed nature strips within the Aberdeen Street Heritage precinct. The setbacks to the properties include grassed areas, often bordered with flower beds or shrubbery and trees on the larger allotments. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 38

45 2.4 Statement of Cultural Significance The Aberdeen Street Heritage Precinct is significant for its select and notable concentration of intact Federation/Edwardian and especially interwar era dwellings. While the allotments fronting Aberdeen Street were initially laid out in the mid 19 th century, it was not until the early 20 th century and particularly during the interwar (c ) period when the area was transformed by the dwellings that survive today. These dwellings are predominantly single storey with detached compositions, hipped and gabled roof forms, front or return verandahs, corrugated sheet metal roof cladding, horizontal timber weatherboard wall cladding, timber framed windows and detailing consistent with Edwardian, Federation and interwar Bungalow styles. Also contributing to the significance of the area is the rear location of carports and garaging. The Aberdeen Street Heritage Precinct is architecturally significant at a LOCAL level (AHC criterion D.2). It demonstrates original and early design qualities associated with the residential development of the area from the early 20 th century. These qualities are expressed in the Edwardian/Federation and interwar Bungalow styled dwellings that are predominantly single storey in appearance and have detached compositions. The buildings include the following design characteristics: hipped and gabled roof forms (with simple or complex roof outlines having a pitch between 25 and 35 degrees), front or return verandahs, corrugated galvanised steel roof cladding, horizontal timber weatherboard wall construction, brick chimneys (detailed to reflect the design era), brick cladding and brick verandah supports, narrow or wide eaves, timber verandah posts timber brackets and/or valances, timber framed windows arranged singularly, in pairs or bays, and the rear location of carports and garaging. Overall, these dwellings constitute 87% of the building stock in the area. The Aberdeen Street Heritage Precinct is historically significant at a LOCAL level (AHC criteria A.4, H.1). It is associated with important eras of residential development from the mid 19 th century but it was not until the early 20 th century and particularly after the First World War that the area was developed with the dwellings that survive today. The arrival of the tram route in 1912 that extended from the city along Aberdeen Street to Pakington Street and along Aphrasia Street made land nearby more desirable for residential development. Overall, the Aberdeen Street Heritage Precinct is of LOCAL significance. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 39

46 2.5: Aberdeen Street Heritage Area Map Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 40

47 2.6: Aberdeen Street Precinct Historical Figures Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 41

48 Parish of Moorpanyal Plan 1850 s Figure 2.01 Parish of Moorpanyal Plan 1850 s Source: Geelong Heritage Centre. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 42

49 N. McLeods Subdivision Plan c s Figure 2.02 N. McLeods Subdivision Plan dated 1850 s showing Aberdeen Street (Great Western Road) and George Street. Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Maps and Plans Collection. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 43

50 Grist and Gibbons Subdivision Plan c Figure 2.03 Gibbons and Grist Surveyors Plan dated 1858 showing Aberdeen Street (Great Western Road) and Skene Street. Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Maps and Plans Collection. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 44

51 Plan of Subdivision Geelong Town Properties c Figure 2.04 Plan of Subdivision Geelong Town Properties c1889 showing the subdivision along Skene Street and Aberdeen Street. Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Maps and Plans Collection, G15. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 45

52 Robert Balding Map of the Town of Geelong, and Boroughs of South Barwon and Newtown and Chilwell c Figure 2.05 Robert Balding Map of the Town of Geelong and the Boroughs of South Barwon and Newtown c showing the subdivision along Skene Street and Aberdeen Street. Source: Planning Strategy Unit City of Greater Geelong. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 46

53 Plan of Subdivision 1922 LP8891 Figure 2.06 Plan of Subdivision of part of Crown Allotment 4 Section 7 Parish of Moorpanyal County of Grant LP8891 June 1922, showing subdivision of land of seven allotments and excised parcel of land west of Cumberland Street (previously Frederick Street) fronting Aberdeen Street. Source: Subdivision Plans held by City of Greater Geelong. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 47

54 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust No 96 Figure 2.07 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Plans No 96 Source: Barwon Water. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 48

55 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust No 98 Figure 2.08 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Plans No 98 Source: Barwon Water. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 49

56 2.7: Contemporary Photographs Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 50

57 Photo 2.01 Streetscape view of Aberdeen Street looking west from Cumberland Street. Source: Kevin Krastins May Photo 2.02 Streetscape view of Cumberland Street looking south from Aberdeen Street. Source: Kevin Krastins May Photo 2.03 Streetscape view of west side of Cumberland Street. Source: Kevin Krastins May Photo 2.04 view south side of Aberdeen Street looking east from George Street. Source: Kevin Krastins May Photo 2.05 George Street looking south from Aberdeen Street. Source: Kevin Krastins May Photo 2.06 View of 4 Cumberland Street. Source: Kevin Krastins May Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 51

58 Photo Aberdeen Street- interwar Bungalow. Source: Kevin Krastins May Photo Aberdeen Street inter war Californian Bungalow. Source: Kevin Krastins May Photo 2.09 view along Aberdeen Street from George Street. Source: Kevin Krastins May Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 52

59 SECTION 3 3 Eyre Heritage Precinct 3.1 Precinct Boundaries The Eyre Heritage Precinct is comprised of properties within the area bounded by Aberdeen Street (south side generally between Pakington Street and Shannon Avenue), Cumberland Street (part), Skene Street (part), Manning Street (part), Pescott Street (part) and Chadwick Street (part), Newtown. The heritage precinct is located within the Parish of Moorpanyal, County of Grant. 3.2 Contextual background Historical Evidence (refer to historical figures at the rear of this section) The initial Years In 1837, Newtown and Chilwell formed part of the earliest suburbs in the Geelong area, then under the control of New South Wales. Earlier in that year, Governor Bourke of New South Wales visited Geelong with Government Surveyor, Robert Huddle. As a result of that visit, Henry Wilson Smythe was sent over from Sydney with instructions to survey a site between Corio Bay and the Barwon River for a township and streets. The plan drawn up by Smythe was revised by Hoddle and signed by him on the 21 st August In 1837, Chilwell with its grassy slopes extending to the Barwon River and its magnificent red gum trees studded along the river valley, and New Town, with its commanding view of Corio Bay and Point Henry presenting one of the finest panoramas in the district was described by early visitors to Geelong as a delightful place for a village. 2 Residential Developments The first sale, 3 October 1839, made available land bounded by today s Shannon Avenue, Aberdeen and Pakington Streets and the Barwon River, mostly 25 acre blocks, except for the irregular river allotments of Section V, Parish of Moorpanyal. 3 Sales by auction and private contract continued slowly throughout 1841 (Figure 3.01). The area was first known as New Town. Edward Curr was the first purchaser of Allotment 6, Section VII, Parish of Moorpanyal, County of Grant (located on the eastern side of Cumberland/Frederick Street) which cost him 100 at the Crown land sales in Melbourne October 3, The allotment contained 25 acres and had a frontage of one thousand links to what is now Pakington Street (Figure 3.02). 4 E B Addis purchased on 30 January 1841, Allotment 5, Section VII, Parish of Moorpanyal, County of Grant at the Crown land sales in Melbourne (located on the eastern side of Cumberland/Frederick Street), on an allotment containing 25 acres and a frontage to what is now Aberdeen Street. 5 1 The Earlier Days of Newtown and Chilwell page 5. 2 City of Newtown and Chilwell Centenary page3. 3 Model Borough An Introduction to old Newtown and Chilwell by Gladys Seaton p13. 4 P.L. Brown, Building and Early History of the Hermitage, Geelong Advertiser, 21 December Moorpanyal Parish Plan, Source: Geelong Heritage Centre, Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 53

60 J P Fawkner was the first purchaser of Allotment 3, Section VII, Parish of Moorpanyal, County of Grant at the Crown land sales on 26 August, The allotment contained 25 acres located on the west side of Frederick Street (now Cumberland Street). 6 An early resident was A.J Eyre, appointed Clerke to the Bench on 4 October On an early plan, from the 1840 s or 1850 s, his name was written across two and half acres on the south-eastern corner of Skene and Frederick (now Cumberland) Streets (Figure 3.03). 7 During 1844, subdivision of suburban land became more common. Both Ashby (Geelong West) and Newtown were sold in this way, sometimes in building sites, others in one acre lots. The activity led to an increase in the population. By 1846, New Town had a population of 256 and Irish Town (further south between Belfast Street and Pakington Street) with 135. It was from the 1850 s that land in this area soon began to be subdivided. N. McLeod subdivided his estate into residential allotments with frontages to Aberdeen Street, Frederick Street (now Cumberland Street) and Skene Street (Figures 3.05 and 3.06). 8 The subdivision plan prepared by Gibbons and Grist Surveyors dated 1858 indicates further subdivision of land between Pakington Street (known as Great North Road) and Cumberland Road (referred to as Frederick Street) and Skene Street and Great Western Road (Aberdeen Street) (Figure 3.04). 9 James Austin was the owner of this land in There are a number of buildings shown on the plan including a chapel on the south east corner of Frederick Street and Great Western Road, a residence probably at 66 Skene Street and two other buildings to the east of this building fronting Skene Street. Another building is located on the south west corner of Skene Street and Frederick Street. By June 1864 other secondary streets, including Cumberland, Blessington, Charles (now Chadwick), Park and Hermitage Streets had been laid out as shown on the map of the Borough of Newtown and Chilwell (Figure 3.07). 10 At the turn of century the pace of development was slow with occasional building blocks released when larger properties were divided. This did not encourage uniformity. Parts of Newtown at the turn of century seemed to be hardly built on. 11 Between the average rate of house construction was a little over thirty per year. 12 In the twenty and thirties it was about forty per year, with a noticeable decline in building permits in Eyre Heritage Area In addition to the land sales offered by N. Mcleod s Estate and the Gibbons and Grist plan of 1858, further residential development occurred after other subdivisions in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. The Plan of Subdivision 6 Ibid 7 Model Borough An Introduction to old Newtown and Chilwell by Gladys Seaton p14. 8 N McLeods Subdivision Plan 1850 s. 9 Plan of Subdivision prepared by Gibbons and Grist Surveyors Map of the Town of Geelong and Boroughs of South Barwon and Newtown and Chilwell, Ibid p Ibid p 30. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 54

61 of Geelong Town Properties (Figure 3.08) probably dated 1889 shows allotments for sale along Aberdeen Street between Frederick Street and Pakington Street and to the north in Geelong West (Virginia Street and Virginia Terrace). The undated (probably ) Plan of subdivision for Kenwith Estate shows seven allotments fronting the east side of Park Street (now Pescott Street), three allotments fronting Retreat Road and eight allotments on the west side of Manning Street (Figure 3.09). 13 This plan shows a residence known as Kenwith House on a large allotment referred to as Allotment No 1 fronting Retreat Road (an image of the Victorian styled Kenwith House is shown on the sales plan), with a large parcel of vacant land to the north referred to as Allotment No 11 (now known as Kenwith Reserve). Houses are marked on the plan on the west side of Park Street. No physical evidence remains of the residence of A. J Eyre or Kenwith House today. Land in the area was considered to be ideal for residential development, as declared in the description on the Kenwith real estate plan as follows: This estate comprises one of the picked positions in Geelong. Gas, Water and Electric Light mains pass this property. Very close to the approved Electric Tram route. New residences going up all round. At a similar time as shown on the Overton Estate subdivision plan of 1909, there were eight residential allotments fronting Manning Street, and a large undeveloped allotment fronting Skene Street (south side) (Figure 3.10). Physical evidence shows that the area largely developed in the early 20 th century, as most (but not all) of the dwellings which survive today were built between 1909 and Commercial activity Shops were built in the Eyre heritage precinct to serve the needs of the people living locally in Newtown. In the period the following commercial development was entered in the Council rate books. 14 Gold Diggers Hotel The Gold Diggers Hotel was first listed in the rate books from 1854 and licensed to William Lindsay. In 1895 Mary Breheny was listed as licensee in In 1922 Mary J Breheny was listed as the publican. Shops William Bennett, Thomas Parker, John O Neill, Charles Wilkinson, Robert Stow, Edward Fowler, E. Farrell, William Hill, John Hobbs, William Matthews, James Hart, and John Cotton all operated shops in Skene Street. Other shopping strips at this time included Clarendon Street, Russell Street, LaTrobe Terrace and Pakington Street all located south in Chilwell. Baker There was a baker operated by Robert Cottle in Frederick Street (Cumberland Street) and Anderson Bros in Aberdeen Street. Butcher 13 Kenwith Sales Plan c The Earlier days of Newtown and Chilwell complied by Charles S Walker 1958 p42. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 55

62 John Hobbs in Skene Street and Thomson Bros, corner of Skene and Cumberland Street were the local butchers in the precinct. Boot Repairs Steve Hadley operated a boot repair shop in Skene Street. Libraries The first reported library in Newtown was situated in the Mechanics Institute located in Skene Street in 1860 near the Gold Diggers Arms Hotel located on the south east corner of Skene Street and Pescott Street. It was called the Newtown Mechanics Institute and its opening was celebrated by a service held at St James Schoolroom which is shown as a Chapel on Figure The Institute found it difficult to carry on and after several years ceased operation. 15 History of Street Names 16 Aberdeen Street Aberdeen Street was named by Alexander J. Skene, District Surveyor, who was born in Aberdeen, which is close to Skene- the native home of the Skene clan. It was previously called Great Western Road. Cumberland Street Cumberland Street was named after the English county north end. It was previously known as Frederick Street the name changed occurred on 21 st November Kenwith Grove Kenwith Grove is a small street that is located on the east side off Pescott Street. This street provided access behind the former historic property, known as Kenwith that was once occupied by Mr E.H. Wilson, but probably built by Charles Nantes, first mayor of Newtown and Chilwell. Little Pescott Street Little Pescott Street was previously known as Little Park Street. Manning Street The Overton Estate 1909 had William Herbert Manning as its trustee, so the only street in the subdivision apparently took his name. Pescott Street Formerly Park Street, its name change was reported in the Geelong Advertiser 1 st September 1964, when duplicated street names were being adjusted. It no doubt carries the name of Thomas Pescott, a builder, who was also a leading pioneer of the Newtown Wesleyan Church. Trevor and John Pescott are direct descendants. Retreat Road The 1858 Directory of Geelong shows that Retreat Road was named at that time. There is no reference appeared to it in the 1854 Directory so it must be assumed that it was named between the two dates. It is known that The Grove, located in Retreat Road, was the site of volunteer encampments during the Russian scare of the 1850s and an army drill hall was situated north of that site until relatively recently; therefore it is possible that the road 15 Ibid p Compiled from W Morrow and I Wynd Street Names of Geelong, unpublished database. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 56

63 obtained its name from the Army s use of the word retreat - the place to which troops retired at night when retreat was sounded. Skene Street Skene Street was named after Alexander Skene ( ), Government Surveyor who took charge of the Geelong district survey office in He lived in a house called Skene House which was at the south west corner of Skene and George Streets in a large block of land see Figure Building Owners & Construction Dates A table of the original construction dates of the dwellings and the original owners is given. This data has been collated from various Directories, Geelong Water and Sewerage Trust Field Books and Rate Books. These relate to the historical evolution to the era including Late Victorian, Federation/Edwardian and Interwar dwellings and commercial buildings. Property Address Date of Construction Original Building Owner 105 Aberdeen Street c Robert Lavery 107 Aberdeen Street c Michael V Broderick 109 Aberdeen Street c Henry N Denmead 109A Aberdeen Street c Walter V Stott 111 Aberdeen Street c Henry C Treyvaud 5 Cumberland Street c Theophilus H Gane 7 Cumberland Street c Stanley A Wood 10 Little Pescott Street & 10 Kenwith Grove c Part of Kenwith House Estate. 17 Manning Street c Frank Higgins 19 Manning Street c Edith Daniel 21 Manning Street c Joseph Kelly 23 Manning Street c Miss Hobbs 11 Pescott Street c David Creighton 13 Pescott Street c Frederick Wood 15 Pescott Street c Alice Coulson 17 Pescott Street c Donald McDonald 19 Pescott Street c W P Chrisfield 67 Skene Street c Gunn 69 Skene Street c Edward J Howells 71 Skene Street c James Dixon 73 Skene Street c Val Noseda 75 Skene Street c Mrs E Cotton 77 Skene Street c Charles Akstedt 79 Skene Street c Smart 81 Skene Street c Walter C Kernot 83 Skene Street c. possibly 1934 John Hook 87 Skene Street (Gold c with 20 th century William Lindsay c Diggers Arms Hotel) additions 89 Skene Street- shop c. possibly 1938 Gipsy and Mavis Young 91 Skene Street c William R Denmead (owner?) 97 Skene Street c George Smart 99 Skene Street c Harry Hedges 101 Skene Street c George Brown 103 Skene Street c Barthy L Hollard 105 Skene Street (shops) c Corio Trading Co 88 Skene Street c Robert J Dew 94 Skene Street c. possibly pre 1895 C A & J E Hobbs 100 Skene Street c. possibly 1922 John Littleton 102 Skene Street c Mary A Gray 104 Skene Street c May Kennedy Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 57

64 106 Skene Street c George P Brunton 108 Skene Street c extended 1921 Charles Pearson 110 Skene Street c Henry N Denmead 112 Skene Street c extended c Charles Piper 114 Skene Street c. pre 1895 extended by William Robbins Skene Street (shop) c Chas R O Neill Early Owners By the early 20 th Century, the Eyre Heritage Precinct was made up of a mix of residents of varying socio-economic circumstances. The middle class residents included dealer, managers, engineer, clerk, farmer, publican, including manager Leslie A F Horne from 105 Aberdeen Street, Michael Vincent Broderick, commercial traveller from 107 Aberdeen Street and George Smart, dealer from 97 Skene Street. The working class was comprised of mechanics, dressmaker, builders, cement miller, butcher, printer, hairdresser, bricklayer, painter, bootmaker, carpenter and postal sorter. These residents included Mr Smart of 77 Skene Street who was a builder, R A Eastman of 81 Skene Street, cement miller, R J Dew of 88 Skene Street, painter and W Robbins of 114 Skene Street, bootmaker. 3.3 Physical Evidence Building Character & Appearance The Eyre Heritage Precinct is predominantly a residential area with some commercial activity, comprised of 46 dwellings, one hotel and carpark associated with the hotel (located opposite the subject site), three shops (one attached with a dwelling), a Council reserve known as Kenwith Reserve and a naval clubroom in Skene Street. Height The dwellings in the heritage area are predominantly single storey in appearance and height (Photo 3.05, Photo 3.08 and Photo 3.14) apart from the more recent two storey dwellings at 9 and 21 Pescott Street, 84 Skene Street and a greatly altered dwelling that has a two storey extension at 15 Pescott Street. The Gold Diggers Arms Hotel is an early and prominent two storey brick building, located on the corner of Pescott Street and Skene Street (Photo 3.07). The hotel is an important atypical landmark in the area. The other commercial shops are single storey in height. Form, Design and Scale Residential Buildings The dwellings in the precinct have largely been constructed in the Federation/Edwardian era, although these are two intact Victorian era houses, together with a contextually small number of interwar Bungalows. The two 19 th Century era dwellings are Victorian and Late Victorian in style at 94 Skene Street and 111 Aberdeen Street they are characterised by: Symmetrical facades. Hipped and/or gabled roof forms with a degree pitch. Galvanized corrugated steel roof cladding. Ogee form or half round gutters. Square edged timber weatherboard cladding. Cast iron verandah valances with timber posts. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 58

65 timber framed front doorways (with timber framed sidelights and highlights). narrow eaves (with decorative timber brackets). corbelled brick chimney. timber framed double hung windows (arranged singularly, paired or as tripartite windows), The early 20 th century era buildings are largely designed in Edwardian and Federation styles and reflect the following type: The Edwardian buildings in the precinct reflect the following key characteristics: asymmetrical compositions and three dimensional composition of the overall form of the building. Recessive hipped roof forms, and a gable and front verandah that projects towards the street some, with front verandahs formed under the main roof. Alternatively, broad hipped, gabled or gambrel roof forms. Strapped and/or corbelled brick chimneys. The verandahs are largely supported by timber posts and feature decorative timber fretwork valances and brackets. Timber framed double hung windows and timber framed doorways with sidelights and highlights. Timber joinery and roughcast gable infill. Most of these dwellings are constructed of horizontal timber weatherboards. Galvanized corrugated steel (non-zincalume) roof cladding pitched at degrees. Timber eave bracket and exposed rafters. Timber window hoods. Rounded picket fence or capped timber picket. Examples of brick Edwardian buildings include 81 and 99 Skene Street and examples of Edwardian timber dwellings include 21 Manning Street (Photo 3.17) and 77 Skene Street (Photo 3.20). The Federation era buildings in the precinct reflect the following key characteristics: asymmetrical compositions and three dimensional composition of the overall form of the building. Complex hipped and gable roof forms clad in slate or galvanized corrugated steel (non-zincalume) roof cladding pitched at 25 to 35 degrees. Unpainted red brick construction. Bowed projecting bay windows. Timber framed or casement or double hung window Dominant face red brick chimneys, commonly strapped with terra cotta pots. Decorative timber fretwork, brackets and posts to verandahs. Timber joinery and roughcast gable infill. Timber window hoods. Timber shingling. Examples of more elaborate Federation dwellings include 107 Aberdeen Street and 67 Skene Street (Photo 3.18). Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 59

66 The interwar era dwellings are designed as interwar Bungalows and interwar Californian bungalows and include the following types: A gable or hipped roof form that traverses the site, together with a minor gable and/or verandah that project towards the street frontage or at the side. Timber framed double hung windows, arranged singularly, in pairs. Verandahs are mainly supported by timber posts and brick piers, or solely with brick piers. There are plain rectilinear brick chimneys, with some featuring rendered or soldier-coursed tops. The gable infill comprises timber shingles. Gable ventilator. Street facing gable. Constructed in horizontal timber weatherboards. Low pitched roof forms. Wide eaves with exposed timber rafters. Galvanized corrugated steel roof cladding. interwar Bungalows with multiple hipped roof forms having front or side verandahs and several of the features listed for the interwar Californian Bungalows. Examples of interwar dwellings are located at 109A Aberdeen Street, 13 Pescott Street and 83 Skene Street. Commercial Buildings The Eyre Heritage Precinct is also defined by 4 commercial buildings. The earliest is the Gold Diggers Hotel, 87 Skene Street, initially built in c It has been remodelled on a number of occasions and now reflects a streamlined interwar cream brick façade surmounted by a parapet. The other buildings have been built in the interwar and post war periods. The Corio Trading Co building at 105 Skene Street has a distinctive curved façade that addresses its corner location. A cantilevered parapet (with early pressed metal soffit) projects over the footpath. The building is dominated by a curved parapet with Art Deco-like parrallel line motifs defined by the projecting - courses of brickwork. On the west facing façade is early signage which reads [B]utcher. 17 Early metal framed shopfront windows with tile surrounds comprise the façade below the verandah. A similar but more streamlined building located at 124 Skene Street, constructed of cream brick and lacking a verandah, it is a standard representation of a surburban post war building. Also distinctive is the interwar shop at 89 Skene Street, with its Spanish Mission parapet defined by the rendered parapet capped with terra cotta cordova tiles. The building has an early canterlevering verandah, timber framed shopfront windows, door opening and tile surrounds. Residential Garages and Carports A majority of the properties fronting Aberdeen Street, Skene Street and Pescott Street have vehicle access from the rear right of way. In other cases, the garage or carports are either detached or attached towards the rear of the dwelling, accessed by side driveways from the front of the properties. There is a more recent carport projecting forward of the front building line at The letter B is missing from the sign. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 60

67 Manning Street. Generally the location of carports and garages are not streetscape features in the Eyre Heritage Precinct. Significance of Dwellings/Commercial buildings Forty five (45) places of the fifty three (53) places (or 85%) within the Eyre Heritage Precinct are considered to have significance within the area. The buildings and places include multiple residential dwellings, one hotel, three shops (one attached with a dwelling), naval clubroom and Kenwith Park. The precinct also has six buildings that have potential individual significance. Further details and a photograph of each of the dwellings are provided in the Inventory of Places as Volume 2. The properties that are considered to have individual Local Significance (C) are: 107 Aberdeen Street. 10 Kenwith Grove & 10 Little Pescott Street (Pescott Park). 67 Skene Street. 87 Skene Street (Gold Diggers Arms Hotel) including Stone Pine tree at No s 5 and 7 Pescott Street. 89 Skene Street (Shop). 105 Skene Street (Shop/Office). 124 Skene Street (Shop). The dwellings that have contributory significance (D) listing within the heritage precinct are: 105 Aberdeen Street 77 Skene Street 109 Aberdeen Street 79 Skene Street 109A Aberdeen Street 81 Skene Street 111 Aberdeen Street 83 Skene Street 5 Cumberland Street 88 Skene Street 7 Cumberland Street 91 Skene Street 17 Manning Street 94 Skene Street 19 Manning Street 97 Skene Street 21 Manning Street 99 Skene Street 23 Manning Street 100 Skene Street 11 Pescott Street 101 Skene Street 13 Pescott Street 102 Skene Street 15 Pescott Street 103 Skene Street 17 Pescott Street 104 Skene Street 19 Pescott Street 106 Skene Street 69 Skene Street 108 Skene Street 71 Skene Street 110 Skene Street 73 Skene Street 112 Skene Street 75 Skene Street 114 Skene Street The properties that are NOT considered to have significance within the precinct are at: 13 Cumberland Street. 86 Skene Street 15 Cumberland Street 90 Skene Street 9 Pescott Street 95 Skene Street 21 Pescott Street Skene Street (vacantcar park) 80 Skene Street 118 Skene Street 82 Skene Street 126 Skene Street Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 61

68 84 Skene Street (residence) Urban Design & Engineering Infrastructure Layout and Subdivision The allotments within the Eyre Heritage Precinct follow a traditional grid pattern layout of subdivision. The allotment sizes vary significantly within each street and the precinct as a whole. The allotment frontage size varies generally between 30 feet (9.1 metres) to 70 feet (21.3 metres) in Aberdeen Street to 40 feet (8 metres) to 50 feet (15.24 metres) in Skene Street. In Pescott Street the allotments have a frontage 50 feet (15.24 metres) and in Manning Street they vary between 33 feet (10 metres) to 50 feet (15.24 metres). Setbacks Throughout the precinct are regular front setbacks. Most dwellings form a consistent front setback pattern. The shops and hotel are located on the street boundary. All residential dwellings are setback from the street frontage. Apart from very few dwellings that abut a side boundary, most dwellings have side setbacks with clear visual building separation. Engineering Infrastructure The Eyre Heritage Precinct retains very little early engineering infrastructure with the exception of the following locations: Little Pescott Street (Photo 3.15) :a bluestone drain in the laneway between Pescott Street and Manning Street, Pescott Street (Photo 3.12),: bluestone kerb and two pitcher wide bluestone channel including asphalt footpath. Cumberland Street (Photo 3.10) on both sides between Aberdeen Street and Skene Street: Bluestone kerb and three pitcher wide bluestone channel including asphalt footpath, and Manning Street (Photo 3.14): bluestone kerb and two pitcher wide bluestone channel including asphalt footpath. Crossovers to the private driveways are constructed of concrete. In Skene Street and Aberdeen Street there are more recent concrete kerb and channel (Photo 3.08 and Photo 3.16). Asphalt footpaths have been constructed in Skene Street, Pescott Street, Cumberland Street and Aberdeen Street (Photo 3.08, Photo 3.12 and Photo 3.16). There are overhead power lines in all the streets within the Eyre heritage precinct. Front Fences The streetscapes within the Aberdeen and Skene Street are identified by a substantial number of introduced front fences. Some relate to the period of the dwelling. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 62

69 In Aberdeen Street there are a number of introduced high timber and brick fences. Skene Street properties are characterised by a variety of fencing heights ranging from 1.0 metres to 2.0 metres. Most properties have introduced brick, corrugated iron sheeting and timber infill fences, low timber picket or other fences including landscaped hedging. Landmarks The two storey Gold Diggers Arms Hotel (Photo 3.07) at the corner of Skene Street and Pescott Street forms a local architectural and historical landmark. The interwar and post war shops located at the corner of Skene Street and Cumberland Street (Photo 3.01, Photo 3.02 and Photo 3.04) also form local landmarks but at a more modest scale. Recreational Park A local Council public park known as Kenwith Park is located at the rear of the Pescott Street, Manning Street and Skene Street properties (Photo 3.13). This land once formed part of the land associated with Kenwith House. The park includes grassed areas bounded by a post and rail fence and two asphalt tennis courts. The park has a small number of trees on the perimeter Landscaping With the exception of a narrow nature strip and street trees in Manning Street there are no grassed nature strips and street trees within the Eyre Heritage Precinct. The setbacks to the properties include grassed areas, often bordered with flower beds or shrubbery and trees on the larger allotments. There is a large tree located at the rear of the Gold Diggers Arms Hotel fronting Pescott Street (Photo 3.09) known as a Stone Pine, (Pinus pinea). The tree is approximately 15 metres in height by 15 metres in canopy width. It has a trunk diameter estimated at about 1.25 metres at 1 metre above ground level. The Stone Pine is generally not uncommon or rare, however in the Newtown area the tree is rare given it s species, age and size. The history of the tree is not known but it is likely to be about years old, associated with the c Gold Diggers Arms hotel on the same site Statement of Cultural Significance The Eyre Heritage Precinct is significant for its notable concentration of Victorian, and particularly Edwardian/Federation, interwar and postwar buildings constructed between c.1864 and c Parts of the area were initially laid out from the 1840s and 1850s, but the precinct largely reflects important eras of building development from the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries and during the interwar period. The majority of the dwellings of heritage value are single storey and are typical examples of Edwardian, Federation, interwar and postwar Bungalow styles. Most are built of timber weatherboard wall construction with slate or more particularly corrugated sheet metal hipped and gabled roofs, and front or return verandahs. Carports and garages are located towards the rear. The precinct is also identified by a small number of commercial buildings that form local landmarks in Skene Street, including the Gold Diggers Hotel at 87 Skene Street, former shop at Advice received from Ian Rogers City of Greater Geelong 6 th March Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 63

70 Skene Street, corner shops at 105 Skene Street and the shop at 125 Skene Street. Kenwith Park, which was laid out in c.1909, forms an important landscaped public park in the area, while the stone pine tree at the rear of the Gold Diggers Hotel represents another notable landscape feature. Also contributing to the significance of the area are the asphalt footpaths, as well as the bluestone kerbs and channels in Manning and Pescott Streets. The Eyre Heritage Precinct is architecturally significant at a LOCAL level (AHC criterion D.2). It demonstrates original and early design qualities associated with the residential development of the area from the late 19 th century but predominantly from the early 20 th century until c These qualities are expressed in the Victorian, but predominantly Edwardian/Federation and interwar Bungalow styled dwellings and post war commercial shops that are predominantly single storey in appearance. The buildings include the following design characteristics: hipped and gabled roof forms (with simple or complex roof outlines having a pitch between 25 and 35 degrees for residential dwellings and flat roofs and/or pitched roofs for commercial buildings some with parapets), front or return verandahs (some commercial buildings have verandahs over street footpath), slate and corrugated galvanised steel roof cladding, horizontal timber weatherboard wall construction, brick chimneys (detailed to reflect the design era), brick cladding and brick verandah supports, narrow or wide eaves, timber verandah posts with decorative cast iron or timber brackets and/or valances, timber framed windows arranged singularly, in pairs or bays, and the rear location of carports and garaging. Overall, these dwellings constitute 85% of the building stock in the area. The Eyre precinct also demonstrates important visual qualities that reflect the historical and residential development of the area. These qualities include the layout of the roads, streets and allotment configuration. The two storey Hotel at the corner of Skene Street and Pescott Street forms a local landmark. The early bluestone kerb and channel in Manning Street and Pescott Street and asphalt footpaths also contribute to the significance of the place. The lack of a visual presence of garages and carports from the street frontages further retains the aesthetic heritage values of the area. The Eyre Heritage Precinct is historically significant at a LOCAL level (AHC criteria A.4, H.1). It is associated with important eras of residential and commercial development after the subdivision of the area from the c.1840s and 1850s and in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries and during the interwar (c ) period. Allotments in the first subdivision were sold from 1850 s. However, it was especially from the Federation period with the construction of dwellings in Aberdeen, Manning and Skene Streets when the area was transformed into the residential neighborhood identified today. Further residential building development occurred during the interwar period as shown in the interwar Bungalows. Limited commercial developed occurred initially from c.1864 with the construction of the Gold Diggers Hotel. It was remodeled during the early 20 th century when a small number of shops were built in Skene Street to service the local residents. Overall, the Eyre Heritage Precinct is of LOCAL significance. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 64

71 3.5: Eyre Heritage Area Map Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 65

72 3.6: Eyre Precinct Historical Figures Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 66

73 Geelong Land Sales to 1841 Figure 3.01 Geelong Land Sales 1841 showing land owners in Geelong West and Newtown and Chilwell Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 67

74 Parish of Moorpanyal Plan Figure 3.02 Parish of Moorpanyal Plan 1850 s Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 68

75 Portion of the Parish of Moorpanyal Newtown and Chilwell Figure 3.03 Portion of the Parish of Moorpanyal to illustrate Newtown and Chilwell , showing early residents. Source: Model Borough An Introduction to Old Newtown and Chilwell by Gladys Seaton pages Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 69

76 Gibbons and Grist Surveyors Plan 1858 Figure 3.04 Gibbons and Grist Surveyors Plan dated 1858 showing Aberdeen Street (Great Western Road) and Skene Street. Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 70

77 N McLeods map 1850 s Figure 3.05 N. McLeod s Subdivision Plan dated 1850 s showing Aberdeen Street (Great Western Road) and George Street. Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 71

78 N McLeods map 1850 s Figure 3.06 N. McLeod s Subdivision Plan dated 1850 s showing Cumberland Street (Frederick Street) and George Street. Source: Geelong Heritage Centre Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 72

79 Robert Balding Map of the Town of Geelong and Borough s of South Barwon and Newtown and Chilwell c Figure 3.07 Robert Balding Map of the Town of Geelong and Borough s of South Barwon and Newtown and Chilwell dated June 1864, showing the layout of streets in Aberdeen Street, Park Street, Charles Street, Retreat Street and Hermitage Street. Source: City of Greater Geelong Planning Strategy Unit Geelong Town Properties Plan of Subdivision Figure 3.08 Geelong Town Properties Sales Plan Properties c1889? showing Cumberland Street (Frederick Street), Skene Street and Aberdeen Street. Source: Geelong Heritage Centre G15. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 73

80 Kenwith Plan of Subdivision c Figure 3.09 Kenwith Sales Plan early showing Pescott Street (Park Street), Skene Street and Retreat Road. Source: Geelong Heritage Centre, Maps and Plans Collection K15 Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 74

81 Overton Estate Plan of Subdivision 1909 Figure 3.10 Overton Sales Plan September 1909 showing Hermitage Road, Manning Street, Skene Street and Retreat Road. Source: Geelong Heritage Centre, Maps and Plans Collection N02 Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 75

82 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Plan No 95 Figure 3.11 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Plans No 95 Source: Barwon Water Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 76

83 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Plan No 96 Figure 3.12 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Plans No 96 Source: Barwon Water Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 77

84 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust No 97 Figure 3.13 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Plans No 97 c Source: Barwon Water. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 78

85 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Plan No 98 Figure 3.14 Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust Plans No 98 c Source: Barwon Water. Prepared by City of Greater Geelong 79